Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.15406/paij.2024.08.00330
V. Etkin
A number of specific examples show that replacing the energy carrier of the thermal form of motion with entropy as a heat transfer coordinate leads to a number of paralogisms, the number of which increases as the scope of application of thermodynamics expands. The epistemological roots of these paralogisms are revealed and a more general measure of the amount of chaotic motion, called a thermal impulse for brevity, is proposed. It is shown how its use instead of entropy eliminates all paralogisms known and discovered by the author, including the prediction of the thermal death of the Universe and the degradation of biological systems. It is concluded that replacing entropy with a thermal impulse opens the way to expanding the capabilities of the thermodynamic method in the study of nonequilibrium systems and non-static processes, to the synthesis of thermodynamics with other fundamental disciplines and to a deeper understanding of the world order.
{"title":"Elimination of paralogisms of thermodinamics","authors":"V. Etkin","doi":"10.15406/paij.2024.08.00330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/paij.2024.08.00330","url":null,"abstract":"A number of specific examples show that replacing the energy carrier of the thermal form of motion with entropy as a heat transfer coordinate leads to a number of paralogisms, the number of which increases as the scope of application of thermodynamics expands. The epistemological roots of these paralogisms are revealed and a more general measure of the amount of chaotic motion, called a thermal impulse for brevity, is proposed. It is shown how its use instead of entropy eliminates all paralogisms known and discovered by the author, including the prediction of the thermal death of the Universe and the degradation of biological systems. It is concluded that replacing entropy with a thermal impulse opens the way to expanding the capabilities of the thermodynamic method in the study of nonequilibrium systems and non-static processes, to the synthesis of thermodynamics with other fundamental disciplines and to a deeper understanding of the world order.","PeriodicalId":377724,"journal":{"name":"Physics & Astronomy International Journal","volume":"1 1‐2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-16DOI: 10.15406/paij.2024.08.00329
Anatoly I Nikitin
Examples of ball lightning formation at high altitude near a linear lightning channel are considered. A photograph of ball lightning emerging from a linear lightning channel is shown. It is shown that the process of ball lightning formation lasts no more than 30 ms. A model of ball lightning formation due to the action of a magnetic field pulse of a linear lightning current on the ionized volume of space is described. A scheme has been proposed to explain a rare event - the gathering of ball lightning from sparks. Cases of the formation of ball lightning at a large distance from the site of a linear lightning strike, when energy was transferred through wires, are considered. It is noted that the process of formation of such ball lightning and their properties differ markedly from ball lightning appearing near the channel of linear lightning. This made it possible to distinguish these objects into a special type of ball lightning. A model of the process of formation of such ball lightning is described, according to which their core consists of ions flowing from the electrode of an air electrical capacitor (antenna, power line), and the shell material is dust particles. Cases of observation of objects with a size of 50 microns - 1 mm appearing during electrical discharges in water are considered. The analogy of these objects with miniature ball lightning is shown.
{"title":"Birthplace of ball lightning","authors":"Anatoly I Nikitin","doi":"10.15406/paij.2024.08.00329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/paij.2024.08.00329","url":null,"abstract":"Examples of ball lightning formation at high altitude near a linear lightning channel are considered. A photograph of ball lightning emerging from a linear lightning channel is shown. It is shown that the process of ball lightning formation lasts no more than 30 ms. A model of ball lightning formation due to the action of a magnetic field pulse of a linear lightning current on the ionized volume of space is described. A scheme has been proposed to explain a rare event - the gathering of ball lightning from sparks. Cases of the formation of ball lightning at a large distance from the site of a linear lightning strike, when energy was transferred through wires, are considered. It is noted that the process of formation of such ball lightning and their properties differ markedly from ball lightning appearing near the channel of linear lightning. This made it possible to distinguish these objects into a special type of ball lightning. A model of the process of formation of such ball lightning is described, according to which their core consists of ions flowing from the electrode of an air electrical capacitor (antenna, power line), and the shell material is dust particles. Cases of observation of objects with a size of 50 microns - 1 mm appearing during electrical discharges in water are considered. The analogy of these objects with miniature ball lightning is shown.","PeriodicalId":377724,"journal":{"name":"Physics & Astronomy International Journal","volume":"514 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140454016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.15406/paij.2024.08.00327
Policarpo Yōshin Ulianov
This article explores the intricate concept of time, delving into its digital and complex nature. It presents a comprehensive theoretical analysis, revealing how time's multifaceted characteristics are essential for understanding various cosmic phenomena. The study extends to the implications of these properties in the realms of Cosmic Inflation and String Theory, particularly focusing on the accelerated expansion of space. This work aims to offer a deeper perspective on the complex nature of time, enriching the existing theories in Relativity and Cosmology, and providing a novel framework for viewing time beyond traditional interpretations.
