Advanced pressurized water reactors are the main part of a new generation of nuclear power plant projects under development that provide cost-effective power production for various needs (Yemelyanov et al. 1982, Klimov 2002, Boyko et al. 2005, Baklushin 2011, Bays et al. 2019, Nuclear Technology Review 2019). The innovative technologies are aimed at improving the safety and reliability as well as at reducing the cost of NPPs. At the same time, improvements in design, technological and layout solutions are focused primarily on the reactor core. Assessments of the efficiency of these improvements are preceded by numerical simulations of the processes in the core, in particular heat generation and sink, with account for the difference between the study object and the standard version tested in operational practice. The authors of the article propose a method for calculating the temperature field in the core of a heterogeneous reactor (using the example of a pressurized water reactor), which makes it possible to quickly assess the level of temperature safety of various changes in the core and has the necessary speed for analyzing transients in real time. This method is based on the energy equation for an equivalent homogeneous core in the form of a heat equation that takes into account the main features of the simulated heterogeneous structure. The procedure for recovering the temperature field of a heterogeneous reactor uses the analytical relation obtained in this work for the heat sink function, taking into account inter-fuel element heat leakage losses. Calculations of temperature fields in the model of the PWR type reactor (The Westinghouse Pressurized Water Reactor Nuclear Plant 1984) were carried out in stationary and transient operating modes. The calculation results were compared with the results of CFD simulation. The area of competing use of the temperature field recovery method was indicated.
{"title":"Real-Time Temperature Field Recovery of a Heterogeneous Reactor Based on the Results of Calculations in a Homogeneous Core","authors":"V. S. Kuzevanov, S. K. Podgorny","doi":"10.26583/npe.2022.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26583/npe.2022.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced pressurized water reactors are the main part of a new generation of nuclear power plant projects under development that provide cost-effective power production for various needs (Yemelyanov et al. 1982, Klimov 2002, Boyko et al. 2005, Baklushin 2011, Bays et al. 2019, Nuclear Technology Review 2019). The innovative technologies are aimed at improving the safety and reliability as well as at reducing the cost of NPPs. At the same time, improvements in design, technological and layout solutions are focused primarily on the reactor core. Assessments of the efficiency of these improvements are preceded by numerical simulations of the processes in the core, in particular heat generation and sink, with account for the difference between the study object and the standard version tested in operational practice.\u0000 The authors of the article propose a method for calculating the temperature field in the core of a heterogeneous reactor (using the example of a pressurized water reactor), which makes it possible to quickly assess the level of temperature safety of various changes in the core and has the necessary speed for analyzing transients in real time.\u0000 This method is based on the energy equation for an equivalent homogeneous core in the form of a heat equation that takes into account the main features of the simulated heterogeneous structure. The procedure for recovering the temperature field of a heterogeneous reactor uses the analytical relation obtained in this work for the heat sink function, taking into account inter-fuel element heat leakage losses.\u0000 Calculations of temperature fields in the model of the PWR type reactor (The Westinghouse Pressurized Water Reactor Nuclear Plant 1984) were carried out in stationary and transient operating modes. The calculation results were compared with the results of CFD simulation. The area of competing use of the temperature field recovery method was indicated.","PeriodicalId":37826,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Wysshikh Uchebnykh Zawedeniy, Yadernaya Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85955699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors consider phenomena that have signs of ‘cliff edge effects’ according to the definitions of the IAEA and NP-001-15: (1) degradation of the protective barrier (fuel rod claddings in surface boiling mode with the deposition of impurities and borates on their surface and heating of the claddings) and (2) departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) on the fuel rod claddings. Despite the fact that the first phenomenon was previously unknown, the safety of the power unit is ensured by the decisions adopted in the project. The DNB was studied and measures were taken in the project to prevent it under normal operating conditions and anticipated operational occurrences. The protection against the DNB is also obviously ensured by reducing the reactor power due to the control systems and reactor scram. These phenomena do not reach the state of ‘cliff edge effects’ (according to the terminology of the IAEA and federal NPs of the Russian Federation) and are prevented at the initial stages. For a small-size reactor using dispersive fuel, it is possible to provide self-protection against the DNB, namely, due to partial washout of the fuel with the insertion of negative reactivity, followed by a decrease in power and termination of the crisis.
