{"title":"Accelerating the transition to low‑emissions, climate‑resilient development pathways","authors":"","doi":"10.1787/a7756aa7-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/a7756aa7-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":376266,"journal":{"name":"The Development Dimension","volume":"31 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114134642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Members of the High-Level Advisory Group","authors":"","doi":"10.1787/46e59227-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/46e59227-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":376266,"journal":{"name":"The Development Dimension","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129325380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shares and volumes of climate-related development finance by sector, 2016-17 average","authors":"","doi":"10.1787/4178a7c6-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/4178a7c6-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":376266,"journal":{"name":"The Development Dimension","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130251652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental mainstreaming was discussed in recent OECD DAC ENVIRONET meetings and also emphasized in the previous DAC Peer Reviews of Korea. Definitions of environmental mainstreaming could be classified mainly based on two approaches: “do-some-good” and “do-no-harm.” While most internationally recognized definitions try to combine the two approaches, KOICA’s definition focuses on the “do-no-harm” approach. Since 2006, according to its regulations on organization, KOICA has been through several organizational reshufflings. From an environmental perspective, it is divided into four major periods: pre-DAC-join period (2006∼2007), green growth implementation period (2008∼2013), transition to SDGs period (2014∼2017), SDGs implementation period (2018∼present) and Post COVID-19 (2020∼present). During these four periods, “environment” has been taken charge of by different units, which chronologically include the Global Issue Team (2006), Environment and Gender Team (2007∼2008), Climate Change Team (2009), Climate Change and Environment Department (2010), Climate Change Office (2011∼2012), Climate Change and Environment Office (2013), Green Growth and Industry Team (2014), Climate Change and Environment Team (2015∼ 2016), Climate Change and Environment Department (2017∼2018), Strategy and Policy Planning for Development Programs Department (2018∼2020), Climate Crisis & Pandemic Response Department (2020∼present). To accelerate its environmental mainstreaming, KOICA might consider integrating the “do-some-good” approach into its current definition of mainstreaming and enhancing internal capacity to deal with environmental issues.
{"title":"Why is it a priority to align development co‑operation with the objectives of the Paris Agreement?","authors":"","doi":"10.1787/d3662c2b-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/d3662c2b-en","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental mainstreaming was discussed in recent OECD DAC ENVIRONET meetings and also emphasized in the previous DAC Peer Reviews of Korea. Definitions of environmental mainstreaming could be classified mainly based on two approaches: “do-some-good” and “do-no-harm.” While most internationally recognized definitions try to combine the two approaches, KOICA’s definition focuses on the “do-no-harm” approach. Since 2006, according to its regulations on organization, KOICA has been through several organizational reshufflings. From an environmental perspective, it is divided into four major periods: pre-DAC-join period (2006∼2007), green growth implementation period (2008∼2013), transition to SDGs period (2014∼2017), SDGs implementation period (2018∼present) and Post COVID-19 (2020∼present). During these four periods, “environment” has been taken charge of by different units, which chronologically include the Global Issue Team (2006), Environment and Gender Team (2007∼2008), Climate Change Team (2009), Climate Change and Environment Department (2010), Climate Change Office (2011∼2012), Climate Change and Environment Office (2013), Green Growth and Industry Team (2014), Climate Change and Environment Team (2015∼ 2016), Climate Change and Environment Department (2017∼2018), Strategy and Policy Planning for Development Programs Department (2018∼2020), Climate Crisis & Pandemic Response Department (2020∼present). To accelerate its environmental mainstreaming, KOICA might consider integrating the “do-some-good” approach into its current definition of mainstreaming and enhancing internal capacity to deal with environmental issues.","PeriodicalId":376266,"journal":{"name":"The Development Dimension","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124315922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Members of the Informal Expert Group","authors":"","doi":"10.1787/c22cabdb-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/c22cabdb-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":376266,"journal":{"name":"The Development Dimension","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129876527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Annexes","authors":"","doi":"10.1787/509bd19d-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/509bd19d-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":376266,"journal":{"name":"The