Pub Date : 2018-10-14DOI: 10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.025
G. Cirrone, G. Petringa, A. Attili, D. Chiappara, L.Manti, V. Bravatà, D. Margarone, M.Mazzocco, G. Cuttone
A work recently published experimentally demonstrates an increase in the radiobiological efficacy of clinical proton beams when a tumour is treated in the presence of a concentration of 11B. The paper, for the first time, demonstrates the potential role of the p+11B to 3{alpha} (for brevity, p-B) reaction in the biological enhancement of proton therapy effectiveness. The work reports robust experimental data in terms of clonogenic cell survival and chromosomal aberrations and unambiguously shows the presence of an enhancement when cells were exposed to a clinical proton beam subject to treatment with sodium boroncaptate (BSH). Moreover, the greater occurrence of complex-type chromosomal exchanges points to the effect as due radiation of a LET (Linear Energy Transfer) greater than that of protons alone, possibly the alpha particles generated by the reaction. At the same time, we emphasized that analytical calculations, performed on the basis of the well-known total production cross section data, are not able to explain the effect in a macroscopic way, i.e. solely in terms of a trivial increase in the total dose released in the cells by the alpha-particles. In this paper, thanks to simulations and analytical calculations, we will discuss the theoretically expected alpha particle yield and the corresponding LET and RBE (Relative Biological Effectiveness) increase related to the 11B presence. We conclude that a mere calculation based on the classical concepts of integral Dose, and average LET and RBE cannot be used to justify the observed radiobiological phenomena. We, therefore, suggest that micro- and nano-dosimetric aspects must be taken into account.
{"title":"STUDY OF THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN ANALYTICAL CALCULATIONS AND THE OBSERVED BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS IN PROTON BORON CAPTURE THERAPY (PBCT)","authors":"G. Cirrone, G. Petringa, A. Attili, D. Chiappara, L.Manti, V. Bravatà, D. Margarone, M.Mazzocco, G. Cuttone","doi":"10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"A work recently published experimentally demonstrates an increase in the radiobiological efficacy of clinical proton beams when a tumour is treated in the presence of a concentration of 11B. The paper, for the first time, demonstrates the potential role of the p+11B to 3{alpha} (for brevity, p-B) reaction in the biological enhancement of proton therapy effectiveness. The work reports robust experimental data in terms of clonogenic cell survival and chromosomal aberrations and unambiguously shows the presence of an enhancement when cells were exposed to a clinical proton beam subject to treatment with sodium boroncaptate (BSH). Moreover, the greater occurrence of complex-type chromosomal exchanges points to the effect as due radiation of a LET (Linear Energy Transfer) greater than that of protons alone, possibly the alpha particles generated by the reaction. At the same time, we emphasized that analytical calculations, performed on the basis of the well-known total production cross section data, are not able to explain the effect in a macroscopic way, i.e. solely in terms of a trivial increase in the total dose released in the cells by the alpha-particles. In this paper, thanks to simulations and analytical calculations, we will discuss the theoretically expected alpha particle yield and the corresponding LET and RBE (Relative Biological Effectiveness) increase related to the 11B presence. We conclude that a mere calculation based on the classical concepts of integral Dose, and average LET and RBE cannot be used to justify the observed radiobiological phenomena. We, therefore, suggest that micro- and nano-dosimetric aspects must be taken into account.","PeriodicalId":378032,"journal":{"name":"RAD Association Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123778159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.029
G. Gorine, G. Pezzullo, M. Moll, M. Capeans, Katja Väyrynen, M. Ritala, D. Bouvet, F. Ravotti, J. Sallese
{"title":"METAL THIN-FILM DOSIMETRY TECHNOLOGY FOR THE ULTRA-HIGH PARTICLE FLUENCE ENVIRONMENT OF THE FUTURE CIRCULAR COLLIDER AT CERN","authors":"G. Gorine, G. Pezzullo, M. Moll, M. Capeans, Katja Väyrynen, M. Ritala, D. Bouvet, F. Ravotti, J. Sallese","doi":"10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378032,"journal":{"name":"RAD Association Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129945484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.034
K. Velichkova, D. Krezhova
. Leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content, at the leaf and canopy level, is an important biochemical parameter because of its crucial role in photosynthesis and in plant functioning. Furthermore, it provides an indication of the plant nutritional state and stress. Due to the reliable, rapid, and non-destructive advantages, hyperspectral remote sensing plays a significant role in monitoring and assessing the plant biophysical variables. In this study, a set of Chl-related vegetation indices (VIs) derived from the leaf reflectance data of young pepper plants infected by Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) were tested for estimating the changes in the Chl content and plant status. Hyperspectral reflectance data were collected by means of a portable fiber-optics spectrometer in the spectral range of 350-1100 nm. The effect of two growth regulators, MEIA (beta-monomethyl ester of itaconic acid) and ВТН (benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid-S-methyl ester), on the Chl content and respectively on the development of the viral infection was investigated too. Four categories VIs: normalized difference (ND) VIs; simple ratio (SR) VIs; single-band reflectance or simple difference (SD) VIs, and some other forms of VIs, were tested using statistical analyses (ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer’s tests) to explore their potentials in the Chl content estimation. To enhance the sensitivity of the VIs, modified VIs were tested in some other combinations of narrow bands. The statistical analyses showed that the Modified Red Edge Simple Ratio (MRESR) index, Vogelmann Red Edge index (VREI1), and Pigment index (PI) were most sensitive to the Chl content changes. The Normalized Difference VI (NDVI) and Triangular Vegetation Index (TVI) turned out to be insensitive to Chl variations. The rest of the VIs were responsible for Chl variations but with less sensitivity.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HYPERSPECTRAL VEGETATION INDICES FOR REMOTE ESTIMATION OF LEAF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT AND PLANT STATUS","authors":"K. Velichkova, D. Krezhova","doi":"10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.034","url":null,"abstract":". Leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content, at the leaf and canopy level, is an important biochemical parameter because of its crucial role in photosynthesis and in plant functioning. Furthermore, it provides an indication of the plant nutritional state and stress. Due to the reliable, rapid, and non-destructive advantages, hyperspectral remote sensing plays a significant role in monitoring and assessing the plant biophysical variables. In this study, a set of Chl-related vegetation indices (VIs) derived from the leaf reflectance data of young pepper plants infected by Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) were tested for estimating the changes in the Chl content and plant status. Hyperspectral reflectance data were collected by means of a portable fiber-optics spectrometer in the spectral range of 350-1100 nm. The effect of two growth regulators, MEIA (beta-monomethyl ester of itaconic acid) and ВТН (benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid-S-methyl ester), on the Chl content and respectively on the development of the viral infection was investigated too. Four categories VIs: normalized difference (ND) VIs; simple ratio (SR) VIs; single-band reflectance or simple difference (SD) VIs, and some other forms of VIs, were tested using statistical analyses (ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer’s tests) to explore their potentials in the Chl content estimation. To enhance the sensitivity of the VIs, modified VIs were tested in some other combinations of narrow bands. The statistical analyses showed that the Modified Red Edge Simple Ratio (MRESR) index, Vogelmann Red Edge index (VREI1), and Pigment index (PI) were most sensitive to the Chl content changes. The Normalized Difference VI (NDVI) and Triangular Vegetation Index (TVI) turned out to be insensitive to Chl variations. The rest of the VIs were responsible for Chl variations but with less sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":378032,"journal":{"name":"RAD Association Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130312212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.031
N. Koltovaya, K. Lyubimova, N. Zhuchkina
. We have investigated the biological effects induced by different accelerated ions ( 4 He, 11 B, 12 C, 15 N, and 20 Ne) with different energies and linear energy transfers (LETs) and determined their relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for lethal damage and gene mutations. In particular, base pair substitution induction by ionizing radiation in haploid and diploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied. We have detected the GC-AT transition in the haploid strain and the AT-TA transversion in the diploid strain. The RBE dependence on LET for lethal mutations is described by a curve with a local maximum at LET of about 100 keV/μm. It is shown that the mutation frequency increases with increasing the dose up to 1000 Gy for diploid cells irradiated by different ions. A decrease in RBE with increasing LET has been observed for diploid cells. However, for haploid cells irradiated at doses of up to 100 Gy, the curves seem to have a plateau. The RBE dependence on LET for haploid cells is different and also has a plateau. But for substitution induction in haploid cells, an ion beam with a high LET (177 keV/μm) is less mutagenic than the one with a low LET (44–127 keV/μm). Therefore, we have obtained different biological effects of accelerated ions for haploid and diploid cells.
