This article uses Sara Ahmed’s concept of “affective economy” to explore the relationship between affect and gender in the transnational Islamic Revival in the 1960s and 1970s. It does so by examining the work of Maryam Jameelah (neé Margaret Marcus, 1934-2012), the American Jewish convert to Islam who moved to Pakistan in 1962 at the invitation of A’la Abul Mawdudi, the prominent revivalist leader and thinker. For her English-speaking audiences, Jameelah was a potent messenger for a revivalist ideology that aimed to reinvigorate an Islamic politics in opposition to Western capitalism and materialism. I argue that the affective economy of Jameelah’s writing help to explain the mobility of her ideas across national borders. Through affect, Jameelah’s writings produce a cumulative set of associations around female bodies that were intended to galvanize Muslim attachments to the umma and to draw absolute boundaries between Islam and the West.
本文运用Sara Ahmed的“情感经济”概念，探讨20世纪六七十年代跨国伊斯兰复兴运动中情感与性别的关系。本书通过研究Maryam Jameelah (ne Margaret Marcus, 1934-2012)的作品来实现这一点。Maryam Jameelah是一位皈依伊斯兰教的美国犹太人，1962年应著名的复兴运动领袖和思想家A 'la Abul Mawdudi的邀请移居巴基斯坦。对于说英语的听众来说，贾米拉是复兴主义意识形态的有力使者，旨在重振伊斯兰政治，反对西方资本主义和物质主义。我认为，贾米拉作品的情感经济有助于解释她的思想跨越国界的流动性。通过情感，贾米拉的作品产生了一系列围绕女性身体的联想，旨在激发穆斯林对乌玛的依恋，并在伊斯兰和西方之间划清绝对的界限。
{"title":"Maryam Jameelah and the Affective Economy of Islamic Revival","authors":"J. Howe","doi":"10.33182/ijor.v3i2.2286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/ijor.v3i2.2286","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses Sara Ahmed’s concept of “affective economy” to explore the relationship between affect and gender in the transnational Islamic Revival in the 1960s and 1970s. It does so by examining the work of Maryam Jameelah (neé Margaret Marcus, 1934-2012), the American Jewish convert to Islam who moved to Pakistan in 1962 at the invitation of A’la Abul Mawdudi, the prominent revivalist leader and thinker. For her English-speaking audiences, Jameelah was a potent messenger for a revivalist ideology that aimed to reinvigorate an Islamic politics in opposition to Western capitalism and materialism. I argue that the affective economy of Jameelah’s writing help to explain the mobility of her ideas across national borders. Through affect, Jameelah’s writings produce a cumulative set of associations around female bodies that were intended to galvanize Muslim attachments to the umma and to draw absolute boundaries between Islam and the West.","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77293002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medieval scholars write often about frontiers, but infrequently about borderlands. In this essay I bring together medieval studies and borderland studies, specifically the work of Gloria Anzaldúa, to read anew the Gesta Sanctorum Rotonensium (Deeds of the Holy Men of Redon). This late ninth century text describes the establishment (in 832) and early history of the monastery of Redon, which took place within multiple, overlapping, and contested borders. By translating Anzaldúa’s nepantla into a ninth-century idiom, I read the Gesta as a borderlands text, written by and for residents of the Frankish-Breton borderlands. The fluidity of this borderlands region, I argue, fostered the conflict and becoming essential to nepantla. This enabled the monks to formulate a transgressive identity, and community, that worked around and between and sometimes against both secular and ecclesiastical power.
