A. Ramadhan, Wilmar A Salim, T. Argo, Alhilal Furqon, Yusuf Syaifudin, Susi Sumaryati
Integrating the human dimension in Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) has been a primary challenge for MSP practices worldwide. One of the main issues in MSP is meaningful participation. However, there is an empirical gap regarding how participation functions and its relationship to achieving social sustainability goals. This paper aims to answer this question by studying MSP in Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. A qualitative descriptive research approach was used for the data collection and analysis. The results highlight that participation in Karimunjawa provides captivating alternatives in terms of participation, specifically in the areas of planning and management. We conclude that participation in management can mitigate the negative effects resulting from the lack of participation in planning, which may be constrained by factors such as knowledge and power gaps, as well as time limitations. The case-study findings also indicate that community responsibility towards the environment is closely related to their authority in regulating the utilisation of resources. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: rb.gy/edsvb7
{"title":"Integrating the Human Dimension in Marine Spatial Planning: Lessons from Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia","authors":"A. Ramadhan, Wilmar A Salim, T. Argo, Alhilal Furqon, Yusuf Syaifudin, Susi Sumaryati","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_105_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_105_22","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Integrating the human dimension in Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) has been a primary challenge for MSP practices worldwide. One of the main issues in MSP is meaningful participation. However, there is an empirical gap regarding how participation functions and its relationship to achieving social sustainability goals. This paper aims to answer this question by studying MSP in Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. A qualitative descriptive research approach was used for the data collection and analysis. The results highlight that participation in Karimunjawa provides captivating alternatives in terms of participation, specifically in the areas of planning and management. We conclude that participation in management can mitigate the negative effects resulting from the lack of participation in planning, which may be constrained by factors such as knowledge and power gaps, as well as time limitations. The case-study findings also indicate that community responsibility towards the environment is closely related to their authority in regulating the utilisation of resources.\u0000 \u0000 Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: rb.gy/edsvb7","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140998153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past twenty years, participatory digital platforms have emerged where observations of more-than-humans are shared. Such citizen science initiatives are considered important for science and policy. This research article draws on affect theory to bring to the fore the affective side of encounters between humans and more-than-humans that comes with this practice. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with Dutch observers, we analyse how observers experience the mediation of the digital observation platform Waarneming.nl, specifically in the context of environmental loss. Based on observations of and conversations with observers, we found that bodily and sensory attentiveness of observers is important in establishing encounters with more-than-humans whilst mediated by Waarneming.nl. We propose that sharing an observation on such platforms is an affective act in itself. Observers show deep care about the more-than-humans they encounter, expressing love as well as worry over their decline. The (not) sharing of these encounters is a way for them to care for more-than-humans. We end this analysis by calling for further reflection on the contrast between the data points on the platform and the affective experiences in the field.
{"title":"Affective Encounters with More-than-humans: Digital Platforms in a Time of Environmental Loss","authors":"Helen Verploegen, R. V. D. van den Born, N. Aarts","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_95_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_95_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Over the past twenty years, participatory digital platforms have emerged where observations of more-than-humans are shared. Such citizen science initiatives are considered important for science and policy. This research article draws on affect theory to bring to the fore the affective side of encounters between humans and more-than-humans that comes with this practice. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with Dutch observers, we analyse how observers experience the mediation of the digital observation platform Waarneming.nl, specifically in the context of environmental loss. Based on observations of and conversations with observers, we found that bodily and sensory attentiveness of observers is important in establishing encounters with more-than-humans whilst mediated by Waarneming.nl. We propose that sharing an observation on such platforms is an affective act in itself. Observers show deep care about the more-than-humans they encounter, expressing love as well as worry over their decline. The (not) sharing of these encounters is a way for them to care for more-than-humans. We end this analysis by calling for further reflection on the contrast between the data points on the platform and the affective experiences in the field.","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140688025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pamela Bachmann-Vargas, C.S.A. (Kris) van Koppen, Machiel Lamers
Protecting 30% of the planet’s terrestrial and marine ecosystems by 2030 (30x30) is the most recent call for global conservation action. Toward this end, the creation of protected areas is a central strategy. The various parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) have committed to this global goal, including Chile. Against this backdrop, this article explores current narratives and practices around five protected areas in northern Patagonia, Chile. We argue that environmental discourses are key to understanding these narratives and practices. Environmental discourses influence the values central to the creation and development of protected areas, as well as the prevailing management approaches for these areas. Our findings show that two discourses are of particular importance: the ‘Patagonian wilderness’ discourse and the ‘cultural and natural heritage’ discourse. Based on our findings, we also discuss three emerging topics: the rewilding and rebranding of Patagonia, optimism around nature-based tourism, and implementation of global conservation goals within the national context. We reflect on the implications of our findings for further developments in Patagonia and for the global conservation debate. We contend that the future of protected-area management in northern Patagonia will depend on how community-based management initiatives are fostered and argue that aligning with such inclusive conservation approaches will be a critical requirement for the implementation of the 30x30 goal moving forward. Spanish abstract: rb.gy/gmaziq