{"title":"«Cliff Edge Effects» in Safety Justification and Operation of NPP Units","authors":"Valentin Mikhailovich Makhin, Anatoly Konstantinovich Podshibyakin","doi":"10.26583/npe.2022.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26583/npe.2022.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"The authors consider phenomena that have signs of ‘cliff edge effects’ according to the definitions of the IAEA and NP-001-15: (1) degradation of the protective barrier (fuel rod claddings in surface boiling mode with the deposition of impurities and borates on their surface and heating of the claddings) and (2) departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) on the fuel rod claddings. Despite the fact that the first phenomenon was previously unknown, the safety of the power unit is ensured by the decisions adopted in the project.\u0000 The DNB was studied and measures were taken in the project to prevent it under normal operating conditions and anticipated operational occurrences. The protection against the DNB is also obviously ensured by reducing the reactor power due to the control systems and reactor scram. These phenomena do not reach the state of ‘cliff edge effects’ (according to the terminology of the IAEA and federal NPs of the Russian Federation) and are prevented at the initial stages. For a small-size reactor using dispersive fuel, it is possible to provide self-protection against the DNB, namely, due to partial washout of the fuel with the insertion of negative reactivity, followed by a decrease in power and termination of the crisis.","PeriodicalId":37826,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Wysshikh Uchebnykh Zawedeniy, Yadernaya Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73503378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Innovative Scientific and Technological Center «Park of Nuclear and Medical Technologies»: Innovation, Business and Training","authors":"T. N. Leonova","doi":"10.26583/npe.2022.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26583/npe.2022.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37826,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Wysshikh Uchebnykh Zawedeniy, Yadernaya Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83338244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Troyanov, G. Toshinsky, V. S. Stepanov, V. Petrochenko
{"title":"Lead-Bismuth Cooled Reactors: History of Development and Prospects for Evolution. Part 2: Prospects for Evolution","authors":"V. Troyanov, G. Toshinsky, V. S. Stepanov, V. Petrochenko","doi":"10.26583/npe.2022.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26583/npe.2022.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37826,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Wysshikh Uchebnykh Zawedeniy, Yadernaya Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82271263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Nazarov, Aleksandr Vasilievich Kruzhalov, Maksim Evgenievich Vasyanovich, A. Ekidin, V. V. Kukarskikh, E. Parkhomchuk, Aleksey Valentinovich Petrozhitsky, Vasily Vasilievich Parkhomchuk
14C is naturally and artificially occurred radionuclide presented in atmosphere. 14C is produced during the operation of a nuclear reactor of any type, enters the atmosphere and became a part of carbon cycle. The article presents the results of measuring the concentration of 14C in the tree rings of 10 pines in the area of the Beloyarsk NPP (BelNPP) and the Institute of Nuclear Materials (INM), Zarechny. The sampling site, located 1200 m east of the INM, was selected based on long-term observations of meteorological parameters. The measurements were carried out using the accelerator mass spectrometer of the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk. The influence of the operation of nuclear installations on the concentration of 14C in the atmospheric air is demonstrated. The range of values for the concentration of carbon-14 in the sample ranged from 116.0 ± 4.4 to 192.0 ± 8.5 pMC.