{"title":"GENETIC EFFECTS AFTER HEAVY ION IRRADIATION OF HAPLOID AND DIPLOID YEAST CELLS","authors":"N. Koltovaya, K. Lyubimova, N. Zhuchkina","doi":"10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.031","url":null,"abstract":". We have investigated the biological effects induced by different accelerated ions ( 4 He, 11 B, 12 C, 15 N, and 20 Ne) with different energies and linear energy transfers (LETs) and determined their relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for lethal damage and gene mutations. In particular, base pair substitution induction by ionizing radiation in haploid and diploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied. We have detected the GC-AT transition in the haploid strain and the AT-TA transversion in the diploid strain. The RBE dependence on LET for lethal mutations is described by a curve with a local maximum at LET of about 100 keV/μm. It is shown that the mutation frequency increases with increasing the dose up to 1000 Gy for diploid cells irradiated by different ions. A decrease in RBE with increasing LET has been observed for diploid cells. However, for haploid cells irradiated at doses of up to 100 Gy, the curves seem to have a plateau. The RBE dependence on LET for haploid cells is different and also has a plateau. But for substitution induction in haploid cells, an ion beam with a high LET (177 keV/μm) is less mutagenic than the one with a low LET (44–127 keV/μm). Therefore, we have obtained different biological effects of accelerated ions for haploid and diploid cells.","PeriodicalId":378032,"journal":{"name":"RAD Association Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116271100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.032
A. Alexandrov, L. A. Solestizi, G. Ambrosi, S. Argirò, R. Diaz, N. Bartosik, G. Battistoni, N. Belcari, E. Bellinzona, S. Bianucci, S. Biondi, M. Bisogni, G. Bruni, N. Camarlinghi, P. Carra, P. Cerello, E. Ciarrocchi, A. Clozza, S. Colombi, G. Lellis, A. Guerra, M. D. Simoni, A. Crescenzo, M. Donetti, Y. Dong, M. Durante, A. Embriaco, M. Emde, R. Faccini, V. Ferrero, F. Ferroni, E. Fiandrini, C. Finck, E. Fiorina, M. Fischetti, M. Francesconi, M. Franchini, G. Galati, L. Galli, M. Garbini, V. Gentile, G. Giraudo, R. Hetzel, E. Iarocci, M. Ionica, K. Kanxheri, A. Kraan, V. Lante, A. Lauria, C. Tessa, E. Torres, M. Marafini, I. Mattei, A. Mengarelli, R. Mirabelli, A. Moggi, M. C. Montesi, M. Morone, M. Morrocchi, S. Muraro, L. Narici, A. Pastore, N. Pastrone, V. Patera, F. Pennazio, P. Placidi, M. Pullia, F. Raffaeli, L. Ramello, R. Ridolfi, V. Rosso, M. Rovituso, C. Sanelli, A. Sarti, G. Sartorelli, O. Sato, S. Savazzi, L. Scavarda, A. Schiavi, C. Schuy, E. Scifoni, A. Sciubba, A. Sécher, M. Selvi, L. Serv
. Charged Particle Therapy (CPT) is a powerful radiotherapy technique for the treatment of deep-seated tumours characterized by a large dose released in the Bragg peak area (corresponding to the tumour region) and a small dose delivered to the surrounding healthy tissues. The precise measurement of the fragments produced in the nuclear interactions of charged particle beams with patient tissues is a crucial task to improve the clinical treatment plans. The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment is an international project, funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), aimed to study the dose released by the tissues and particle beams fragmentation. The target ( 16 O, 12 C) fragmentation induced by 150-400 MeV/n proton beams will be studied via the inverse kinematic approach, where 16 O and 12 C therapeutic beams collide on graphite and hydrocarbon target to provide the cross section on Hydrogen. A table-top detector is being developed and it includes a drift chamber as a beam monitor upstream of the target to measure the beam direction, a magnetic spectrometer based on silicon pixel and strip detectors, a scintillating crystal calorimeter able to stop the heavier produced fragments, and a ∆E detector, with TOF capability , for the particle identification. A setup based on the concept of the “Emulsion Cloud Chamber”, coupled with the interaction region of the electronic FOOT setup, will complement the physics program by measuring lighter charged fragments to extend the angular acceptance up to about 70 degrees. In this work, the experimental design and the requirements of the FOOT experiment will be discussed and preliminary results on the emulsion spectrometer tests will be presented.
