Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.17352/2455-8702.000076
Giselher Schalow
Segment-indicating muscles of the L4, L5, S1, S2/S3 and S4/S5 spinal cord segments for measuring the level of spinal cord regeneration. A. Relation between spinal cord and vertebra segments.
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Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.17352/2455-8702.000094
Giselher Schalow
Two ways to get up from the fl oor after falling. In A through D mainly the arms are used for getting up and in E through H the legs.
跌倒后从地板上爬起来的两种方法。从A到D，手臂主要是用来起床的，从E到H，腿部是用来起床的。
{"title":"Exclusive Image Gallery on Human Spinal Cord Regeneration-55","authors":"Giselher Schalow","doi":"10.17352/2455-8702.000094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-8702.000094","url":null,"abstract":"Two ways to get up from the fl oor after falling. In A through D mainly the arms are used for getting up and in E through H the legs.","PeriodicalId":376164,"journal":{"name":"Imaging Journal of Clinical and Medical Sciences","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114433417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.17352/2455-8702.000111
Giselher Schalow
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Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.17352/2455-8702.000084
Giselher Schalow
Severe scoliosis of the SCI patient Nefeli caused by the spinal cord injury and the cancer removal. With the removal of the neuroblastoma at least one intercostal was removed.
脊髓损伤和肿瘤切除引起的重度脊柱侧凸。随着神经母细胞瘤的切除，至少一个肋间区被切除。
{"title":"Exclusive Image Gallery on Human Spinal Cord Regeneration-45","authors":"Giselher Schalow","doi":"10.17352/2455-8702.000084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-8702.000084","url":null,"abstract":"Severe scoliosis of the SCI patient Nefeli caused by the spinal cord injury and the cancer removal. With the removal of the neuroblastoma at least one intercostal was removed.","PeriodicalId":376164,"journal":{"name":"Imaging Journal of Clinical and Medical Sciences","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115898210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.17352/2455-8702.000050
Giselher Schalow
Therapy-induced spasticity reduction in the short-term memory. The position of the ball represents the state of the system and the potential well, the attractor. The ball is attracted to the stable position in the deepness of the hole, called attractor state. The attractor layout, consisting of two attractive states of different stability, is changing upon exercising very coordinated rhythmic movements. Black ball = stable state, open ball = very unstable state, hatched ball = spasticity and movement co-exist. Variability of phase and frequency coordination not indicated.
{"title":"Exclusive Image Gallery on Human Spinal Cord Regeneration-Clinical Image-11","authors":"Giselher Schalow","doi":"10.17352/2455-8702.000050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-8702.000050","url":null,"abstract":"Therapy-induced spasticity reduction in the short-term memory. The position of the ball represents the state of the system and the potential well, the attractor. The ball is attracted to the stable position in the deepness of the hole, called attractor state. The attractor layout, consisting of two attractive states of different stability, is changing upon exercising very coordinated rhythmic movements. Black ball = stable state, open ball = very unstable state, hatched ball = spasticity and movement co-exist. Variability of phase and frequency coordination not indicated.","PeriodicalId":376164,"journal":{"name":"Imaging Journal of Clinical and Medical Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128146229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.17352/2455-8702.000097
Giselher Schalow
Automatic stepping in a newborn infant. A. The 5-day-old infant, Juliane, performing primary automatic stepping; slight backward posture.
{"title":"Exclusive Image Gallery on Human Spinal Cord Regeneration-58","authors":"Giselher Schalow","doi":"10.17352/2455-8702.000097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-8702.000097","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic stepping in a newborn infant. A. The 5-day-old infant, Juliane, performing primary automatic stepping; slight backward posture.","PeriodicalId":376164,"journal":{"name":"Imaging Journal of Clinical and Medical Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130533755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.17352/2455-8702.000064
Giselher Schalow
Clinical urinary bladder function test (Urodynamics). Improvement of the urinary bladder functions, quantified by urodynamics in a 30-year-old female patient. A. 3 months after the accident resulting paraplegia sub Th12 following spinal cord lesion. B. 12 months after the accident (lesion level lowered to sub L3). In A, the detrusor pressure (Pdet) is generated by the contracture of the bladder wall, as the pressure difference between abdominal pressure (Pabd, measured in the rectum) and the bladder pressure (Pves, measured in the bladder). Electromyographic recording obtained with surface electrodes from the sphincters and the pelvic floor (EMG) is shown; the external sphincters and the functionally correlated pelvic floor muscles show similar sEMG activity (the rhythmic pressure peaks in A do not originate in the bladder). In A, the detrusor shows nearly no activity with retrograde bladder filling at 25 ml/min; in B, the detrusor shows first activity at 360 ml bladder filling. A detrusor-sphincteric-dyssynergia occurs, because the detrusor pressure