{"title":"Nepantla in The Ninth Century: The Monastery of Redon and The Frankish-Breton Borderlands","authors":"T. Greene","doi":"10.33182/ijor.v3i2.2263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/ijor.v3i2.2263","url":null,"abstract":"Medieval scholars write often about frontiers, but infrequently about borderlands. In this essay I bring together medieval studies and borderland studies, specifically the work of Gloria Anzaldúa, to read anew the Gesta Sanctorum Rotonensium (Deeds of the Holy Men of Redon). This late ninth century text describes the establishment (in 832) and early history of the monastery of Redon, which took place within multiple, overlapping, and contested borders. By translating Anzaldúa’s nepantla into a ninth-century idiom, I read the Gesta as a borderlands text, written by and for residents of the Frankish-Breton borderlands. The fluidity of this borderlands region, I argue, fostered the conflict and becoming essential to nepantla. This enabled the monks to formulate a transgressive identity, and community, that worked around and between and sometimes against both secular and ecclesiastical power.","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77064201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultural assimilation of “Muslim” immigrants in Europe poses a foundational question to political philosophy: is assimilation a prerequisite for socio-economic integration? What is often interpreted as the symptom of failed integration is the proliferation of ethnic enclaves in European metropolises. Non-white immigrants who experience discrimination and marginalization withdraw into isolated zones, creating internal borders within cities. These spaces are susceptible to a host of social problems and often become a fertile ground for radicalization. The State turns to design techniques to break open these ghettoized zones. This paper analyzes an urban renewal project that was conceived to address marginality in one such neighborhood in Copenhagen. Despite the façade of inclusivity and democratic participation, the design creates a parody of Muslim cultures by remixing culturally-significant symbols. In representing immigrants’ cultures as “Other,” the ideology of design mirrors the exclusionary preferences of the politics of the border.
{"title":"Borders within Borders: Superkilen as the Site of Assimilation","authors":"E. Sheikholharam","doi":"10.33182/ijor.v3i2.2290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/ijor.v3i2.2290","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural assimilation of “Muslim” immigrants in Europe poses a foundational question to political philosophy: is assimilation a prerequisite for socio-economic integration? What is often interpreted as the symptom of failed integration is the proliferation of ethnic enclaves in European metropolises. Non-white immigrants who experience discrimination and marginalization withdraw into isolated zones, creating internal borders within cities. These spaces are susceptible to a host of social problems and often become a fertile ground for radicalization. The State turns to design techniques to break open these ghettoized zones. This paper analyzes an urban renewal project that was conceived to address marginality in one such neighborhood in Copenhagen. Despite the façade of inclusivity and democratic participation, the design creates a parody of Muslim cultures by remixing culturally-significant symbols. In representing immigrants’ cultures as “Other,” the ideology of design mirrors the exclusionary preferences of the politics of the border.","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73394908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A rich literature on ‘populism’ and ‘religion’ has flourished in the preceding decade. Following a now consensual vision of ‘populism’ as ‘anti-pluralism’, scholars such as Cas Mudde, Daniel Steinmetz-Jenkins, and Duncan McDonnell have homed in on how populists weaponize religious themes and live off the decline of organized religiosity. This paper revisits these theses through a re-examination of the first self-declared populist movement in history, the American People’s Party of the late nineteenth century and two of its most prominent political personalities – Georgia Populist Thomas E. Watson and Boston radical Benjamin O. Flower. Both Watson and Flower were convinced Methodists all their lives and saw Populist farming associations in the 1890s as a natural extension of previous church networks. After the movement’s defeat in 1896, however, both remodulated their Methodism for specific ends: anti-Catholicism, opposition to Protestant missionary efforts, anti-vaccination sentiment and, in case of Watson, aggressive anti-Semitism. Rather than seeing these instances as deviations from a populist creed, this paper investigates how Flower and Watson’s Populism saw the crisis of American Methodism as part of a broader republican decline, and how this insight can inform contemporary discussion on the interrelation between populism, pluralism, democracy, and religion.