{"title":"THE FOOT EXPERIMENT: FRAGMENTATION MEASUREMENTS IN PARTICLE THERAPY","authors":"A. Alexandrov, L. A. Solestizi, G. Ambrosi, S. Argirò, R. Diaz, N. Bartosik, G. Battistoni, N. Belcari, E. Bellinzona, S. Bianucci, S. Biondi, M. Bisogni, G. Bruni, N. Camarlinghi, P. Carra, P. Cerello, E. Ciarrocchi, A. Clozza, S. Colombi, G. Lellis, A. Guerra, M. D. Simoni, A. Crescenzo, M. Donetti, Y. Dong, M. Durante, A. Embriaco, M. Emde, R. Faccini, V. Ferrero, F. Ferroni, E. Fiandrini, C. Finck, E. Fiorina, M. Fischetti, M. Francesconi, M. Franchini, G. Galati, L. Galli, M. Garbini, V. Gentile, G. Giraudo, R. Hetzel, E. Iarocci, M. Ionica, K. Kanxheri, A. Kraan, V. Lante, A. Lauria, C. Tessa, E. Torres, M. Marafini, I. Mattei, A. Mengarelli, R. Mirabelli, A. Moggi, M. C. Montesi, M. Morone, M. Morrocchi, S. Muraro, L. Narici, A. Pastore, N. Pastrone, V. Patera, F. Pennazio, P. Placidi, M. Pullia, F. Raffaeli, L. Ramello, R. Ridolfi, V. Rosso, M. Rovituso, C. Sanelli, A. Sarti, G. Sartorelli, O. Sato, S. Savazzi, L. Scavarda, A. Schiavi, C. Schuy, E. Scifoni, A. Sciubba, A. Sécher, M. Selvi, L. Serv","doi":"10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.032","url":null,"abstract":". Charged Particle Therapy (CPT) is a powerful radiotherapy technique for the treatment of deep-seated tumours characterized by a large dose released in the Bragg peak area (corresponding to the tumour region) and a small dose delivered to the surrounding healthy tissues. The precise measurement of the fragments produced in the nuclear interactions of charged particle beams with patient tissues is a crucial task to improve the clinical treatment plans. The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment is an international project, funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), aimed to study the dose released by the tissues and particle beams fragmentation. The target ( 16 O, 12 C) fragmentation induced by 150-400 MeV/n proton beams will be studied via the inverse kinematic approach, where 16 O and 12 C therapeutic beams collide on graphite and hydrocarbon target to provide the cross section on Hydrogen. A table-top detector is being developed and it includes a drift chamber as a beam monitor upstream of the target to measure the beam direction, a magnetic spectrometer based on silicon pixel and strip detectors, a scintillating crystal calorimeter able to stop the heavier produced fragments, and a ∆E detector, with TOF capability , for the particle identification. A setup based on the concept of the “Emulsion Cloud Chamber”, coupled with the interaction region of the electronic FOOT setup, will complement the physics program by measuring lighter charged fragments to extend the angular acceptance up to about 70 degrees. In this work, the experimental design and the requirements of the FOOT experiment will be discussed and preliminary results on the emulsion spectrometer tests will be presented.","PeriodicalId":378032,"journal":{"name":"RAD Association Journal","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116373684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.030
F. Capua, M. Campajola, D. Fiore, C. Nappi, E. Sarnelli, V. Izzo
. In this paper, we investigated the discrete switching of the Dark Count Rate between two or more levels in Single-Photon Avalanche Diode devices. This phenomenon, known as Random Telegraph Signal, is related to the density and distribution of defects in the semiconductor lattice and oxides. In this paper, we focused on a test chip containing SPADs with different architectures designed and implemented in 150-nm CMOS technology. The occurrence probability of the Random Telegraph Signal for proton-irradiated devices has been measured as a function of temperature for different SPAD layouts.
