Pub Date : 2025-05-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100569
Keyvan Mostofi
The number of women in the field of neurosurgery has been steadily increasing over the past 20 years. However, there still exists a significant gender disparity worldwide, with men predominantly occupying this profession. Recognizing and highlighting the contributions of female pioneers in neurosurgery is crucial to prevent these talented women from being overlooked. One notable figure in this regard is Anna Galstyan, the first female Armenian neurosurgeon. Born in Abovyan, Armenia in 1976, she graduated from Yerevan's medical school in 1998 and further specialized in oncological, pediatric, and endoscopic neurosurgery at the Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute in Moscow. Galstyan has honed her skills through various workshops, scientific projects, and research studies conducted in both the United States and Europe. She currently lives and works in Armenia.
{"title":"Anna GALSTYAN the first Armenian female neurosurgeon","authors":"Keyvan Mostofi","doi":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The number of women in the field of neurosurgery has been steadily increasing over the past 20 years. However, there still exists a significant gender disparity worldwide, with men predominantly occupying this profession. Recognizing and highlighting the contributions of female pioneers in neurosurgery is crucial to prevent these talented women from being overlooked. One notable figure in this regard is Anna Galstyan, the first female Armenian neurosurgeon. Born in Abovyan, Armenia in 1976, she graduated from Yerevan's medical school in 1998 and further specialized in oncological, pediatric, and endoscopic neurosurgery at the Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute in Moscow. Galstyan has honed her skills through various workshops, scientific projects, and research studies conducted in both the United States and Europe. She currently lives and works in Armenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37974,"journal":{"name":"eNeurologicalSci","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established and effective surgical treatment for movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, postmortem studies of patients with PD have revealed the presence of gliosis and inflammatory responses around the tracts of DBS electrodes. The objective of this study was to investigate the deposition of abnormal proteins, including phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and transactivation response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (p-TDP-43), around the tips of DBS electrodes. Neuropathological examination was performed in two Japanese patients with PD: Case 1 describes a patient who underwent DBS lead placement into the left ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus at 79 years of age, and died at 88 years of age; Case 2 describes a patient who underwent DBS lead placement into the bilateral subthalamic nuclei at 70 years of age, and died 14 years after surgery. Postmortem neuropathological examination revealed fibrous gliosis, mild infiltration of lymphocytes, and hemosiderin deposition around the DBS lead tip-associated defects. Moreover, p-TDP-43 and p-tau deposits were visible around the electrode termination sites in both cases. These findings suggest that p-TDP-43 and p-tau accumulated around the DBS lead tip in response to chronic DBS. This is the first study to report the deposition of p-TDP-43 around the tip of a DBS electrode.
{"title":"Phosphorylated TDP-43 and tau deposition around the tip of deep brain stimulation leads","authors":"Goichi Beck , Yuki Yonenobu , Kenichiro Maeda , Satoru Oshino , Haruhiko Kishima , Masanori P. Takahashi , Hideki Mochizuki , Shigeo Murayama","doi":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established and effective surgical treatment for movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, postmortem studies of patients with PD have revealed the presence of gliosis and inflammatory responses around the tracts of DBS electrodes. The objective of this study was to investigate the deposition of abnormal proteins, including phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and transactivation response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (p-TDP-43), around the tips of DBS electrodes. Neuropathological examination was performed in two Japanese patients with PD: Case 1 describes a patient who underwent DBS lead placement into the left ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus at 79 years of age, and died at 88 years of age; Case 2 describes a patient who underwent DBS lead placement into the bilateral subthalamic nuclei at 70 years of age, and died 14 years after surgery. Postmortem neuropathological examination revealed fibrous gliosis, mild infiltration of lymphocytes, and hemosiderin deposition around the DBS lead tip-associated defects. Moreover, p-TDP-43 and p-tau deposits were visible around the electrode termination sites in both cases. These findings suggest that p-TDP-43 and p-tau accumulated around the DBS lead tip in response to chronic DBS. This is the first study to report the deposition of p-TDP-43 around the tip of a DBS electrode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37974,"journal":{"name":"eNeurologicalSci","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors rarely cause optic neuritis as a side effect although the disease associated with ozoralizumab, a novel anti-TNF-α NANOBODY® compound, has not been reported. A 76-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis, medicated with ozoralizumab, was hospitalized with a two-day history of extending partial visual field loss in the left eye. Campimetry revealed top horizontal hemianopia in the left eye. Swelling and abnormally high intensity of the left optic nerve were observed in magnetic resonance imaging. Visual evoked potential tests revealed delayed latency and reduced amplitude on the left side. She was diagnosed with ozoralizumab-associated isolated optic neuritis and cured with two courses of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone, followed by oral prednisolone. Ozoralizumab may be associated with optic neuritis although early diagnosis and immunotherapy possibly achieve a good outcome.
