Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1007/s13243-025-00156-9
Chaozhi Liang, Anselmo Parnada, Adeyemisi Gbadebo, Faraj Altumi, Mo Qu, Linxiao Li, Ashwin Danny Gomes, Xiaoguo Lin, Duc Truong Pham, Yongjing Wang
The increasing shift towards electrification in the automotive industry has highlighted the critical need for a large-scale and efficient processing of end-of-life (EoL) lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) from electric vehicles (EVs). Linear EoL strategies, such as landfilling, pose significant environmental hazards, while recycling, repurposing, and remanufacturing offer more sustainable alternatives; however, these alternatives require scalable, safe, and cost-efficient disassembly processes. To support circular EoL practices, a prototype of a robotic cell was proposed, presenting a novel automated disassembly process for EV-LiB modules, addressing challenges in the areas of safety and cost-effectiveness. Safety was addressed by encapsulating the work area with protective windows and implementing a safety system that suspends operation if safety conditions are not met. Cost-effectiveness was achieved by implementing a cell layout and robot program that can easily be reconfigured to be compatible with a range of Battery module designs available in the market, and utilising low-cost tools. This paper also presents a methodology for assessing the economic impact of the robotic cell. Initial assessments conducted on a mock-up Samsung model 12S1P Battery module demonstrate that the robotic cell can match the productivity of 5.50 workers within a workweek, saving over £15,000 per month in operational expenses, leading to a potential payback period of 1.33 years. This research marks a step towards realising scalable and financially feasible robotic disassembly systems for EoL EV-LiBs, promoting a circular economy in the automotive sector.
汽车行业日益向电气化转变，凸显了对电动汽车（ev）报废锂离子电池（LiBs）进行大规模高效处理的迫切需求。线性EoL策略，如填埋，会造成严重的环境危害，而回收、再利用和再制造提供了更可持续的替代方案；然而，这些替代方案需要可扩展、安全且经济的拆卸过程。为了支持循环EoL实践，提出了一种机器人单元原型，为EV-LiB模块提供了一种新的自动化拆卸过程，解决了安全性和成本效益方面的挑战。通过用保护窗封装工作区域和实施安全系统来解决安全问题，如果不满足安全条件，则暂停操作。通过实施电池布局和机器人程序，可以轻松地重新配置，以兼容市场上可用的一系列电池模块设计，并利用低成本工具，实现了成本效益。本文还提出了一种评估机器人细胞经济影响的方法。对三星12S1P模型电池模块进行的初步评估表明，机器人电池可以在一个工作周内达到5.50名工人的生产率，每月节省超过15,000英镑的运营费用，潜在的投资回收期为1.33年。这项研究标志着为EoL ev - lib实现可扩展且经济可行的机器人拆卸系统迈出了一步，促进了汽车行业的循环经济。
{"title":"An experimental robotic cell for the disassembly of electric vehicle battery modules.","authors":"Chaozhi Liang, Anselmo Parnada, Adeyemisi Gbadebo, Faraj Altumi, Mo Qu, Linxiao Li, Ashwin Danny Gomes, Xiaoguo Lin, Duc Truong Pham, Yongjing Wang","doi":"10.1007/s13243-025-00156-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13243-025-00156-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing shift towards electrification in the automotive industry has highlighted the critical need for a large-scale and efficient processing of end-of-life (EoL) lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) from electric vehicles (EVs). Linear EoL strategies, such as landfilling, pose significant environmental hazards, while recycling, repurposing, and remanufacturing offer more sustainable alternatives; however, these alternatives require scalable, safe, and cost-efficient disassembly processes. To support circular EoL practices, a prototype of a robotic cell was proposed, presenting a novel automated disassembly process for EV-LiB modules, addressing challenges in the areas of safety and cost-effectiveness. Safety was addressed by encapsulating the work area with protective windows and implementing a safety system that suspends operation if safety conditions are not met. Cost-effectiveness was achieved by implementing a cell layout and robot program that can easily be reconfigured to be compatible with a range of Battery module designs available in the market, and utilising low-cost tools. This paper also presents a methodology for assessing the economic impact of the robotic cell. Initial assessments conducted on a mock-up Samsung model 12S1P Battery module demonstrate that the robotic cell can match the productivity of 5.50 workers within a workweek, saving over £15,000 per month in operational expenses, leading to a potential payback period of 1.33 years. This research marks a step towards realising scalable and financially feasible robotic disassembly systems for EoL EV-LiBs, promoting a circular economy in the automotive sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":37709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Remanufacturing","volume":"15 2-3","pages":"381-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1007/s13243-024-00141-8
S. Agarwal, Mohit Tyagi, R. Garg, Amit Chopra
{"title":"Optimizing sustainable supply of essential materials in a circular economy: a CoCoSo-SWARA based approach","authors":"S. Agarwal, Mohit Tyagi, R. Garg, Amit Chopra","doi":"10.1007/s13243-024-00141-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13243-024-00141-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Remanufacturing","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1007/s13243-024-00139-2
Camilo Mejía-Moncayo, J. Kenné, Lucas A. Hof
{"title":"A Reconfigurable Cellular Remanufacturing Architecture: a multi-objective design approach","authors":"Camilo Mejía-Moncayo, J. Kenné, Lucas A. Hof","doi":"10.1007/s13243-024-00139-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13243-024-00139-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Remanufacturing","volume":"118 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140079466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1007/s13243-024-00138-3
Jia Yuik Chong, Muhamad Zameri Mat Saman, Norshafadila Ngadiman
{"title":"Sustainable remanufacturing management approaches and applications model in end-of-life vehicles: a critical review and classification","authors":"Jia Yuik Chong, Muhamad Zameri Mat Saman, Norshafadila Ngadiman","doi":"10.1007/s13243-024-00138-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13243-024-00138-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Remanufacturing","volume":"81 21","pages":"169-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140087297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1007/s13243-024-00135-6
Yasser Ghamary, Mingyuan Chen
