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Principles of the St. Petersburg Phonological School in Speech Corpora Design 圣彼得堡语音学派在语音语料库设计中的原则
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1590/2176-4573e55822
Pavel Skrelin, Tatiana Kachkovskaia, Daniil Kocharov, Vera Evdokimova, Uliana Kochetkova
ABSTRACT The paper discusses the main principles in designing and annotating speech corpora within the framework of the Saint Petersburg phonological school, and provides examples of using corpus data in phonetic research. One of the major principles that we follow is to analyse the speech material at all levels: from segmental to intonational, including speech disfluencies. During segmental phonetic annotation, we suggest listening to each speech sound in isolation (without knowing its context) and relying on spectrographic data. At the syllabic tier, it is crucial to reflect resyllabification. During prosodic annotation, we suggest to rely on listener’s perception of the intonation pattern first, then analyse the actual melodic curves. A speech corpus with multi-level annotation that follows these principles is a valuable source of phonetic data — as segmental and prosodic factors are in constant interaction with each other, and one cannot analyse units of one annotation tier without reference to other tiers.
摘要本文论述了在圣彼得堡语音学派的框架下设计和注释语音语料库的主要原则,并举例说明了语料库数据在语音研究中的应用。我们遵循的主要原则之一是从各个层面分析演讲材料:从分段到语调,包括演讲不流畅。在分段注音过程中,我们建议孤立地听每个语音(不知道其上下文),并依赖频谱数据。在音节层面,反映再音节化是至关重要的。在韵律注释中,我们建议首先依靠听众对语调模式的感知,然后分析实际的旋律曲线。遵循这些原则的具有多级注释的语音语料库是语音数据的宝贵来源,因为节段和韵律因素相互作用不断,如果不参考其他层,就无法分析一个注释层的单元。
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引用次数: 0
The Jewish Amazon by Moacyr Scliar: The Word of the Other as Affirmation of the Noncoincidence of the Other in Oneself 《犹太人的亚马逊》,作者:莫亚克·斯克利尔:他者的话语作为他者在自身中的非巧合的肯定
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1590/2176-4573e59270
João Carlos de Carvalho, S. Kirschbaum, Juciane dos Santos Cavalheiro
ABSTRACT By analyzing two of Moacyr Scliar’s novels, Cenas da vida minúscula [Scenes of a Minuscule Life] and A Majestade do Xingu [Xingu’s Magesty], this paper proposes a trajectory of risk and acknowledgment of the word of the other in permanent transit, for possibly affirming the Jewish imaginary, with the Amazon as background for highly inventive plots by the “gaucho” (from Rio Grande do Sul) writer. In both novels, there are powerful orchestrating voices, capable of producing labyrinthine dialogical excavations.1 Such voices refer to the production of several possibilities of affirming the assimilated voice of the other, evoking the projective force of devouring the literary perspective proposed. Understanding the assimilation of the word of the other becomes an essential instrument to contact the complexity of the formation and foundation of many ethnicities that intersected in Brazil.
摘要本文通过分析斯克利尔的两部小说《米努斯库拉的生活场景》和《新谷的法师》,提出了一条在永久转移中对他者话语的风险和承认的轨迹,以可能肯定犹太人的想象,《高乔》(来自南里奥格兰德州)作家以亚马逊为背景,创作了极具创意的情节。在这两部小说中,都有强大的配器声音,能够产生迷宫般的对话挖掘。1这种声音指的是肯定对方同化声音的几种可能性的产生,唤起吞噬所提出的文学视角的投射力。理解“他者”一词的同化成为了解巴西许多种族形成和基础的复杂性的重要工具。
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引用次数: 0
Chasing the Ordinary Way of Meaning: Amongst Language-Games and Everyday Practices 追寻意义的平凡之道:语言游戏与日常实践
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1590/2176-4573e58095
Filipo Figueira
In this article, we attempt to develop an essay on the concept of “ordinary meaning,” initially proposed by Michel Pêcheux. The concept, however, was not fully developed due to the French philosopher’s premature death in 1983. Thus, this essay aims to conjecture what this “ordinary way of meaning” might be. To do so, following Pêcheux’s suggestions, we will explore the “analysis of ordinary language,” as proposed by Ludwig Wittgenstein, and its culturalist reinterpretation by Michel de Certeau in everyday practices. At the end of the path, we arrive at two hypotheses: the first is that the “ordinary way of meaning” would not configure an “aspect” of meaning (or the inclusion of new objects, such as conversations, etc.), but a new paradigm to practice Discourse Analysis based on a “practical materialism”; the second is that thinking about meaning in its ordinary way causes Discourse Analysis to take into account discursive practices and their diagrams of action. Finally, as a simple homage to the more than 660,000 victims of COVID-19 in Brazil, the discussion around language-games and everyday practices will be guided by the reading of a Memorial Inumeráveis post in one of its social networks.