{"title":"PROTON IRRADIATION EFFECTS ON SINGLE-PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODES","authors":"F. Capua, M. Campajola, D. Fiore, C. Nappi, E. Sarnelli, V. Izzo","doi":"10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21175/RADJ.2018.03.030","url":null,"abstract":". In this paper, we investigated the discrete switching of the Dark Count Rate between two or more levels in Single-Photon Avalanche Diode devices. This phenomenon, known as Random Telegraph Signal, is related to the density and distribution of defects in the semiconductor lattice and oxides. In this paper, we focused on a test chip containing SPADs with different architectures designed and implemented in 150-nm CMOS technology. The occurrence probability of the Random Telegraph Signal for proton-irradiated devices has been measured as a function of temperature for different SPAD layouts.","PeriodicalId":378032,"journal":{"name":"RAD Association Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123330754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21175/RADJ.2018.02.016
M. Ferrari, A. Donzella, A. Zenoni, A. Avanzini, Davide Battini, F. Bignotti, G. Donzella, S. Pandini, Andrighetto Alberto, L. Centofante, Corradetti Stefano, Ballan Michele, Borgna Francesca, D'Agostini Fabio, Manzolaro Mattia, M. Alberto, Rossignoli Massimo, S. Daniele, Turcato Davide
SPES is a new generation ISOL facility for the production of intense Radioactive Ion Beams by fission reactions at high rate. Two main topics related to the management of SPES as an intense neutron source are here discussed: the radiation resistance of polymeric components used for its construction and the residual activation of the system after machine shutdown. Radiation effects on elastomeric O-rings and lubricating grease are experimentally investigated to assure reliable operation of the facility and safe post-operation management. Experimental protocols have been developed to irradiate samples in a neutron and gamma facility of a TRIGA Mark II nuclear research reactor. Based on the results of post-irradiation mechanical tests, the most radiationresistant products are selected. A case study is dedicated to the life prediction of the O-ring of a SPES gate valve. Moreover, extensive Monte Carlo calculations are performed to evaluate the residual radioactivity of the facility after operation. The outcomes represent useful inputs to plan inspection and maintenance during the facility shutdown.
SPES是利用裂变反应产生高速率强放射性离子束的新一代ISOL设备。本文讨论了与SPES作为强中子源的管理相关的两个主要问题:用于SPES结构的聚合物组分的耐辐射性能和机器关闭后系统的剩余激活。实验研究了辐射对弹性o型圈和润滑脂的影响，以确保设施的可靠运行和安全的事后管理。已经制定了在TRIGA Mark II型核研究反应堆的中子和伽马设施中照射样品的实验方案。根据辐照后力学试验结果，选择抗辐射性能最好的产品。以某型SPES闸阀o形圈寿命预测为例进行了研究。此外，还进行了广泛的蒙特卡罗计算，以评估运行后设施的残余放射性。这些结果为设施关闭期间的检查和维护计划提供了有用的输入。
{"title":"THE SPES FACILITY AS AN INTENSE NEUTRON SOURCE: RADIATION RESISTANCE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS AND RESIDUAL ACTIVATION CALCULATIONS","authors":"M. Ferrari, A. Donzella, A. Zenoni, A. Avanzini, Davide Battini, F. Bignotti, G. Donzella, S. Pandini, Andrighetto Alberto, L. Centofante, Corradetti Stefano, Ballan Michele, Borgna Francesca, D'Agostini Fabio, Manzolaro Mattia, M. Alberto, Rossignoli Massimo, S. Daniele, Turcato Davide","doi":"10.21175/RADJ.2018.02.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21175/RADJ.2018.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"SPES is a new generation ISOL facility for the production of intense Radioactive Ion Beams by fission reactions at high rate. Two main topics related to the management of SPES as an intense neutron source are here discussed: the radiation resistance of polymeric components used for its construction and the residual activation of the system after machine shutdown. Radiation effects on elastomeric O-rings and lubricating grease are experimentally investigated to assure reliable operation of the facility and safe post-operation management. Experimental protocols have been developed to irradiate samples in a neutron and gamma facility of a TRIGA Mark II nuclear research reactor. Based on the results of post-irradiation mechanical tests, the most radiationresistant products are selected. A case study is dedicated to the life prediction of the O-ring of a SPES gate valve. Moreover, extensive Monte Carlo calculations are performed to evaluate the residual radioactivity of the facility after operation. The outcomes represent useful inputs to plan inspection and maintenance during the facility shutdown.","PeriodicalId":378032,"journal":{"name":"RAD Association Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123886491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21175/radj.2018.03.026
