If asked to name every programming language he knows, a person who considers himself knowledgeable in computers should be able to name at least ten. The list probably breaks down into three categories; those which he speaks, those which he does not speak but whose purpose is known, and those for which even the meaning of the name is unknown.
{"title":"Real-time applications","authors":"John F. Barkley","doi":"10.1145/1041244.1041245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1041244.1041245","url":null,"abstract":"If asked to name every programming language he knows, a person who considers himself knowledgeable in computers should be able to name at least ten. The list probably breaks down into three categories; those which he speaks, those which he does not speak but whose purpose is known, and those for which even the meaning of the name is unknown.","PeriodicalId":377377,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigmini Newsletter","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116966409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This column is dedicated to inexpensive computing. In it, I hope to explore ways in which a person, company or institution can get the most bang (and bits) per buck.
本专栏专门讨论廉价计算。在这本书中，我希望探索个人、公司或机构如何能最大限度地利用每一美元。
{"title":"Mini-(bank)-notes","authors":"P. Wood","doi":"10.1145/1164864.1164867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1164864.1164867","url":null,"abstract":"This column is dedicated to inexpensive computing. In it, I hope to explore ways in which a person, company or institution can get the most bang (and bits) per buck.","PeriodicalId":377377,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigmini Newsletter","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122389682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most traditional form of the minicomputer system is the single-user system. It is primarily since the invention of the word "minicomputer" that minicomputers have been used in applications which require some form of multi-tasking, such as, message switching, industrial process monitoring, and laboratory instrument control. Indeed, some forms of these applications are implemented with single-user systems using FORTRAN or BASIC.
{"title":"Minicomputers and programmable calculators","authors":"John F. Barkley","doi":"10.1145/1164857.1164859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1164857.1164859","url":null,"abstract":"The most traditional form of the minicomputer system is the single-user system. It is primarily since the invention of the word \"minicomputer\" that minicomputers have been used in applications which require some form of multi-tasking, such as, message switching, industrial process monitoring, and laboratory instrument control. Indeed, some forms of these applications are implemented with single-user systems using FORTRAN or BASIC.","PeriodicalId":377377,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigmini Newsletter","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126157879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the April issue of Computer Design the latest offering from Data General Corp. was reviewed. The offering consists of a new micro/minicomputer family which is code-compatible with NOVA minicomputers. The family has members aimed at OEM (original equipment manufacturers) and end users alike.
四月号的《计算机设计》杂志对Data General Corp.的最新产品进行了评论。该产品包括一个新的微型/微型计算机系列，它与NOVA微型计算机的代码兼容。该家族有针对OEM(原始设备制造商)和最终用户的成员。
{"title":"The most significant bits","authors":"J. E. Godderz","doi":"10.1145/1041231.1041232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1041231.1041232","url":null,"abstract":"In the April issue of <u>Computer Design</u> the latest offering from Data General Corp. was reviewed. The offering consists of a new micro/minicomputer family which is code-compatible with NOVA minicomputers. The family has members aimed at OEM (original equipment manufacturers) and end users alike.","PeriodicalId":377377,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigmini Newsletter","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121299256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Much of the research and development for early computers was done in university research laboratories. Colleges and universities were quick to acquire computer facilities for research and for administration. During the early 1960's computers became widely available for instructional purposes. Thus most colleges and universities now have 10-15 years of experience in using computers, and many secondary school systems have 5-10 years of experience. However, in spite of all this effort, most members of our society do not have an adequate understanding of computers or any reasonable likelihood of getting one. Although administrative use has progressed more rapidly than instructional use, it is evident that both areas leave much to be desired. One can give good arguments that computers have not lived up to their promise as an aid to education.
{"title":"It's a small, small world","authors":"P. Ryan","doi":"10.1145/1041239.1041242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1041239.1041242","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the research and development for early computers was done in university research laboratories. Colleges and universities were quick to acquire computer facilities for research and for administration. During the early 1960's computers became widely available for instructional purposes. Thus most colleges and universities now have 10-15 years of experience in using computers, and many secondary school systems have 5-10 years of experience. However, in spite of all this effort, most members of our society do not have an adequate understanding of computers or any reasonable likelihood of getting one. Although administrative use has progressed more rapidly than instructional use, it is evident that both areas leave much to be desired. One can give good arguments that computers have not lived up to their promise as an aid to education.","PeriodicalId":377377,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigmini Newsletter","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121508431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The minicomputer invasion is bringing an end to the Renaissance Computer Age. The reasons for this are both technological and economical.Hardware costs have, because of LSI technology, diminished below the cost of complexity making general purpose k-way shared systems uneconomical for large values of k. On the otherhand, software development costs remain high due to complexity. Therefore, software complexity is forcing duplication of integrated hard/soft systems in place of hardware systems running a variety of programs.The hardware shift, as it is called, is also responsible for a shift in the type and number of computer applications. Shifts in applications lead eventually to greater hardware shifts. Viewed from an economic point-of-view the hardware shift is an "acceleration force" whose rate of change determines the size of future computers.
