An important precondition to master the problems ofmankind's future is to understand evolution in respect to evolutionary mechanisms, including the manifold interactions between abiotic parameters and the biota, which means the complex interplay between biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and geosphere. The contribution of the palaeontological science to approach this aim is to investigate and to analyze those cases in earth history in which such abiotic iníluences on the biota have to be supposed. That is the case with one certain kind of the so-called global biological events, namely the extinction events. Before discussing the extinction events it should be noticed that there aré two additional, differing patterns ofbio-events: biological innovation events and radiation events. The first one is either independent of abiotic in íluences or at least dominated by pure biological parameters and processes. Radiation events occur subsequent to innovation events (Rp; = post-innovation radiation), but also after extinction events (Rp, = post-extinction ra diation). The Rp, mirrors the relatively short-termed occupation ofthose niches which occured dueto the extinc tion event. Between the latter and the Rp, normally exists a certain time interval in which the s~lectional stress is more or less strongly reduced. This causes a relatively rapid evolution and enables the concerned taxa to enlarge their potency to intrude into the adjacent niches. In this sequence -extinctions, interval, radiations- the causing global event leads not only to extinctions, i.e. to an interruption of the evolution within certain phyletic lines, but it triggers also an acceleration of the evolution, visible in the subsequent radiations. Extinction events are characterized by a relatively high rate of extinction within a relatively short time. "Re latively" means in comparison with the long intervals of relatively stable conditions, in which the rate of back gr ound extinctions equals more or less the originating rate. Thus, extinction events are characterized by short termed floral and/or fauna! changes which are globally traceable.
{"title":"The Bilbao conference \"Palaeontology and Evolution: Extinction Events\": A big step forward in understanding exceptional global changes","authors":"O. H. Walliser","doi":"10.7203/sjp.25154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/sjp.25154","url":null,"abstract":"An important precondition to master the problems ofmankind's future is to understand evolution in respect to evolutionary mechanisms, including the manifold interactions between abiotic parameters and the biota, which means the complex interplay between biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and geosphere. The contribution of the palaeontological science to approach this aim is to investigate and to analyze those cases in earth history in which such abiotic iníluences on the biota have to be supposed. That is the case with one certain kind of the so-called global biological events, namely the extinction events. Before discussing the extinction events it should be noticed that there aré two additional, differing patterns ofbio-events: biological innovation events and radiation events. The first one is either independent of abiotic in íluences or at least dominated by pure biological parameters and processes. Radiation events occur subsequent to innovation events (Rp; = post-innovation radiation), but also after extinction events (Rp, = post-extinction ra diation). The Rp, mirrors the relatively short-termed occupation ofthose niches which occured dueto the extinc tion event. Between the latter and the Rp, normally exists a certain time interval in which the s~lectional stress is more or less strongly reduced. This causes a relatively rapid evolution and enables the concerned taxa to enlarge their potency to intrude into the adjacent niches. In this sequence -extinctions, interval, radiations- the causing global event leads not only to extinctions, i.e. to an interruption of the evolution within certain phyletic lines, but it triggers also an acceleration of the evolution, visible in the subsequent radiations. Extinction events are characterized by a relatively high rate of extinction within a relatively short time. \"Re latively\" means in comparison with the long intervals of relatively stable conditions, in which the rate of back gr ound extinctions equals more or less the originating rate. Thus, extinction events are characterized by short termed floral and/or fauna! changes which are globally traceable.","PeriodicalId":37953,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Paleontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42541924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
¿Por qué unas Jornadas de Paleontología con la forma orgánica como leitmotiv? Creo que existen motivos muy diversos y esenciales; precisamente, había echado en falta que ello no se hubiera hecho hasta el presente y, lo que es más seguro: que sin nuestra decisión y la de una parte de la comunidad de los paleontólogos españoles que la apoyó incondicionalmente, rara vez hubiera sido tocado este tema desde un punto de vista monográfico en las asambleas anuales de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología. El primer motivo, para mi, es que los paleontólogos, desde que nuestra ciencia existe como tal, hemos atendido a los aspectos morfológicos de los antiguos organismos -representados actualmente por sus fósiles- en calidad de fuente principal, si no única, de información paleobiológica. El segundo motivo, y quizá el más importante, sería la Teoría de la Evolución y su vinculación con la Paleontología, cuyo rasgo definitorio básico es, asimismo, su naturaleza de disciplina evolutiva. Tal como Darwin formuló su teoría, el aspecto de mayor relevancia de la misma era el de dar razón del cambio orgánico expresado en términos de evolución morfológica; su objeto consistía en explicar, mediante el mecanismo de la selección natural, el origen de las adaptaciones complejas que observamos en los organismos. Darwin, sin embargo, era excesivamente lyelliano y, como todos sabemos, pensó que los datos del registro fósil tenían un carácter excesivamente disperso e imperfecto y, más que ayudar a la contratación de las hipótesis básicas de la teoría, ponían a ésta trabas insolubles.