{"title":"The meaning of time: A digital, complex variable","authors":"Policarpo Yōshin Ulianov","doi":"10.15406/paij.2024.08.00327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/paij.2024.08.00327","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the intricate concept of time, delving into its digital and complex nature. It presents a comprehensive theoretical analysis, revealing how time's multifaceted characteristics are essential for understanding various cosmic phenomena. The study extends to the implications of these properties in the realms of Cosmic Inflation and String Theory, particularly focusing on the accelerated expansion of space. This work aims to offer a deeper perspective on the complex nature of time, enriching the existing theories in Relativity and Cosmology, and providing a novel framework for viewing time beyond traditional interpretations.","PeriodicalId":377724,"journal":{"name":"Physics & Astronomy International Journal","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140460934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.15406/paij.2024.08.00326
Anatoly I Nikitin
The results of observations are described when ball lightning left material traces in the form of stone, metal balls, and molten metal after disappearing. There are also cases where ball lightning moved heavy objects over long distances: iron cages, people, magnets and even a train. This is explained by an assumption that the attraction of objects to ball lightning proceeds due to their polarization in its electric field and action of the electric field of clouds on it. Events are described when ball lightning dug trenches in wet soil and made deep holes in the ground. An explanation for these actions is given.
{"title":"How does ball lightning work?","authors":"Anatoly I Nikitin","doi":"10.15406/paij.2024.08.00326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/paij.2024.08.00326","url":null,"abstract":"The results of observations are described when ball lightning left material traces in the form of stone, metal balls, and molten metal after disappearing. There are also cases where ball lightning moved heavy objects over long distances: iron cages, people, magnets and even a train. This is explained by an assumption that the attraction of objects to ball lightning proceeds due to their polarization in its electric field and action of the electric field of clouds on it. Events are described when ball lightning dug trenches in wet soil and made deep holes in the ground. An explanation for these actions is given.","PeriodicalId":377724,"journal":{"name":"Physics & Astronomy International Journal","volume":"255 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140500169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.15406/paij.2024.08.00325
Stanislav Konstantinov
The article presents experimental evidence of the dependence of the values of fundamental physical constants on five fundamental interactions, as well as the polarization of the physical vacuum.