Development Dimension","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132229536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Change in shares of climate-related development finance by sector, 2014-17","authors":"","doi":"10.1787/55093f33-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/55093f33-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":376266,"journal":{"name":"The Development Dimension","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115951732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shares of climate-related development finance in agriculture subsectors, 2016-17","authors":"","doi":"10.1787/4cb7c3cb-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/4cb7c3cb-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":376266,"journal":{"name":"The Development Dimension","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132026476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.5876/9781607328896.c003
W. Landis
In the five years since I (WGL) first chaired an ASTM symposium, much has changed in the field of environmental toxicology. This book is one example. In the series that spawned this volume, this book would have been the fifteenth volume of the series in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard (and sometimes risk) Assessment. ASTM Committee E47 celebrated the accomplishment of 10 years of symposia in 1986 by having a review session summarizing the last ten years in aquatic toxicology. We expanded the symposium in 1991 to include both aquatic and terrestrial, plants and animals, and to formalize the importance of environmental risk assessment. As this overview of the 1991 Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment symposium volume is being written, the 1992 meeting has already been held and the 1993 meeting is in the planning stages, The editors of this volume, Wayne Landis, Mike Lewis and Jane Hughes, have participated in previous ASTM symposia and were privileged to chair the 1991 meeting and edit this volume. In the following paragraphs we will try to summarize this volume and place a perspective on its contribution in the development of environmental toxicology. A major theme in this volume is on ecological risk assessment. The first section "Ecological Risk Assessment under TSCA" deals almost exclusively with the monumental task of performing risk assessments for thousands of compounds submitted for the Premanufacture Notification process (PMN). This section is important because it is one of the first thorough reviews of the ecological risk assessment as practiced by the Office of Toxic Substances. These risk assessments include industrial chemicals and genetically engineered organisms slated for fermentation or small scale release. Clements et al. reviews the use of structure activity relationships in the evaluation of new chemicals. Separate papers by Zeeman and Gilford and Nabholz and Miller review the ecological risk assessment process as it relates to the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Sayre and Kough review the ecological risk assessment process as it pertains to genetically engineered microorganisms, a sometimes controversial and emotion-laden issue. As crucial as it is to obtain accurate toxicological data for a single species, there is an increasing realization that information describing the impacts of xenobiotics on the population and community levels of biological organization is equally important. This issue is discussed in the next section "Evaluating Ecological Impacts at the Population and Community Levels." New methods of evaluating populations and developmental aberrations in response to toxicant stressors was presented in papers by Emlen and followed by Graham and Freeman. Microcosms and their utility in evaluating impacts of degradative microorganisms, sediments and metals were reviewed by a series of papers by Graham and Freeman, Landis et at. and Pratt et al. Ram and Gillett concluded the session with a report on the use of
自我(WGL)首次主持ASTM研讨会以来的五年里，环境毒理学领域发生了很大变化。这本书就是一个例子。在衍生本卷的系列中，这本书本应是水生毒理学和危害(有时是风险)评估系列的第十五卷。1986年，ASTM委员会E47召开了一次回顾会议，总结了过去十年在水生毒理学方面的研究成果，以此庆祝10年专题讨论会的成功。我们在1991年扩大了讨论会，包括水生和陆生、植物和动物，并正式确定了环境风险评估的重要性。在编写1991年环境毒理学和风险评估专题讨论会卷的概述时，1992年的会议已经举行，1993年的会议正在规划阶段。本卷的编辑Wayne Landis, Mike Lewis和Jane Hughes参加了以前的ASTM专题讨论会，并有幸主持1991年的会议并编辑了本卷。在下面的段落中，我们将尝试总结这一卷，并对其在环境毒理学的发展贡献的观点。本卷的一个主要主题是生态风险评估。第一部分“TSCA下的生态风险评估”几乎完全涉及对提交生产前通报过程(PMN)的数千种化合物进行风险评估的艰巨任务。本节很重要，因为它是有毒物质办公室对生态风险评估进行的第一次全面审查之一。这些风险评估包括工业化学品和计划发酵或小规模释放的基因工程生物。Clements等人回顾了结构活性关系在评价新化学品中的应用。Zeeman和Gilford以及Nabholz和Miller分别发表的论文回顾了与《有毒物质控制法》(TSCA)相关的生态风险评估过程。Sayre和Kough回顾了生态风险评估过程，因为它与基因工程微生物有关，这是一个有时充满争议和情绪的问题。获取单一物种的准确毒理学数据固然重要，但人们越来越认识到，描述外来生物制剂对生物组织的种群和群落水平的影响的信息同样重要。这个问题将在下一节“在人口和社区层面评估生态影响”中讨论。Emlen在论文中提出了评估种群和发育异常对有毒压力的反应的新方法，Graham和Freeman紧随其后。Graham和Freeman、Landis等人的一系列论文综述了微观环境及其在评价降解微生物、沉积物和金属影响方面的应用。和普拉特等人。拉姆和吉列特在会议结束时发表了一份报告，内容是利用水生/陆生食物网模型评估与典型环境污染物多氯联苯相关的风险。应激的生物标志物或生理指标一直是环境毒理学领域的一个长期研究课题。形态学和分子方法学在本节进行了回顾。由Clayton和Hoshaw介绍了Zygnemataceaen藻类在pH下的形态变化。随后，Babich和Borenfreund发表了一篇关于中性红色细胞毒性测定法在水生生物中的应用的报告。用手蛾染色体膨化作为诱导解毒蛋白的指标
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