{"title":"Populism and the Crisis of American Methodism","authors":"Anton Jäger","doi":"10.33182/ijor.v3i1.1862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/ijor.v3i1.1862","url":null,"abstract":"A rich literature on ‘populism’ and ‘religion’ has flourished in the preceding decade. Following a now consensual vision of ‘populism’ as ‘anti-pluralism’, scholars such as Cas Mudde, Daniel Steinmetz-Jenkins, and Duncan McDonnell have homed in on how populists weaponize religious themes and live off the decline of organized religiosity. This paper revisits these theses through a re-examination of the first self-declared populist movement in history, the American People’s Party of the late nineteenth century and two of its most prominent political personalities – Georgia Populist Thomas E. Watson and Boston radical Benjamin O. Flower. Both Watson and Flower were convinced Methodists all their lives and saw Populist farming associations in the 1890s as a natural extension of previous church networks. After the movement’s defeat in 1896, however, both remodulated their Methodism for specific ends: anti-Catholicism, opposition to Protestant missionary efforts, anti-vaccination sentiment and, in case of Watson, aggressive anti-Semitism. Rather than seeing these instances as deviations from a populist creed, this paper investigates how Flower and Watson’s Populism saw the crisis of American Methodism as part of a broader republican decline, and how this insight can inform contemporary discussion on the interrelation between populism, pluralism, democracy, and religion.","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":"15 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79609447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines what the implications of Brexit might be on the freedom of religion and belief, one of the most significant freedoms for social identity, in light of the ongoing debate concerning the political, economic, social and cultural effects of Brexit on the United Kingdom (UK). There is particular anxiety over increasing religious hate crime since the European Union (EU) Referendum of 23 June 2016, with people wondering if the tradition of tolerance in Britain will be affected. Consequently, in this article the following questions will be asked: Will Brexit seriously undermine the existential conditions of this freedom? Will Brexit enable the UK to present itself as a haven for people suffering because of restrictions on religious symbols introduced in Continental Europe? Are Government plans to prevent a rise in Brexit-related religious hate crimes sufficient? How should such hate crimes be combatted?
{"title":"Brexit and its Implications on the Freedom of Religion and Belief in the UK","authors":"Ozgur H. Cinar","doi":"10.33182/ijor.v3i1.1941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/ijor.v3i1.1941","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines what the implications of Brexit might be on the freedom of religion and belief, one of the most significant freedoms for social identity, in light of the ongoing debate concerning the political, economic, social and cultural effects of Brexit on the United Kingdom (UK). There is particular anxiety over increasing religious hate crime since the European Union (EU) Referendum of 23 June 2016, with people wondering if the tradition of tolerance in Britain will be affected. Consequently, in this article the following questions will be asked: Will Brexit seriously undermine the existential conditions of this freedom? Will Brexit enable the UK to present itself as a haven for people suffering because of restrictions on religious symbols introduced in Continental Europe? Are Government plans to prevent a rise in Brexit-related religious hate crimes sufficient? How should such hate crimes be combatted?","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80516897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interfaith dialogues are platforms to address the issues of common concern for different faiths and beliefs. In this article, we use game theory to draw attention to the tensions between representing one’s community and reaching out to the ‘other’ side in pursuit of a common goal. We investigate the role of uncertainty and trust in interfaith communications, especially in times of political conflict. We propose four dynamic game models of incomplete information classified into two categories. Through our model, we find that even if one participant would prefer a scenario where the other party is cooperative while she herself remains defiant for reputational purposes, as long as she values a mutual solution/cooperation to mutual defection/conflict, the interfaith interaction will be more likely to be successful. Our models also show that the parties will be more tolerant of a ‘defiant’ looking behaviour if they believe they are dealing with a partner who is sincere and not prone to peer pressure, rather than one who cares more about his reputation than the communication itself. We demonstrate the findings of our models by using the case of the interfaith interactions during the Troubles Period in Northern Ireland.