{"title":"14C in Tree Rings in the Vicinity of the Nuclear Facility Deployment Areas","authors":"E. Nazarov, Aleksandr Vasilievich Kruzhalov, Maksim Evgenievich Vasyanovich, A. Ekidin, V. V. Kukarskikh, E. Parkhomchuk, Aleksey Valentinovich Petrozhitsky, Vasily Vasilievich Parkhomchuk","doi":"10.26583/npe.2022.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26583/npe.2022.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"14C is naturally and artificially occurred radionuclide presented in atmosphere. 14C is produced during the operation of a nuclear reactor of any type, enters the atmosphere and became a part of carbon cycle. The article presents the results of measuring the concentration of 14C in the tree rings of 10 pines in the area of the Beloyarsk NPP (BelNPP) and the Institute of Nuclear Materials (INM), Zarechny. The sampling site, located 1200 m east of the INM, was selected based on long-term observations of meteorological parameters. The measurements were carried out using the accelerator mass spectrometer of the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk. The influence of the operation of nuclear installations on the concentration of 14C in the atmospheric air is demonstrated. The range of values for the concentration of carbon-14 in the sample ranged from 116.0 ± 4.4 to 192.0 ± 8.5 pMC.","PeriodicalId":37826,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Wysshikh Uchebnykh Zawedeniy, Yadernaya Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89048172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksey Vladimirovich Lavronenko, Vyacheslav Gennadievich Savankov, R. A. Vnukov, Elena Aleksandrovna Chistozvonova
the Abstract This article presents the results of neutronic calculations of a VVER-1200 fuel assembly carried out using the multi-pur-pose three-dimensional continuous-energy Monte Carlo particle transport code Serpent 2. The study compares neutronic characteristics during the fuel burnup process (1) with and (2) without fuel cooling. In the first option, the FA fuel campaign was simulated with 30-day cooling periods between reactor campaigns. The second option assumed simu-lating the FA fuel campaign without fuel cooling. In the course of the study, the authors determined the infinite neutron multiplication factors as well as the fuel burnup dependence of the concentrations of xenon, samarium and gadolinium nuclides. In addition, it should be noted that no differences were found in the change in the concentration of gadolinium isotopes, the discrepancy in the values of the multiplication factor, and the accumulation of samarium isotopes during the campaign.
{"title":"Comparison of Methods for Calculating the Neutronic Characteristics of a VVER-1200 Fuel Assembly","authors":"Aleksey Vladimirovich Lavronenko, Vyacheslav Gennadievich Savankov, R. A. Vnukov, Elena Aleksandrovna Chistozvonova","doi":"10.26583/npe.2022.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26583/npe.2022.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"the Abstract This article presents the results of neutronic calculations of a VVER-1200 fuel assembly carried out using the multi-pur-pose three-dimensional continuous-energy Monte Carlo particle transport code Serpent 2. The study compares neutronic characteristics during the fuel burnup process (1) with and (2) without fuel cooling. In the first option, the FA fuel campaign was simulated with 30-day cooling periods between reactor campaigns. The second option assumed simu-lating the FA fuel campaign without fuel cooling. In the course of the study, the authors determined the infinite neutron multiplication factors as well as the fuel burnup dependence of the concentrations of xenon, samarium and gadolinium nuclides. In addition, it should be noted that no differences were found in the change in the concentration of gadolinium isotopes, the discrepancy in the values of the multiplication factor, and the accumulation of samarium isotopes during the campaign.","PeriodicalId":37826,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Wysshikh Uchebnykh Zawedeniy, Yadernaya Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74225045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Trofimov, Evgeny Grigorievich Murachyov, A. Rogoza, N. Egupov
The paper considers the construction of a mathematical model for an electrohydraulic system to control automatically the Т-63-13,0/0,25 product manufactured by JSC Kaluga Turbine Plant. Mathematical simulation of control systems makes it possible to improve considerably the quality of control, that is, the accuracy and reliability of such systems, as well as to accelerate greatly the development and calculation of the control system and the parameters of its individual components. The T-63-13,0/0,25 mathematical model of the ASTCS allows estimating the effects of design parameters during any load dropping (in a range of 0 to 100%) and the quality of control for the monitored parameters both in the process of operation as part of an isolated power system (generator output, frequency) and an integrated power system (generator output). A mathematical representation has been developed in the model for the control units, the T-63-13,0/0,25 product model, and the electronic controlling part of each of the control units. It has been proposed that pulse-width modulation be used to control the synchronous motors which makes it possible to control the synchronous machine shaft speed by changing the supply voltage frequency. To this end, the control system’s model uses a frequency converter which is proposed to be used in the real control system. The developed control system with one adjustable steam extraction in the T-63-13,0/0,25 steam turbine is coupled and autonomous, that is, each of the two meters for the turbine’s controlled parameters has effect on both steam distribution systems such that a deviation for one of the controlled parameters does not lead to excitations in the other.