{"title":"A mathematical model for aerospace product MRO scheduling with remanufacturing","authors":"Yasser Ghamary, Mingyuan Chen","doi":"10.1007/s13243-024-00135-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13243-024-00135-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Remanufacturing","volume":"97 4","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1007/s13243-024-00135-6
Yasser Ghamary, Mingyuan Chen
{"title":"A mathematical model for aerospace product MRO scheduling with remanufacturing","authors":"Yasser Ghamary, Mingyuan Chen","doi":"10.1007/s13243-024-00135-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13243-024-00135-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Remanufacturing","volume":"1 3","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139862205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.1007/s13243-024-00137-4
Narjes Fallah, Colin Fitzpatrick
{"title":"Exploring the state of health of electric vehicle batteries at end of use; hierarchical waste flow analysis to determine the recycling and reuse potential","authors":"Narjes Fallah, Colin Fitzpatrick","doi":"10.1007/s13243-024-00137-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13243-024-00137-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Remanufacturing","volume":"26 12","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139595475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.1007/s13243-024-00136-5
Syed Shah Alam, Mohammad Masukujjaman, Husam Ahmad Kokash, N. Hashim
{"title":"Application of TPB-SOR theory on remanufactured product buying intention among Malaysian consumers: mediation of TPB constructs and functional value","authors":"Syed Shah Alam, Mohammad Masukujjaman, Husam Ahmad Kokash, N. Hashim","doi":"10.1007/s13243-024-00136-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13243-024-00136-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Remanufacturing","volume":"19 8","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1007/s13243-023-00134-z
Enrico Villagrossi, T. Dinon
{"title":"Robotics for electric vehicles battery packs disassembly towards sustainable remanufacturing","authors":"Enrico Villagrossi, T. Dinon","doi":"10.1007/s13243-023-00134-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13243-023-00134-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Remanufacturing","volume":"21 1","pages":"355 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139297639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.1007/s13243-023-00130-3
Sandra Huster, Sonja Rosenberg, Simon Glöser-Chahoud, Frank Schultmann
Abstract When planning production or remanufacturing capacity, it is necessary to use forecasts. In the case of production, demand must be forecasted; in the case of remanufacturing, core supply is also uncertain. In the remanufacturing literature, there are different methods to forecast product returns in the long term, mostly material-flow analysis, system dynamics simulation, and discrete-event simulation. All methods require various assumptions to be taken. The effects of the assumptions are rarely studied, although every assumption adds a source of error. In this paper, we examine which assumptions influence long-term forecasts for remanufacturing capacity planning the most. This can help researchers and practitioners to focus on the most influencing factors and neglect those that would only add complexity without adding value. We examine assumptions concerning new product sales, product composition, product lifetime, return rate, and return quality. Our use case are electric vehicle batteries in Germany from 2022 to 2032. We find that, for the examined period, product quality and return rate have the greatest influence on capacity planning. Assumptions on an age limit for cores or a certain remaining useful life as a quality gate significantly lower the product return quantities and the resulting demand for remanufacturing capacity. The product's lifespan also influences the results, first and foremost regarding the entry point into remanufacturing activities. Sales forecasts affect the results minorly if the timeframe of the forecast and the expected product lifespan are approximately the same.
{"title":"Remanufacturing capacity planning in new markets—effects of different forecasting assumptions on remanufacturing capacity planning for electric vehicle batteries","authors":"Sandra Huster, Sonja Rosenberg, Simon Glöser-Chahoud, Frank Schultmann","doi":"10.1007/s13243-023-00130-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13243-023-00130-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When planning production or remanufacturing capacity, it is necessary to use forecasts. In the case of production, demand must be forecasted; in the case of remanufacturing, core supply is also uncertain. In the remanufacturing literature, there are different methods to forecast product returns in the long term, mostly material-flow analysis, system dynamics simulation, and discrete-event simulation. All methods require various assumptions to be taken. The effects of the assumptions are rarely studied, although every assumption adds a source of error. In this paper, we examine which assumptions influence long-term forecasts for remanufacturing capacity planning the most. This can help researchers and practitioners to focus on the most influencing factors and neglect those that would only add complexity without adding value. We examine assumptions concerning new product sales, product composition, product lifetime, return rate, and return quality. Our use case are electric vehicle batteries in Germany from 2022 to 2032. We find that, for the examined period, product quality and return rate have the greatest influence on capacity planning. Assumptions on an age limit for cores or a certain remaining useful life as a quality gate significantly lower the product return quantities and the resulting demand for remanufacturing capacity. The product's lifespan also influences the results, first and foremost regarding the entry point into remanufacturing activities. Sales forecasts affect the results minorly if the timeframe of the forecast and the expected product lifespan are approximately the same.","PeriodicalId":37709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Remanufacturing","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135350451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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