{"title":"Protecting Wilderness or Cultural and Natural Heritage? Insights from Northern Patagonia, Chile","authors":"Pamela Bachmann-Vargas, C.S.A. (Kris) van Koppen, Machiel Lamers","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_15_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_15_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Protecting 30% of the planet’s terrestrial and marine ecosystems by 2030 (30x30) is the most recent call for global conservation action. Toward this end, the creation of protected areas is a central strategy. The various parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) have committed to this global goal, including Chile. Against this backdrop, this article explores current narratives and practices around five protected areas in northern Patagonia, Chile. We argue that environmental discourses are key to understanding these narratives and practices. Environmental discourses influence the values central to the creation and development of protected areas, as well as the prevailing management approaches for these areas. Our findings show that two discourses are of particular importance: the ‘Patagonian wilderness’ discourse and the ‘cultural and natural heritage’ discourse. Based on our findings, we also discuss three emerging topics: the rewilding and rebranding of Patagonia, optimism around nature-based tourism, and implementation of global conservation goals within the national context. We reflect on the implications of our findings for further developments in Patagonia and for the global conservation debate. We contend that the future of protected-area management in northern Patagonia will depend on how community-based management initiatives are fostered and argue that aligning with such inclusive conservation approaches will be a critical requirement for the implementation of the 30x30 goal moving forward.\u0000 \u0000 Spanish abstract: rb.gy/gmaziq","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":"349 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140232759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to Make a Wetland: Water and Moral Ecology in Turkey","authors":"Paolo Gruppuso","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_12_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_12_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":"526 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sociologists have been debating the nature of charisma since the discipline's inception. Recent debates in the sociology of charisma concern the role of social interaction and the place of organisations in the generation of charisma. As these debates have developed, the interdisciplinary field of conservation has begun to debate the concept of charismatic species. To date, literature from the conservation sciences has identified those species most likely to be identified as charismatic and those variables most frequently associated with charismatic species. However, little theorising has been done on the causes of charisma in charismatic species. This article uses the case of charismatic species to outline sociological arguments about charisma more generally. This theoretical exercise advances the literature in both sociology and conservation in several ways. For sociologists, the case of charismatic species shows that seemingly competitive models of charisma are in fact complementary. For those interested in the uses of charismatic species for conservation, this article demystifies charismatic species, demonstrating the ways in which they are historically and socially constructed.
{"title":"Beyond Animal Charisma: A Sociological Approach to Charismatic Species","authors":"Clayton Fordahl","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_118_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_118_22","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sociologists have been debating the nature of charisma since the discipline's inception. Recent debates in the sociology of charisma concern the role of social interaction and the place of organisations in the generation of charisma. As these debates have developed, the interdisciplinary field of conservation has begun to debate the concept of charismatic species. To date, literature from the conservation sciences has identified those species most likely to be identified as charismatic and those variables most frequently associated with charismatic species. However, little theorising has been done on the causes of charisma in charismatic species. This article uses the case of charismatic species to outline sociological arguments about charisma more generally. This theoretical exercise advances the literature in both sociology and conservation in several ways. For sociologists, the case of charismatic species shows that seemingly competitive models of charisma are in fact complementary. For those interested in the uses of charismatic species for conservation, this article demystifies charismatic species, demonstrating the ways in which they are historically and socially constructed.","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":"125 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mnemonic Ecologies: Memory and Nature Conservation Along the Former Iron Curtain","authors":"Sandra L. Chaney","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_111_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_111_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mnemonic Ecologies: Memory and Nature Conservation Along the Former Iron Curtain","authors":"Sandra L. Chaney","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_111_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_111_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":"167 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the relationship between settler colonialism and biodiversity. Focusing on Laikipia, Kenya, we argue that the types of plant and animal species present in the landscape have been shaped by historical and present power relations and often support settler colonial projects. We introduce five modes of violent ecological transformation that have been used to prolong and advance structures of settler colonialism in Laikipia: eliminating undesirable species from landscapes; rewilding landscapes with species deemed more desirable; selectively repeopling nature to create seemingly inclusive wild spaces; rescuing species at risk of extinction to shore up moral support for settler ecologies; and extending the range of settler ecologies by scaling wild spaces. Through these modes of ecological transformation, ecological relations of use and value to settler colonialism live on while other(ed) ecological relations are suppressed or erased. As efforts to implement the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) gain momentum, attention to settler ecologies is vital. Although there is no denying that radical action is needed to halt and reverse global biodiversity loss, there is a pressing need to question what types of nature will be preserved through the GBF and whose interests these natures will serve.