{"title":"The Role of Informational Asymmetry in Interfaith Communication During Conflict: A Game Theoretical Approach","authors":"Serdar S. Guner, N. Sandal","doi":"10.33182/ijor.v3i1.1585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/ijor.v3i1.1585","url":null,"abstract":"Interfaith dialogues are platforms to address the issues of common concern for different faiths and beliefs. In this article, we use game theory to draw attention to the tensions between representing one’s community and reaching out to the ‘other’ side in pursuit of a common goal. We investigate the role of uncertainty and trust in interfaith communications, especially in times of political conflict. We propose four dynamic game models of incomplete information classified into two categories. Through our model, we find that even if one participant would prefer a scenario where the other party is cooperative while she herself remains defiant for reputational purposes, as long as she values a mutual solution/cooperation to mutual defection/conflict, the interfaith interaction will be more likely to be successful. Our models also show that the parties will be more tolerant of a ‘defiant’ looking behaviour if they believe they are dealing with a partner who is sincere and not prone to peer pressure, rather than one who cares more about his reputation than the communication itself. We demonstrate the findings of our models by using the case of the interfaith interactions during the Troubles Period in Northern Ireland.","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":"8 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78361573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While religion’s presence in society is not disputed, its significance in international relations (ir) and the severity of its challenge to the largely ‘secular’ international relations discipline (IR) is still debatable. Also noteworthy is the way IR (theoretical) literature has defined and considered religion: caged in certain dimensions and constrained to specific roles. While Huntington started the debate on civilizational conflicts, several studies in the past few decades have contested the validity of not only ‘warring’ civilizations thesis but also how to incorporate religion in IR. There are fewer studies that discuss in-depth, various theoretical challenges that different groups of scholars have tried to tackle in IR, and the main gaps in those studies. This paper seeks to fill that gap by proposing a different review of the existing IR literature, i.e., in light of key trends in the IR’s quest to incorporate religion into existing theories or newer frameworks. In that context, the paper argues that key works in the field can be classified according to where they place religion in (existing) IR. Three important developments in the IR scholarship as thus proposed: i) studies incorporating Religion in traditional IR theory, ii) Religious IR theories/approaches and frameworks of analysis, and iii) finding secular in the post-secularizing IR. The paper examines the above trends in detail and critically analyzes each development, followed by a brief discussion on the methodological avenues for studying different religions under the same framework.
{"title":"Review of Religion in International Relations Theory","authors":"Astha Chadha","doi":"10.33182/ijor.v3i1.2142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/ijor.v3i1.2142","url":null,"abstract":"While religion’s presence in society is not disputed, its significance in international relations (ir) and the severity of its challenge to the largely ‘secular’ international relations discipline (IR) is still debatable. Also noteworthy is the way IR (theoretical) literature has defined and considered religion: caged in certain dimensions and constrained to specific roles. While Huntington started the debate on civilizational conflicts, several studies in the past few decades have contested the validity of not only ‘warring’ civilizations thesis but also how to incorporate religion in IR. There are fewer studies that discuss in-depth, various theoretical challenges that different groups of scholars have tried to tackle in IR, and the main gaps in those studies. This paper seeks to fill that gap by proposing a different review of the existing IR literature, i.e., in light of key trends in the IR’s quest to incorporate religion into existing theories or newer frameworks. In that context, the paper argues that key works in the field can be classified according to where they place religion in (existing) IR. Three important developments in the IR scholarship as thus proposed: i) studies incorporating Religion in traditional IR theory, ii) Religious IR theories/approaches and frameworks of analysis, and iii) finding secular in the post-secularizing IR. The paper examines the above trends in detail and critically analyzes each development, followed by a brief discussion on the methodological avenues for studying different religions under the same framework. ","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90418052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.18848/2154-8633/cgp/v12i02/59-71
Soyoung Choi
{"title":"The Takarazuka Operetta: “Girls,” State Shinto, and the Manufacture of Collective Emotions","authors":"Soyoung Choi","doi":"10.18848/2154-8633/cgp/v12i02/59-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8633/cgp/v12i02/59-71","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67506105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.18848/2154-8633/cgp/v12i01/213-223
Nicholas Creel
{"title":"Unto Caesar it is Rendered: Religiosity’s Effect on Unconventional Political Participation","authors":"Nicholas Creel","doi":"10.18848/2154-8633/cgp/v12i01/213-223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8633/cgp/v12i01/213-223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":"455 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67505526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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