{"title":"Presentación del tema monográfico","authors":"Miquel De Renzi","doi":"10.7203/sjp.25057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/sjp.25057","url":null,"abstract":"¿Por qué unas Jornadas de Paleontología con la forma orgánica como leitmotiv? Creo que existen motivos muy diversos y esenciales; precisamente, había echado en falta que ello no se hubiera hecho hasta el presente y, lo que es más seguro: que sin nuestra decisión y la de una parte de la comunidad de los paleontólogos españoles que la apoyó incondicionalmente, rara vez hubiera sido tocado este tema desde un punto de vista monográfico en las asambleas anuales de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología. \u0000El primer motivo, para mi, es que los paleontólogos, desde que nuestra ciencia existe como tal, hemos atendido a los aspectos morfológicos de los antiguos organismos -representados actualmente por sus fósiles- en calidad de fuente principal, si no única, de información paleobiológica. \u0000El segundo motivo, y quizá el más importante, sería la Teoría de la Evolución y su vinculación con la Paleontología, cuyo rasgo definitorio básico es, asimismo, su naturaleza de disciplina evolutiva. Tal como Darwin formuló su teoría, el aspecto de mayor relevancia de la misma era el de dar razón del cambio orgánico expresado en términos de evolución morfológica; su objeto consistía en explicar, mediante el mecanismo de la selección natural, el origen de las adaptaciones complejas que observamos en los organismos. Darwin, sin embargo, era excesivamente lyelliano y, como todos sabemos, pensó que los datos del registro fósil tenían un carácter excesivamente disperso e imperfecto y, más que ayudar a la contratación de las hipótesis básicas de la teoría, ponían a ésta trabas insolubles.","PeriodicalId":37953,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Paleontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45935941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Field-guide excursion to the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary section at Zumaya (northern Spain)","authors":"M. Palacios, B. Mathey, J. Wiedmann","doi":"10.7203/sjp.25168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/sjp.25168","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37953,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Paleontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47642187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distribution and ecology of benthic foraminifera in the Santoña estuary, Spain","authors":"A. Cearreta","doi":"10.7203/sjp.25140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/sjp.25140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37953,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Paleontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41263693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
En el presente artículo, se cuestiona, debido a la existencia de alometrías y su implicación en la relación tamaño-forma, la utilización de índices como criterio taxonómico en biometría. Se plantea un caso concreto, la clasificación a nivel específico del género Pachynolophus (Palaeotheriidae, Perissodactyla).
{"title":"Sobre la existencia de alometrías y su implicación taxonómica en el caso de algunos paleohípidos del Eoceno.","authors":"Lluís Checa Soler","doi":"10.7203/sjp.25074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/sjp.25074","url":null,"abstract":"En el presente artículo, se cuestiona, debido a la existencia de alometrías y su implicación en la relación tamaño-forma, la utilización de índices como criterio taxonómico en biometría. Se plantea un caso concreto, la clasificación a nivel específico del género Pachynolophus (Palaeotheriidae, Perissodactyla).","PeriodicalId":37953,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Paleontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47909692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Detailed lithological profiles across the CretaceouslTertiary boundary (KIT) in the tlyschoid Gosau Formation at Gosau (Elendgraben) and Gams (Knappengraben) are presented. The revised low sediment accumulation rates in the lowermost Danian correspond to those calculated by Smit & Hertogen (1980) for the Caravaca section. The estimated longer time-span for the deposition of the KIT boundary layers of 6-11 ka seems to be more realistic. The sediment at the KIT in the Gosau area was deposited under reducing conditions (Reissner el al. 1985). Peak levels of the siderophile elements do not coincide at Gosau and Gams. A diachronism of events is therefore assumed. The gradual decline of CaCO 3 and sorne majar element oxides beginning 4 cm below the K/T boundary and also a 1 mm thin yellow clay !ayer 10 mm underneath the boundary clay at Gams suggest multiple events and could be the result of a period of increased volcanism. el al., 1985). Los niveles de anomalías de los elementos siderófilos no coinciden en Gosau y Gams, por lo que se asume un diacronisrno entre los acontecimientos respectivos. El declive gradual del CaCO 3 y de algunos óxidos principales 4 cm bajo el límite KIT, así corno la presencia de un nivel de arcilla amarilla oscura, de 1 mm de grosor, a 10 mm bajo las arcillas del límite KIT en Garns, podrían ser el resultado de un período de mayor volcanisrno. Palabras clave: Límite Cretácico-Tertiario, Formación Gosau, Alpes Calcáreos del Norte, sucesiones turbidíticas.