文章通过实验证明了基本物理常数的值与五种基本相互作用以及物理真空的极化之间的关系。
{"title":"A new look at the fundamentality of physical constants based on the results of experimental achievements in physics of the 21st Century","authors":"Stanislav Konstantinov","doi":"10.15406/paij.2024.08.00325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/paij.2024.08.00325","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents experimental evidence of the dependence of the values of fundamental physical constants on five fundamental interactions, as well as the polarization of the physical vacuum.","PeriodicalId":377724,"journal":{"name":"Physics & Astronomy International Journal","volume":"313 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.15406/paij.2023.07.00308
Manyika Kabuswa Davy, Daka Alfred, L. K. Matindih, Hamweendo Agripa, D. Mukonda
Among interesting areas of scientific research is the study of the relationship between solar cycle variability and climate change. For centuries now, speculations on the influence of variations in the sunlight intensity on climate have been on going. It is without exaggeration to state that generally the earth has gotten warmer over the past centuries. Over the years, studies have shown that there is a very strong correlation between earth’s surface temperature and sunlight intensity variability. Some scholars argue that the main effect on the weather is not a change in the luminosity of the Sun during the period of maximum activity, but an increase in the flow of charged particles (solar wind). These act on the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere. This action plays a role of the trigger that starts the processes, the energy of which is contained in the Earth’s atmosphere. The periodicity of these processes (hurricanes, floods, epidemics) often correlates with the period of solar activity. Nevertheless, it is quite possible that there may be the processes with a much longer period (hundreds and thousands of years). Some researchers suggest, that the observed increase in the Earth’s temperature is part of this long-term process. Thus, this piece of work compares these two views in an attempt to check the effects of solar cycle variability on climate.
{"title":"A brief overview of solar cycle variability effects on climate","authors":"Manyika Kabuswa Davy, Daka Alfred, L. K. Matindih, Hamweendo Agripa, D. Mukonda","doi":"10.15406/paij.2023.07.00308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/paij.2023.07.00308","url":null,"abstract":"Among interesting areas of scientific research is the study of the relationship between solar cycle variability and climate change. For centuries now, speculations on the influence of variations in the sunlight intensity on climate have been on going. It is without exaggeration to state that generally the earth has gotten warmer over the past centuries. Over the years, studies have shown that there is a very strong correlation between earth’s surface temperature and sunlight intensity variability. Some scholars argue that the main effect on the weather is not a change in the luminosity of the Sun during the period of maximum activity, but an increase in the flow of charged particles (solar wind). These act on the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere. This action plays a role of the trigger that starts the processes, the energy of which is contained in the Earth’s atmosphere. The periodicity of these processes (hurricanes, floods, epidemics) often correlates with the period of solar activity. Nevertheless, it is quite possible that there may be the processes with a much longer period (hundreds and thousands of years). Some researchers suggest, that the observed increase in the Earth’s temperature is part of this long-term process. Thus, this piece of work compares these two views in an attempt to check the effects of solar cycle variability on climate.","PeriodicalId":377724,"journal":{"name":"Physics & Astronomy International Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125494072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.15406/paij.2023.07.00307
Anatoly I. Nikitin
In this paper we study rotational dynamics of a ball lightning. Cases of deceleration and acceleration of rotation are described, which suggests that the cause of rotation may be the internal movement of elements of the ball lightning core. A model for particles separation from the surface of a rotating ball lightning is presented. It is also shown a qualitative explanation of the interaction of rotational moments of the ball lightning core elements, causing a change in the rotation speed of the ball.
{"title":"Rotational dynamics of a ball lightning","authors":"Anatoly I. Nikitin","doi":"10.15406/paij.2023.07.00307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/paij.2023.07.00307","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we study rotational dynamics of a ball lightning. Cases of deceleration and acceleration of rotation are described, which suggests that the cause of rotation may be the internal movement of elements of the ball lightning core. A model for particles separation from the surface of a rotating ball lightning is presented. It is also shown a qualitative explanation of the interaction of rotational moments of the ball lightning core elements, causing a change in the rotation speed of the ball.","PeriodicalId":377724,"journal":{"name":"Physics & Astronomy International Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134150134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.15406/paij.2023.07.00106
S. Akasofu
In this paper, we review solar disturbances (solar flares) and their propagation towards the earth and to the heliosphere. For solar flares, we consider that a photospheric dynamo supplies the power and that high speed streams are caused by the basic solar wind (modified by the solar magnetic field), not from coronal holes. These new views allow us to predict the occurrence of solar flares and the 27-day recurrent storms more accurately than in the past. It is suggested that the explosive aspect of solar flares, the phenomenon, called ‘diparition brusques (DB)’, is the source of coronal mass ejections (CMEs)/magnetic clouds (MCs) and of heliospheric disturbances, namely heliospheric storms. It is also suggested that some CMEs have a magnetically helical structure, which are rooted at the sun. For the inner heliospheric storms, a simple method, called the HAF method, is used to study the propagation of solar disturbances and tested by various simultaneous space probes, such as IMP, HELIOS A, and B for the inner heliosphere. For the middle heliosphere, the same method is tested at a distance 7 au with the Pioneer 11 data; the result is satisfactory. The method is further extended to 100 au in an early 2004; thus, it is possible to envisage the whole heliospheric disturbances over 200 days.