{"title":"Effects of immunotherapy on isolated optic neuritis associated with ozoralizumab, a novel anti-tumor necrosis factor α NANOBODY® compound: A case report","authors":"Masato Okitsu , Keizo Sugaya , Yuya Shiotani , Kazushi Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors rarely cause optic neuritis as a side effect although the disease associated with ozoralizumab, a novel anti-TNF-α NANOBODY® compound, has not been reported. A 76-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis, medicated with ozoralizumab, was hospitalized with a two-day history of extending partial visual field loss in the left eye. Campimetry revealed top horizontal hemianopia in the left eye. Swelling and abnormally high intensity of the left optic nerve were observed in magnetic resonance imaging. Visual evoked potential tests revealed delayed latency and reduced amplitude on the left side. She was diagnosed with ozoralizumab-associated isolated optic neuritis and cured with two courses of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone, followed by oral prednisolone. Ozoralizumab may be associated with optic neuritis although early diagnosis and immunotherapy possibly achieve a good outcome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37974,"journal":{"name":"eNeurologicalSci","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Status epilepticus is not always an easily recognised condition, which can become a cause of serious consequences, and even death. It can present in two clinical forms: convulsive and nonconvulsive. The clinical symptoms representing nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) can vary a lot and sometimes be very misleading. We present here a case of a woman, who is a carrier of 6 platinum spirals as a result of endovascular aneurysm embolisation and has undergone a surgery for the removal of the left temporal lobe meningioma. The patient showed the signs of sensorimotor aphasia and echoacusis in the early postoperative period. Taking into account the past history of a tonic-clonic seizure and inability to perform EEG during the clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of NCSE was done clinically, and the treatment started immediately with the IV diazepam and valproic acid administration, leading to complete resolution of aphasia and echoacusis.
Negative neurological clinical symptoms are rare in the presentation of epilepsy, and echolalia is not yet described as a symptom of a NCSE. In our case the patient presents with the combination of these two symptoms, which can make the diagnosing even more challenging. This case report aims to highlight the variety of clinical symptoms which can represent NCSE and prompt early diagnosis and treatment, avoiding life threatening consequences.
{"title":"An invisible enemy. Echoacousis and aphasia as a rare presentation of a non convulsive status epilepticus. Clinical case","authors":"Yuliia Solodovnikova , Anatoliy Son , Tetiana Marusich , Asel Jusupova","doi":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Status epilepticus is not always an easily recognised condition, which can become a cause of serious consequences, and even death. It can present in two clinical forms: convulsive and nonconvulsive. The clinical symptoms representing nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) can vary a lot and sometimes be very misleading. We present here a case of a woman, who is a carrier of 6 platinum spirals as a result of endovascular aneurysm embolisation and has undergone a surgery for the removal of the left temporal lobe meningioma. The patient showed the signs of sensorimotor aphasia and echoacusis in the early postoperative period. Taking into account the past history of a tonic-clonic seizure and inability to perform EEG during the clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of NCSE was done clinically, and the treatment started immediately with the IV diazepam and valproic acid administration, leading to complete resolution of aphasia and echoacusis.</div><div>Negative neurological clinical symptoms are rare in the presentation of epilepsy, and echolalia is not yet described as a symptom of a NCSE. In our case the patient presents with the combination of these two symptoms, which can make the diagnosing even more challenging. This case report aims to highlight the variety of clinical symptoms which can represent NCSE and prompt early diagnosis and treatment, avoiding life threatening consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37974,"journal":{"name":"eNeurologicalSci","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100566
Kadjo Claude Valery Cedric Aka , Essoin-de Souza Tamia Nancy , Amon-tanoh Muriel , Agbo-Panzo Cedric , Offoumou Fiacre Delors , Aka Arlette Desirée , Baugnan Davide , Toa Bi Axel , Yapo-Ehounoud Constance , Tanoh Christian , Aka-Diarra Evelyne , Assi Berthe
Introduction
As defined by Jozefowicz in 1994, neurophobia is the fear of neuroscience and clinical neurology. We carried out this study, the first on neurophobia in the Ivory Coast, in order to assess its prevalence among medical students and interns in the Ivorian environment, to identify the factors involved and to propose solutions.