详细介绍了Gosau (Elendgraben)和Gams (Knappengraben)地区的Gosau组白垩纪-第三纪界线(KIT)的岩性剖面。修订后的大年纪最低沉积物堆积率与Smit和Hertogen(1980)对卡拉瓦卡剖面的计算相对应。估计KIT边界层沉积的较长时间跨度为6-11 ka似乎更为现实。戈索地区KIT沉积物是在还原性条件下沉积的(Reissner el al. 1985)。在Gosau和Gams，亲铁元素的峰值水平并不一致。因此假定事件的历时性。caco3和一些主要元素氧化物开始于K/T边界以下4厘米处逐渐下降，以及Gams边界粘土下方10毫米处1毫米薄的黄色粘土层，这表明多重事件，可能是火山活动增加时期的结果。El al.， 1985)。Los niveles de anomalías de Los elements siderófilos no coninciden en Gosau y Gams，穷穷穷，穷穷穷，穷穷穷，穷穷穷，穷穷穷，穷穷穷，穷穷穷，穷穷穷，穷穷穷。在algunos óxidos principales中，caco3逐渐下降，4 cm bajo El límite KIT, así corno la presencia de arcilla amarilla oscura, 1 mm de grosor，一个10 mm bajo las arcillas del límite KIT en Garns, podrían ser El resultado de un período de mayor volcanisrno。Palabras clave: Límite Cretácico-Tertiario, Formación Gosau, Alpes Calcáreos del Norte，后续turbidíticas。
{"title":"Lithostratigraphy and sedimentology across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary in the Flyschgosau (Eastern Alps, Austria)","authors":"R. Lahodynsky","doi":"10.7203/sjp.25160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/sjp.25160","url":null,"abstract":"Detailed lithological profiles across the CretaceouslTertiary boundary (KIT) in the tlyschoid Gosau Formation at Gosau (Elendgraben) and Gams (Knappengraben) are presented. The revised low sediment accumulation rates in the lowermost Danian correspond to those calculated by Smit & Hertogen (1980) for the Caravaca section. The estimated longer time-span for the deposition of the KIT boundary layers of 6-11 ka seems to be more realistic. The sediment at the KIT in the Gosau area was deposited under reducing conditions (Reissner el al. 1985). Peak levels of the siderophile elements do not coincide at Gosau and Gams. A diachronism of events is therefore assumed. The gradual decline of CaCO 3 and sorne majar element oxides beginning 4 cm below the K/T boundary and also a 1 mm thin yellow clay !ayer 10 mm underneath the boundary clay at Gams suggest multiple events and could be the result of a period of increased volcanism. el al., 1985). Los niveles de anomalías de los elementos siderófilos no coinciden en Gosau y Gams, por lo que se asume un diacronisrno entre los acontecimientos respectivos. El declive gradual del CaCO 3 y de algunos óxidos principales 4 cm bajo el límite KIT, así corno la presencia de un nivel de arcilla amarilla oscura, de 1 mm de grosor, a 10 mm bajo las arcillas del límite KIT en Garns, podrían ser el resultado de un período de mayor volcanisrno. Palabras clave: Límite Cretácico-Tertiario, Formación Gosau, Alpes Calcáreos del Norte, sucesiones turbidíticas.","PeriodicalId":37953,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Paleontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42153799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many organismic shapes and ornamentations are analogous to self-organizing patterns in the non-biological world. lt is suggested that responsible processes become first serendipitously "adopted" by developmental systems and then "lamed" by Darwinian selection as soon as a specific function has been acquired. Yet, taming can only reduce, bul not eliminare, the unpredictability of the dynamic systems at the local level.
{"title":"Self-organizing morphogenetic mechanisms as processors of evolution.","authors":"A. Seilacher","doi":"10.7203/sjp.25059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/sjp.25059","url":null,"abstract":"Many organismic shapes and ornamentations are analogous to self-organizing patterns in the non-biological world. lt is suggested that responsible processes become first serendipitously \"adopted\" by developmental systems and then \"lamed\" by Darwinian selection as soon as a specific function has been acquired. Yet, taming can only reduce, bul not eliminare, the unpredictability of the dynamic systems at the local level.","PeriodicalId":37953,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Paleontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45562455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modern Paleontology: Using Biostratigraphy to the utmost","authors":"A. Boucot","doi":"10.7203/sjp.25119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/sjp.25119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37953,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Paleontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41452867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Se discute aquí el esquema biozonal de ammonoideos devónicos basado en las zonas, además de en otro tipo de unidades: los "Stufen". Se propone rechazar el uso de los "Stufen" por no ajustarse, entre otros motivos, a esquemas zonales modernos. Se realiza una revisión de las zonas actualmente en uso definiéndolas como zonas de intervalo, al mismo tiempo que proponemos nuevas biozonas y subbiozonas. Por último, intentamos identificar este esquema biozonal en las series del Dominio Palentino y, puntualmente, en otras regiones de la Península Ibérica.
{"title":"Las biozonas de ammonoideos del Devónico (Emsiense Inferior - Famenniense Inferior): Crítica al sistema de clasificación zonal","authors":"J. R. Montesinos","doi":"10.7203/sjp.25114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/sjp.25114","url":null,"abstract":"Se discute aquí el esquema biozonal de ammonoideos devónicos basado en las zonas, además de en otro tipo de unidades: los \"Stufen\". Se propone rechazar el uso de los \"Stufen\" por no ajustarse, entre otros motivos, a esquemas zonales modernos. Se realiza una revisión de las zonas actualmente en uso definiéndolas como zonas de intervalo, al mismo tiempo que proponemos nuevas biozonas y subbiozonas. Por último, intentamos identificar este esquema biozonal en las series del Dominio Palentino y, puntualmente, en otras regiones de la Península Ibérica.","PeriodicalId":37953,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Paleontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49437104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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