M. Zhukovsky, Hesham MH Zakaly
The purpose was to assess the behavior of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) and their fragments labeled by 89Zr after injecting them into the human body for the purpose of positron emission tomography (PET), as well as to assess absorbed doses in organs and tissues with maximum radiation exposure. The biokinetic model has been built on the base reference data about the behavior of MAb and their fragments and on the literature data on the excretion of chelate complexes from the human body. The cumulative activity of 89Zr in organs and tissues per Bq of administered activity was calculated. For the most exposed organs, average absorbed doses for organs and tissues were calculated. The organs which had the highest doses, when 89Zr was injected into the human body associated with intact monoclonal antibodies, are the spleen, the liver, and the heart wall. The estimated doses on these organs are 1.69, 1.48 and 1.08 mGy/MBq, respectively. When the injection associated with the fragments of monoclonal antibodies is considered, the most exposed organs are the kidneys with the doses of 0.939 mGy/MBq for F(ab’)) and 0.920 mGy/MBq for F(ab')2.
{"title":"DOSE COEFFICIENTS FOR MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS LABELED BY ZIRCONIUM-89","authors":"M. Zhukovsky, Hesham MH Zakaly","doi":"10.21175/radj.2018.03.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21175/radj.2018.03.026","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose was to assess the behavior of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) and their fragments labeled by 89Zr after injecting them into the human body for the purpose of positron emission tomography (PET), as well as to assess absorbed doses in organs and tissues with maximum radiation exposure. The biokinetic model has been built on the base reference data about the behavior of MAb and their fragments and on the literature data on the excretion of chelate complexes from the human body. The cumulative activity of 89Zr in organs and tissues per Bq of administered activity was calculated. For the most exposed organs, average absorbed doses for organs and tissues were calculated. The organs which had the highest doses, when 89Zr was injected into the human body associated with intact monoclonal antibodies, are the spleen, the liver, and the heart wall. The estimated doses on these organs are 1.69, 1.48 and 1.08 mGy/MBq, respectively. When the injection associated with the fragments of monoclonal antibodies is considered, the most exposed organs are the kidneys with the doses of 0.939 mGy/MBq for F(ab’)) and 0.920 mGy/MBq for F(ab')2.","PeriodicalId":378032,"journal":{"name":"RAD Association Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127862729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21175/radj.2018.03.027
L. Aslamova, I. Kulich, O. Nasvit, N. Melenevska
. The term ‘Safety Culture’ was first defined in 1986. Nowadays it is introduced into all areas of activities with ionizing radiation sources. The importance of Safety Culture for medical applications mirrors rapid penetration of cutting-edge technologies in the field of medical equipment, hence the need to involve extremely competent personnel. Medical physicist and doctor bear joint responsibility for the quality of healthcare services. In Ukraine, it is increasingly recognized that national education system combined with formal certification schemes for the recognition of the expertise and competence play an important role to ensure the professionalism of individual practitioners in medical physics. National regulatory framework needs to be amended and updated to ensure an effective introduction of ‘Safety Culture’ into professional and regulation practice.