在这篇文章中,我们试图发展一篇关于“普通意义”概念的文章,该概念最初由Michel Pêcheux提出。然而,由于这位法国哲学家于1983年过早去世,这一概念并没有得到充分发展。因此,本文旨在推测这种“普通意义方式”可能是什么。为此,我们将根据Pêcheux的建议,探讨路德维希·维特根斯坦提出的“普通语言分析”,以及米歇尔·德·塞尔托在日常实践中对其文化主义的重新解释。最后,我们得出了两个假设:第一,“普通意义方式”不会构成意义的“方面”(或包含新的对象,如对话等),而是一种基于“实践唯物主义”的话语分析实践新范式;第二,以普通的方式思考意义导致语篇分析考虑话语实践及其行动图。最后,作为对巴西超过66万新冠肺炎受害者的简单致敬,围绕语言和日常实践的讨论将以阅读其社交网络中的纪念因纽特人帖子为指导。
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引用次数: 0
Interação, heteroglossia e discurso na #maternidadereal #母性现实中的互动、异质语言和话语
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1590/2176-4573p58710
Bárbara Luisa Martins Wieler
This article is the result of a doctoral study about the maternal ethos in social networks and it aims to reflect on the expression #maternidadereal [real maternity], used in internet posts. In the light of Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of heteroglossia, this observation will start from the idea of interaction, a fundamental and constituent phenomenon in social networks. the meaning of “real” will be considered from Jacques Lacan’s theory, to delineate the differences between the hegemonic discourse of traditional motherhood, of romanticization, and the contemporary and counter-hegemonic discourse, through which motherhood can be vented in its pains. Finally, in order to verify how these discourses intersect in the materiality of language, 5 posts with the tag #maternidadereal will be analyzed, determining, through their brands, which axiological axis they are affiliated with. As a result, it was noticed that the idea of “real” fluctuates according to the subject-position of the mother who appropriates it, evidencing the heteroglossia that underlies these statements.
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引用次数: 0
Interaction, Heteroglossia and Discourse in the #maternidadereal [realmaternity] 现实母性中的互动、异语与话语
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1590/2176-4573e58710
Bárbara Luisa Martins Wieler
This article is the result of a doctoral study about the maternal ethos in social networks and it aims to reflect on the expression #maternidadereal [real maternity], used in internet posts. In the light of Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of heteroglossia, this observation will start from the idea of interaction, a fundamental and constituent phenomenon in social networks. the meaning of “real” will be considered from Jacques Lacan’s theory, to delineate the differences between the hegemonic discourse of traditional motherhood, of romanticization, and the contemporary and counter-hegemonic discourse, through which motherhood can be vented in its pains. Finally, in order to verify how these discourses intersect in the materiality of language, 5 posts with the tag #maternidadereal will be analyzed, determining, through their brands, which axiological axis they are affiliated with. As a result, it was noticed that the idea of “real” fluctuates according to the subjectposition of the mother who appropriates it, evidencing the heteroglossia that underlies these statements.
本文是一项关于社交网络中母性气质的博士研究的结果,旨在反思网络帖子中使用的“真实母性”一词。根据巴赫金的异语概念,本文将从互动这一社会网络的基本和构成现象入手。本文将从拉康的理论出发,考虑“真实”的意义,以描绘传统母性、浪漫化的霸权话语与当代的反霸权话语之间的差异,通过这种话语,母性可以发泄其痛苦。最后,为了验证这些话语是如何在语言的物质性上相交的,我们将分析5篇带有#maternidadereal标签的帖子,通过它们的品牌来确定它们隶属于哪个价值论轴。因此,人们注意到,"真实"的概念根据使用它的母亲的主体地位而波动,这证明了这些陈述背后的异语。
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引用次数: 0
No rastro do ordinário do sentido: entre jogos de linguagem e práticas cotidianas 在普通意义的痕迹:在语言游戏和日常实践之间
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1590/2176-4573p58095
Filipo Figueira
In this article, we attempt to develop an essay on the concept of “ordinary meaning,” initially proposed by Michel Pêcheux. The concept, however, was not fully developed due to the French philosopher’s premature death in 1983. Thus, this essay aims to conjecture what this “ordinary way of meaning” might be. To do so, following Pêcheux’s suggestions, we will explore the “analysis of ordinary language,” as proposed by Ludwig Wittgenstein, and its culturalist reinterpretation by Michel de Certeau in everyday practices. At the end of the path, we arrive at two hypotheses: the first is that the “ordinary way of meaning” would not configure an “aspect” of meaning (or the inclusion of new objects, such as conversations, etc.), but a new paradigm to practice Discourse Analysis based on a “practical materialism”; the second is that thinking about meaning in its ordinary way causes Discourse Analysis to take into account discursive practices and their diagrams of action. Finally, as a simple homage to the more than 660,000 victims of COVID-19 in Brazil, the discussion around language-games and everyday practices will be guided by the reading of a Memorial Inumeráveis post in one of its social networks.