{"title":"Propagation of solar disturbances and heliospheric storms","authors":"S. Akasofu","doi":"10.15406/paij.2023.07.00106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/paij.2023.07.00106","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we review solar disturbances (solar flares) and their propagation towards the earth and to the heliosphere. For solar flares, we consider that a photospheric dynamo supplies the power and that high speed streams are caused by the basic solar wind (modified by the solar magnetic field), not from coronal holes. These new views allow us to predict the occurrence of solar flares and the 27-day recurrent storms more accurately than in the past. It is suggested that the explosive aspect of solar flares, the phenomenon, called ‘diparition brusques (DB)’, is the source of coronal mass ejections (CMEs)/magnetic clouds (MCs) and of heliospheric disturbances, namely heliospheric storms. It is also suggested that some CMEs have a magnetically helical structure, which are rooted at the sun. For the inner heliospheric storms, a simple method, called the HAF method, is used to study the propagation of solar disturbances and tested by various simultaneous space probes, such as IMP, HELIOS A, and B for the inner heliosphere. For the middle heliosphere, the same method is tested at a distance 7 au with the Pioneer 11 data; the result is satisfactory. The method is further extended to 100 au in an early 2004; thus, it is possible to envisage the whole heliospheric disturbances over 200 days.","PeriodicalId":377724,"journal":{"name":"Physics & Astronomy International Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134481942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.15406/paij.2023.07.00304
J. E. Valdés
{"title":"The non-integer local order calculus","authors":"J. E. Valdés","doi":"10.15406/paij.2023.07.00304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/paij.2023.07.00304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":377724,"journal":{"name":"Physics & Astronomy International Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115675052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.15406/paij.2023.07.00305
B. Ganapol, Ó. L. Pouso
The 1D Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) plays a major role in the propagation of light in the universe. It specifically describes small angle scattering of photons (and electrons) as they travel in participating media. In particular, the differential scattering term representing the phase function scattering law enables the small angle scattering. This term also makes the FPE a challenge to solve in the discrete ordinate sense. Our approach utilizes adding and doubling, which has been successfully applied since the 1960s to solve the linear Boltzmann equation. With the help of Morel’s discrete ordinate equivalence of the angular Laplacian, the FPE becomes similar to the discrete ordinates equation of linear transport theory. We then take advantage of the similarity through adding and doubling for its solution.
{"title":"Adding and doubling solution to the 1D Fokker-Planck Equation","authors":"B. Ganapol, Ó. L. Pouso","doi":"10.15406/paij.2023.07.00305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/paij.2023.07.00305","url":null,"abstract":"The 1D Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) plays a major role in the propagation of light in the universe. It specifically describes small angle scattering of photons (and electrons) as they travel in participating media. In particular, the differential scattering term representing the phase function scattering law enables the small angle scattering. This term also makes the FPE a challenge to solve in the discrete ordinate sense. Our approach utilizes adding and doubling, which has been successfully applied since the 1960s to solve the linear Boltzmann equation. With the help of Morel’s discrete ordinate equivalence of the angular Laplacian, the FPE becomes similar to the discrete ordinates equation of linear transport theory. We then take advantage of the similarity through adding and doubling for its solution.","PeriodicalId":377724,"journal":{"name":"Physics & Astronomy International Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131794801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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