{"title":"SAFETY CULTURE AS A KEY ISSUE OF RADIATION SAFETY IN MEDICAL ACTIVITIES WITH IONIZING RADIATION SOURCES","authors":"L. Aslamova, I. Kulich, O. Nasvit, N. Melenevska","doi":"10.21175/radj.2018.03.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21175/radj.2018.03.027","url":null,"abstract":". The term ‘Safety Culture’ was first defined in 1986. Nowadays it is introduced into all areas of activities with ionizing radiation sources. The importance of Safety Culture for medical applications mirrors rapid penetration of cutting-edge technologies in the field of medical equipment, hence the need to involve extremely competent personnel. Medical physicist and doctor bear joint responsibility for the quality of healthcare services. In Ukraine, it is increasingly recognized that national education system combined with formal certification schemes for the recognition of the expertise and competence play an important role to ensure the professionalism of individual practitioners in medical physics. National regulatory framework needs to be amended and updated to ensure an effective introduction of ‘Safety Culture’ into professional and regulation practice.","PeriodicalId":378032,"journal":{"name":"RAD Association Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115437323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21175/radj.2018.03.028
Viktors Ivanovs, S. Gushchin, Valerijs Ivanovs, V. Fjodorovs, D. Kuznecovs, A. Loutchanski, V. Ogorodniks
Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) coupled with various scintillators are currently used as gammaradiation detectors for different applications. Many tasks require the ability to use detectors in environments with varying operating temperatures. However, the profound dependences of the characteristics of both SiPMs and scintillators on temperature make it difficult to use these detectors in such environmental conditions. The gain of an SiPM increases with increases in bias voltage, and it decreases with increases in temperature; however, the scintillator’s light yield may increase and/or decrease with temperature, depending on the type of scintillator used. Such temperature dependence makes it necessary to use special techniques for the stabilization of the detector parameters. We proposed and tested a method and an electronic module for compensating for the temperature instabilities of the gain of an SiPM and the light output of BGO and CsI(Tl) scintillators. Our method is based on the application of the SiPM biasing power supply that is controlled and managed by the microprocessor. The calibration data of the temperature dependence of a photo peak (662 keV) are stored in the microprocessor memory. The exact value of the bias voltage for each temperature is calculated by the formula of the 5th-degree polynomial. This method achieved a high accuracy of the photo peak position stabilization in the tested operation temperature range (-200C +500C). The test results of the SiPM-based gamma-radiation BGO and CsI(Tl) scintillation detectors as well as the results of their practical applications in medical surgical probes are presented.
{"title":"TEMPERATURE STABILIZATION OF SiPM-BASED GAMMA-RADIATION SCINTILLATION DETECTORS","authors":"Viktors Ivanovs, S. Gushchin, Valerijs Ivanovs, V. Fjodorovs, D. Kuznecovs, A. Loutchanski, V. Ogorodniks","doi":"10.21175/radj.2018.03.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21175/radj.2018.03.028","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) coupled with various scintillators are currently used as gammaradiation detectors for different applications. Many tasks require the ability to use detectors in environments with varying operating temperatures. However, the profound dependences of the characteristics of both SiPMs and scintillators on temperature make it difficult to use these detectors in such environmental conditions. The gain of an SiPM increases with increases in bias voltage, and it decreases with increases in temperature; however, the scintillator’s light yield may increase and/or decrease with temperature, depending on the type of scintillator used. Such temperature dependence makes it necessary to use special techniques for the stabilization of the detector parameters. We proposed and tested a method and an electronic module for compensating for the temperature instabilities of the gain of an SiPM and the light output of BGO and CsI(Tl) scintillators. Our method is based on the application of the SiPM biasing power supply that is controlled and managed by the microprocessor. The calibration data of the temperature dependence of a photo peak (662 keV) are stored in the microprocessor memory. The exact value of the bias voltage for each temperature is calculated by the formula of the 5th-degree polynomial. This method achieved a high accuracy of the photo peak position stabilization in the tested operation temperature range (-200C +500C). The test results of the SiPM-based gamma-radiation BGO and CsI(Tl) scintillation detectors as well as the results of their practical applications in medical surgical probes are presented.","PeriodicalId":378032,"journal":{"name":"RAD Association Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117128232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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