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引用次数: 0
Os princípios da Escola Fonológica de São Petersburgo para a elaboração de corpora de fala 圣彼得堡音系学派对语音语料库发展的原则
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1590/2176-4573p55822
P. Skrelin, Tatiana V. Kachkovskaia, D. Kocharov, Vera Evdokimova, Uliana Kochetkova
RESUMO O artigo discute os princípios fundamentais de elaboração do projeto e anotação de corpora de fala no âmbito da Escola Fonológica de São Petersburgo e fornece os exemplos de utilização de dados de vários corpora na pesquisa em fonética. Um dos princípios fundamentais é analisar as amostras em todos os níveis: desde o segmento até a entoação, incluindo as disfluências da fala. Durante a anotação fonética, sugerimos ouvir cada som isoladamente e confiar nos dados do espectrograma. Na anotação silábica, é crucial considerar a ressilabificação. Durante a anotação prosódica, sugerimos confiar na percepção do ouvinte e analisar as curvas melódicas. Um corpus de fala que segue esses princípios é uma fonte valiosa de dados fonéticos, uma vez que os fatores segmentais e prosódicos estão em constante interação e não se pode analisar as unidades de um nível de anotação sem fazer referência aos outros.
本文讨论了在圣彼得堡语音学院范围内阐述语音语料库项目和注释的基本原则,并提供了在语音研究中使用各种语料库数据的例子。基本原则之一是分析各个层面的样本:从片段到语调,包括语音不流畅。在注音时,我们建议单独听每个声音,并依赖声谱图数据。在音节注释中,考虑重构是至关重要的。在韵律注释过程中,我们建议相信听众的感知并分析旋律曲线。遵循这些原则的语音语料库是语音数据的宝贵来源,因为节段和韵律因素是不断相互作用的,如果不参考其他因素,就无法分析注释级别的单位。
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引用次数: 0
Responsabilidade ética na ciência, na arte e na vida 科学、艺术和生活中的伦理责任
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1590/2176-4573p61712
Beth Brait, Maria Helena Crus Pistori, Bruna Lopes Dugnani, P. Stella, Carlos Gontijo Rosa
Talvez a novidade mais surpreendente na academia (e na sociedade), nos últimos tempos, tenha sido a criação e rápida disseminação do ChatGPT, “uma inteligência artificial (IA) gratuita, criada pela OpenAI”, que ‘conversa’ com o interlocutor, de forma natural e pode ser acessada por celulares Android ou iPhone (iOS), sem a necessidade de baixar aplicativos. O ChatGPT é capaz de gerar [generate] textos por meio da Inteligência Aritificial. Em muito pouco tempo, tornou-se conhecido mundialmente e foi produzido um grande número de artigos sobre ele nas diferentes mídias. Os sentimentos provocados foram bastante diversos – fascínio e temor, admiração, indiferença, entusiasmo -, mais especificamente em relação à sua habilidade e competência (e gentileza...) na redação de respostas e composição de textos nas diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Ao pedir ao próprio ChatGPT que se definisse, Fábio Cozman (2023, online), do Center for Artificial Intelligence/USP, recebeu a seguinte resposta:
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引用次数: 0
Ethical Answerability in Science, Art, and Life 科学、艺术和生活中的伦理回答
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1590/2176-4573e61712
Beth Brait, Maria Helena Crus Pistori, Bruna Lopes Dugnani, P. Stella, Carlos Gontijo Rosa
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引用次数: 0
Strategies of Re-Elaboration of the Past and the Authenticity of Speech Acts of Political Atonement “对过去的重新阐释”策略与政治赎罪言语行为的真实性
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1590/2176-4573e58779
Maria Ferreira, Ricardo José Rosa Gualda, Paulo Roberto Gonçalves Segundo
ABSTRACT This paper analyses the question of authenticity in speech acts of political atonement from a critical discourse analysis perspective. The objective is to study how strategies of re-elaboration of the past employed in atonement discourses may contribute to assess the authenticity of speech acts of political atonement. The paper tackles the following research question: how do strategies of re-elaboration of the past influence the authenticity of a speech act of political atonement? The paper analyses a 2015 statement by Japan’s former Prime Minister Shinzō Abe. The paper argues that former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe’s 2015 speech act of political atonement endorsed a strategy of cancellation. The paper claims that supporting such a strategy prevented Abe’s 2015 speech act of political atonement from being considered a genuine speech of political atonement.
摘要本文从批评话语分析的角度分析政治赎罪言语行为的真实性问题。目的是研究赎罪话语中使用的对过去的重新阐述策略如何有助于评估政治赎罪言语行为的真实性。本文主要探讨的研究问题是:对过去的重新阐释策略如何影响政治赎罪言语行为的真实性?这篇论文分析了日本前首相安倍晋三2015年的一份声明。文章认为,日本前首相安倍2015年的“政治赎罪”演讲是对“取消”战略的认可。文章主张,支持这样的战略,使得安倍2015年的政治赎罪演讲无法被视为真正的政治赎罪演讲。
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引用次数: 0
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Bakhtiniana
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