peaks occur at the same time as the sphincter EMG activity peaks (B) (bladder and sphincter contract at the same time, so that fluid can only emerge from the bladder at high bladder pressure; there is a danger of reflux through the ureter into the kidneys). The EMG peaks are a bit irregular, probably because the fluid, leaving the bladder, shunts transiently the EMG electrodes. Exact functional description of B: 2x coughing (B below) increases the EMG activity and passively the pressure in the abdomen and in the bladder (marked by the small arrows, physiologic). The bulbocavernosus reflex (induced by pressure applied to the clitoris) increased the EMG activity of the sphincters (physiologic). Conclusion: The reflex arch is in order; sacral nerve roots and nerves have not been damaged in the accident. I (bottom right): The patient feels an increase of unvolitional detrusor pressure (first feeling of bladder pressure at 360 ml). She tries to contract the sphincters to stop the bladder emptying. Shortly after the desire to empty the bladder, as the detrusor pressure decreases, fluid is leaving the bladder. II: Due to tapping onto the bladder, the bladder reflex is activated (detrusor activated, nearly no abdominal pressure); fluid is leaving the bladder. III: Due to the abdominal muscular pressure the pressure in the abdomen increases as does passively the pressure in the bladder (the detrusor is not activated); fluid left the bladder. With a delay, the detrusor was activated by the bladder reflex. - The urinary bladder of the patient is partly functioning. It has to be further improved by therapy induced reorganization of the CNS: (1) An earlier feeling of bladder filling, (2) an increase of the time difference between the feeling of the first bladder filling and the un-volitionally emptying of the bladder (for the time being, approx. 10 min, in dependence on whether the patient is physically active (s
{"title":"Exclusive Image Gallery on Human Spinal Cord Regeneration-Clinical Image-25","authors":"Giselher Schalow","doi":"10.17352/2455-8702.000064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-8702.000064","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical urinary bladder function test (Urodynamics). Improvement of the urinary bladder functions, quantified by urodynamics in a 30-year-old female patient. A. 3 months after the accident resulting paraplegia sub Th12 following spinal cord lesion. B. 12 months after the accident (lesion level lowered to sub L3). In A, the detrusor pressure (Pdet) is generated by the contracture of the bladder wall, as the pressure difference between abdominal pressure (Pabd, measured in the rectum) and the bladder pressure (Pves, measured in the bladder). Electromyographic recording obtained with surface electrodes from the sphincters and the pelvic floor (EMG) is shown; the external sphincters and the functionally correlated pelvic floor muscles show similar sEMG activity (the rhythmic pressure peaks in A do not originate in the bladder). In A, the detrusor shows nearly no activity with retrograde bladder filling at 25 ml/min; in B, the detrusor shows first activity at 360 ml bladder filling. A detrusor-sphincteric-dyssynergia occurs, because the detrusor pressure peaks occur at the same time as the sphincter EMG activity peaks (B) (bladder and sphincter contract at the same time, so that fluid can only emerge from the bladder at high bladder pressure; there is a danger of reflux through the ureter into the kidneys). The EMG peaks are a bit irregular, probably because the fluid, leaving the bladder, shunts transiently the EMG electrodes. Exact functional description of B: 2x coughing (B below) increases the EMG activity and passively the pressure in the abdomen and in the bladder (marked by the small arrows, physiologic). The bulbocavernosus reflex (induced by pressure applied to the clitoris) increased the EMG activity of the sphincters (physiologic). Conclusion: The reflex arch is in order; sacral nerve roots and nerves have not been damaged in the accident. I (bottom right): The patient feels an increase of unvolitional detrusor pressure (first feeling of bladder pressure at 360 ml). She tries to contract the sphincters to stop the bladder emptying. Shortly after the desire to empty the bladder, as the detrusor pressure decreases, fluid is leaving the bladder. II: Due to tapping onto the bladder, the bladder reflex is activated (detrusor activated, nearly no abdominal pressure); fluid is leaving the bladder. III: Due to the abdominal muscular pressure the pressure in the abdomen increases as does passively the pressure in the bladder (the detrusor is not activated); fluid left the bladder. With a delay, the detrusor was activated by the bladder reflex. - The urinary bladder of the patient is partly functioning. It has to be further improved by therapy induced reorganization of the CNS: (1) An earlier feeling of bladder filling, (2) an increase of the time difference between the feeling of the first bladder filling and the un-volitionally emptying of the bladder (for the time being, approx. 10 min, in dependence on whether the patient is physically active (s","PeriodicalId":376164,"journal":{"name":"Imaging Journal of Clinical and Medical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132510103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-16DOI: 10.17352/2455-8702.000045
Giselher Schalow
Volitional dorsal flexion of the feet in a patient with 70% SCI. In ‘A’ plantar flexed and in ‘B’ dorsal flexed. To improve foot power, the hand grip is co-activated (clench her fists).
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