{"title":"How large should a computer be?","authors":"T. Lewis","doi":"10.1145/1164875.1164879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1164875.1164879","url":null,"abstract":"The minicomputer invasion is bringing an end to the Renaissance Computer Age. The reasons for this are both technological and economical.Hardware costs have, because of LSI technology, diminished below the cost of complexity making general purpose k-way shared systems uneconomical for large values of k. On the otherhand, software development costs remain high due to complexity. Therefore, software complexity is forcing duplication of integrated hard/soft systems in place of hardware systems running a variety of programs.The hardware shift, as it is called, is also responsible for a shift in the type and number of computer applications. Shifts in applications lead eventually to greater hardware shifts. Viewed from an economic point-of-view the hardware shift is an \"acceleration force\" whose rate of change determines the size of future computers.","PeriodicalId":377377,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigmini Newsletter","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133864437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Computer Systems Research Group of the University of Toronto is now distributing their compilers for SP/k. These compilers support a sequence of subsets of PL/1 called SP/1, SP/2, SP/3, ..., SP/8 that have been designed for teaching programming. Generally., programs that run without errors under the SP/k compilers will run with the same results under other PL/1 compilers such as IBM's PL/1 F compiler, IBM's check-out compiler or Cornell University's PL/C compiler. (See the references for specifications of SP/k and discussion of using PL/1 for teaching.)
{"title":"SP/K (PL/1 Subset) compilers now available for 360/370 and PDP-11","authors":"R. Holt, D. Wortman","doi":"10.1145/1164857.1164862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1164857.1164862","url":null,"abstract":"The Computer Systems Research Group of the University of Toronto is now distributing their compilers for SP/k. These compilers support a sequence of subsets of PL/1 called SP/1, SP/2, SP/3, ..., SP/8 that have been designed for teaching programming. Generally., programs that run without errors under the SP/k compilers will run with the same results under other PL/1 compilers such as IBM's PL/1 F compiler, IBM's check-out compiler or Cornell University's PL/C compiler. (See the references for specifications of SP/k and discussion of using PL/1 for teaching.)","PeriodicalId":377377,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigmini Newsletter","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133388673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The appearance of microprocessor based computing systems has put the cost of hardware virtually within the reach of everybody. Software for such systems, however, hasn't even come near matching the ever expanding selection of gear. To help solve the software generation problem, many language processors have been developed. Since the products involved tend to have such restricted environments, these processors are usually run on machines that are much larger than the target processing system. It is quite common to have these processors available on the local time sharing network.
{"title":"Mini-notes","authors":"P. Wood","doi":"10.1145/1041239.1041240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1041239.1041240","url":null,"abstract":"The appearance of microprocessor based computing systems has put the cost of hardware virtually within the reach of everybody. Software for such systems, however, hasn't even come near matching the ever expanding selection of gear. To help solve the software generation problem, many language processors have been developed. Since the products involved tend to have such restricted environments, these processors are usually run on machines that are much larger than the target processing system. It is quite common to have these processors available on the local time sharing network.","PeriodicalId":377377,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigmini Newsletter","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115142393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From a general system theoretic standpoint, a business is certainly a system (organization). The inputs to a business are goods, services, and money. The business transforms these inputs into outputs which again consist of goods, services, and money. The objective (goal, purpose) of a business can and does vary from business to business. Also an objective can consist of reasonably separable sub-objectives which may or may not conflict. I am told by some that what I have defined is an enterprise. These people then view a business as an enterprise whose major objective is to generate (and maximize) profit. I do not want to make this distinction in this and subsequent columns.
{"title":"What is a business application?","authors":"T. Gary","doi":"10.1145/1164857.1164861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1164857.1164861","url":null,"abstract":"From a general system theoretic standpoint, a business is certainly a system (organization). The inputs to a business are goods, services, and money. The business transforms these inputs into outputs which again consist of goods, services, and money. The objective (goal, purpose) of a business can and does vary from business to business. Also an objective can consist of reasonably separable sub-objectives which may or may not conflict. I am told by some that what I have defined is an enterprise. These people then view a business as an enterprise whose major objective is to generate (and maximize) profit. I do <u>not</u> want to make this distinction in this and subsequent columns.","PeriodicalId":377377,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigmini Newsletter","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132652425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bio-medical information dissemination is continuing to increase in complexity. This trend places additional work on both the information user and supplier. In the medical community the chief information supplier usually is the library of health sciences.
{"title":"Minicomputer technology for bio-medical information dissemination","authors":"James N. Falasco","doi":"10.1145/1164857.1164858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1164857.1164858","url":null,"abstract":"Bio-medical information dissemination is continuing to increase in complexity. This trend places additional work on both the information user and supplier. In the medical community the chief information supplier usually is the library of health sciences.","PeriodicalId":377377,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigmini Newsletter","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130318787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：