{"title":"Mathematical Simulation of an Automatic Steam Turbine Control System","authors":"M. A. Trofimov, Evgeny Grigorievich Murachyov, A. Rogoza, N. Egupov","doi":"10.26583/npe.2021.4.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26583/npe.2021.4.09","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the construction of a mathematical model for an electrohydraulic system to control automatically the Т-63-13,0/0,25 product manufactured by JSC Kaluga Turbine Plant. Mathematical simulation of control systems makes it possible to improve considerably the quality of control, that is, the accuracy and reliability of such systems, as well as to accelerate greatly the development and calculation of the control system and the parameters of its individual components. The T-63-13,0/0,25 mathematical model of the ASTCS allows estimating the effects of design parameters during any load dropping (in a range of 0 to 100%) and the quality of control for the monitored parameters both in the process of operation as part of an isolated power system (generator output, frequency) and an integrated power system (generator output). A mathematical representation has been developed in the model for the control units, the T-63-13,0/0,25 product model, and the electronic controlling part of each of the control units. It has been proposed that pulse-width modulation be used to control the synchronous motors which makes it possible to control the synchronous machine shaft speed by changing the supply voltage frequency. To this end, the control system’s model uses a frequency converter which is proposed to be used in the real control system. The developed control system with one adjustable steam extraction in the T-63-13,0/0,25 steam turbine is coupled and autonomous, that is, each of the two meters for the turbine’s controlled parameters has effect on both steam distribution systems such that a deviation for one of the controlled parameters does not lead to excitations in the other.","PeriodicalId":37826,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Wysshikh Uchebnykh Zawedeniy, Yadernaya Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79888802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. V. Arkadov, V. Pavelko, V. Povarov, M. T. Slepov
The insufficiently studied issues of acoustic standing waves (ASW) in the main circulation circuits of the VVER reactor plants are considered. For a long time no proper attention has been given to this phenomenon both by the researchers and NPP experts. In general, generation of ASWs requires the acoustic inhomogeneities of the medium in the planes perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the longitudinal wave, in which a jump in acoustic resistance occurs, this is shown by the authors based on an example of the wave equation solution (D’Alembert equation) for a certain function of two variables. The ASW classification has been developed based on the obtained experimental material, 6 ASW types have been described, and their key parameters have been specified. The amplitude distributions have been plotted for all major ASW types proceeding from the phase relations of signals from the pressure pulsation detectors and accelerometers installed on the MCC pipelines. The nature of these distributions is general and they are valid for all VVER types. For the first time the globality of all lowest ASW types is identified. Four attribute properties of the ASWs have been formulated. The first attribute is the regular ASW temperature dependences, which is the source of the diagnostic information in the process of heating/cooling of the VVER unit. The linear experimental dependences of the ASW frequencies on coolant temperature have been obtained. The frequencies, at which the MCC resonant excitation due to coincidence of the ASW frequencies with the RCP rotational frequency harmonics, have been found experimentally. The ASW energy, which origin has resulted from the RCP operation, is estimated. The RCP operation can be presented as continuous generation of pressure pulsations, which fall onto the acoustic path inhomogeneities in the form of a traveling wave and generate a standing wave after reflection from them.