{"title":"Settler Ecologies and the Future of Biodiversity: Insights from Laikipia, Kenya","authors":"Brock Bersaglio, Charis Enns","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_25_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_25_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the relationship between settler colonialism and biodiversity. Focusing on Laikipia, Kenya, we argue that the types of plant and animal species present in the landscape have been shaped by historical and present power relations and often support settler colonial projects. We introduce five modes of violent ecological transformation that have been used to prolong and advance structures of settler colonialism in Laikipia: eliminating undesirable species from landscapes; rewilding landscapes with species deemed more desirable; selectively repeopling nature to create seemingly inclusive wild spaces; rescuing species at risk of extinction to shore up moral support for settler ecologies; and extending the range of settler ecologies by scaling wild spaces. Through these modes of ecological transformation, ecological relations of use and value to settler colonialism live on while other(ed) ecological relations are suppressed or erased. As efforts to implement the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) gain momentum, attention to settler ecologies is vital. Although there is no denying that radical action is needed to halt and reverse global biodiversity loss, there is a pressing need to question what types of nature will be preserved through the GBF and whose interests these natures will serve.","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":"72 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Greenleaf, J. Hoelle, Magaly Medeiros, Alberto Tavares
REDD+ is often characterised as a ‘global’ environmental framework implemented in tropical forests around the world. Yet studying actual cases of REDD+ can reveal complex interactions between scales, including under-recognised innovations at subnational and local scales. To understand these dynamics, this article brings together academics and policymakers to analyse the System of Incentives for Environmental Services (SISA)—a pioneering subnational policy in the Amazonian state of Acre, Brazil that includes a prominent jurisdictional REDD+ programme. While institutions, people, and ideas from outside of Acre contributed to its formulation, SISA is not a standardised local expression of a global policy. Rather, key aspects of it originated in ongoing and historical Acrean forest-use and governance. This analysis shows how innovative, place-based conservation policy can be influential, both within and beyond specific localities, in ways that challenge analyses of REDD+ that are primarily top-down. Our study of SISA also shows how topics of importance in contemporary REDD+ and forest conservation scholarship—efforts to make the living forest valuable, non-carbon social and environmental “co-benefits,” and landscape- and jurisdiction-wide approaches to combating deforestation—are connected to Acrean forest governance and history. Overall, this analysis elucidates the strengths and challenges of subnational forest governance and the complex inter-scalar dynamics in REDD+ and other conservation and climate policies. Portuguese abstract: rb.gy/08phn
{"title":"Forest Policy Innovation at the Subnational Scale: Insights from Acre, Brazil","authors":"M. Greenleaf, J. Hoelle, Magaly Medeiros, Alberto Tavares","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_3_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_3_23","url":null,"abstract":"REDD+ is often characterised as a ‘global’ environmental framework implemented in tropical forests around the world. Yet studying actual cases of REDD+ can reveal complex interactions between scales, including under-recognised innovations at subnational and local scales. To understand these dynamics, this article brings together academics and policymakers to analyse the System of Incentives for Environmental Services (SISA)—a pioneering subnational policy in the Amazonian state of Acre, Brazil that includes a prominent jurisdictional REDD+ programme. While institutions, people, and ideas from outside of Acre contributed to its formulation, SISA is not a standardised local expression of a global policy. Rather, key aspects of it originated in ongoing and historical Acrean forest-use and governance. This analysis shows how innovative, place-based conservation policy can be influential, both within and beyond specific localities, in ways that challenge analyses of REDD+ that are primarily top-down. Our study of SISA also shows how topics of importance in contemporary REDD+ and forest conservation scholarship—efforts to make the living forest valuable, non-carbon social and environmental “co-benefits,” and landscape- and jurisdiction-wide approaches to combating deforestation—are connected to Acrean forest governance and history. Overall, this analysis elucidates the strengths and challenges of subnational forest governance and the complex inter-scalar dynamics in REDD+ and other conservation and climate policies. Portuguese abstract: rb.gy/08phn","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]
哥伦比亚波哥大安第斯大学和德国科隆大学。邮箱:[email protected]
{"title":"When Forests Run Amok: War and Its Afterlives in Indigenous and Afro-Colombian Territories.","authors":"Claudia Leal","doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_88_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_88_23","url":null,"abstract":"Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]","PeriodicalId":376207,"journal":{"name":"Conservation and Society","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135166698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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