{"title":"Phenomenology of Acoustic Standing Waves Applied to the VVER-1200 Reactor Plant","authors":"G. V. Arkadov, V. Pavelko, V. Povarov, M. T. Slepov","doi":"10.26583/npe.2021.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26583/npe.2021.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"The insufficiently studied issues of acoustic standing waves (ASW) in the main circulation circuits of the VVER reactor plants are considered. For a long time no proper attention has been given to this phenomenon both by the researchers and NPP experts. In general, generation of ASWs requires the acoustic inhomogeneities of the medium in the planes perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the longitudinal wave, in which a jump in acoustic resistance occurs, this is shown by the authors based on an example of the wave equation solution (D’Alembert equation) for a certain function of two variables. The ASW classification has been developed based on the obtained experimental material, 6 ASW types have been described, and their key parameters have been specified. The amplitude distributions have been plotted for all major ASW types proceeding from the phase relations of signals from the pressure pulsation detectors and accelerometers installed on the MCC pipelines. The nature of these distributions is general and they are valid for all VVER types. For the first time the globality of all lowest ASW types is identified. Four attribute properties of the ASWs have been formulated. The first attribute is the regular ASW temperature dependences, which is the source of the diagnostic information in the process of heating/cooling of the VVER unit. The linear experimental dependences of the ASW frequencies on coolant temperature have been obtained. The frequencies, at which the MCC resonant excitation due to coincidence of the ASW frequencies with the RCP rotational frequency harmonics, have been found experimentally. The ASW energy, which origin has resulted from the RCP operation, is estimated. The RCP operation can be presented as continuous generation of pressure pulsations, which fall onto the acoustic path inhomogeneities in the form of a traveling wave and generate a standing wave after reflection from them.","PeriodicalId":37826,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Wysshikh Uchebnykh Zawedeniy, Yadernaya Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87569107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. S. Shchepin, A. M. Koshcheev, Maya Yurievna Kalenova, I. M. Melnikova
The paper investigates the process of regeneration of a liquid metal medium used in the pyroelectrochemical reprocessing of spent mixed uranium-plutonium nitride fuel produced by a fast neutron reactor. The investigation concerns the interaction of liquid cadmium with sludge formed during the anodic dissolution of ceramic nitride pellets in a 3LiCl-2KCl melt medium as well as the possibility of its purification by filtration from individual metal fission products. Anode sludge is represented by fission products of the platinum group, zirconium, molybdenum and technetium. It was determined by scanning electron microscopy that the metal product is composed of several intergrowth phases. It was found that upon contact of a polymetallic alloy simulating anode sludge with a melt, the liquid metal phase is saturated to 0.025 wt% of Pd, 0.01 wt% of Rh for 50 hours at 500 °C, while zirconium forms an insoluble dispersed intermetallic compound ZrCd3. Powders of molybdenum and technetium, which are not wetted with cadmium, can be completely removed using a filter mesh of plain weaving of the P-200 type. It is also possible to remove zirconium from anodic cadmium by filtration. The filtration efficiency of ruthenium and palladium powders did not exceed 54.3 and 13.1 wt%, respectively, due to partial dissolution and thinning of particles, which will lead to saturation of the liquid metal phase and the need to purify it by alternative methods.
{"title":"SNF Processing Electrochemical Operations: Liquid-Metal and Salt Medium Purification","authors":"A. S. Shchepin, A. M. Koshcheev, Maya Yurievna Kalenova, I. M. Melnikova","doi":"10.26583/npe.2021.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26583/npe.2021.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigates the process of regeneration of a liquid metal medium used in the pyroelectrochemical reprocessing of spent mixed uranium-plutonium nitride fuel produced by a fast neutron reactor. The investigation concerns the interaction of liquid cadmium with sludge formed during the anodic dissolution of ceramic nitride pellets in a 3LiCl-2KCl melt medium as well as the possibility of its purification by filtration from individual metal fission products. Anode sludge is represented by fission products of the platinum group, zirconium, molybdenum and technetium. It was determined by scanning electron microscopy that the metal product is composed of several intergrowth phases. It was found that upon contact of a polymetallic alloy simulating anode sludge with a melt, the liquid metal phase is saturated to 0.025 wt% of Pd, 0.01 wt% of Rh for 50 hours at 500 °C, while zirconium forms an insoluble dispersed intermetallic compound ZrCd3. Powders of molybdenum and technetium, which are not wetted with cadmium, can be completely removed using a filter mesh of plain weaving of the P-200 type. It is also possible to remove zirconium from anodic cadmium by filtration. The filtration efficiency of ruthenium and palladium powders did not exceed 54.3 and 13.1 wt%, respectively, due to partial dissolution and thinning of particles, which will lead to saturation of the liquid metal phase and the need to purify it by alternative methods.","PeriodicalId":37826,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya Wysshikh Uchebnykh Zawedeniy, Yadernaya Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75782839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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