Methodology
This was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out during the 2022–2023 academic year at the Abidjan UFR of Medical Sciences. The study population consisted of all students in years 3ème to 6ème and hospital interns. The Schon questionnaire, transcribed using google form software, was sent to students using the “wathsapp” social network.
Result
We obtained 284 responses, i.e. 23 % of all respondents (n = 1228). The sex ratio was 1.65 in favour of men. The subjects considered that they had a level of competence in neurology higher than 6 of the nine specialities selected. These were nephrology, cardiology, rheumatology, endocrinology, psychiatry and geriatrics. Neurology was considered more difficult than cardiology, endocrinology, psychiatry and geriatrics. Subjects' level of knowledge in neurology was rated higher than in nephrology, cardiology, rheumatology, endocrinology, psychiatry and geriatrics. The subjects' level of interest in neurology was higher than in the other specialities. 27.46 % of subjects surveyed were neurophobic.
Conclusion
The impact of neurophobia remains harmful to public health, as it is a factor in the sub-optimal management of patients with neurological disorders.
{"title":"Neurophobia among students and interns at the Abidjan Faculty of Medicine (Côte d'Ivoire)","authors":"Kadjo Claude Valery Cedric Aka , Essoin-de Souza Tamia Nancy , Amon-tanoh Muriel , Agbo-Panzo Cedric , Offoumou Fiacre Delors , Aka Arlette Desirée , Baugnan Davide , Toa Bi Axel , Yapo-Ehounoud Constance , Tanoh Christian , Aka-Diarra Evelyne , Assi Berthe","doi":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>As defined by Jozefowicz in 1994, neurophobia is the fear of neuroscience and clinical neurology. We carried out this study, the first on neurophobia in the Ivory Coast, in order to assess its prevalence among medical students and interns in the Ivorian environment, to identify the factors involved and to propose solutions.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>This was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out during the 2022–2023 academic year at the Abidjan UFR of Medical Sciences. The study population consisted of all students in years 3<sup>ème</sup> to 6<sup>ème</sup> and hospital interns. The Schon questionnaire, transcribed using google form software, was sent to students using the “wathsapp” social network.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>We obtained 284 responses, i.e. 23 % of all respondents (<em>n</em> = 1228). The sex ratio was 1.65 in favour of men. The subjects considered that they had a level of competence in neurology higher than 6 of the nine specialities selected. These were nephrology, cardiology, rheumatology, endocrinology, psychiatry and geriatrics. Neurology was considered more difficult than cardiology, endocrinology, psychiatry and geriatrics. Subjects' level of knowledge in neurology was rated higher than in nephrology, cardiology, rheumatology, endocrinology, psychiatry and geriatrics. The subjects' level of interest in neurology was higher than in the other specialities. 27.46 % of subjects surveyed were neurophobic.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The impact of neurophobia remains harmful to public health, as it is a factor in the sub-optimal management of patients with neurological disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37974,"journal":{"name":"eNeurologicalSci","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100563
Patrick Stancu , Nicolae Sanda , Karl-Olof Lovblad , Nils Guinand , Andreas Kleinschmidt , José Bernardo Escribano Paredes
Area postrema syndrome (APS) is characterized by acute or subacute intractable nausea, vomiting, and/or hiccups lasting for at least 48 h. These symptoms can occur individually or in combination and are typically linked to periventricular brainstem lesions, particularly involving the area postrema (AP). The AP, a highly vascularized circumventricular organ located in the dorsal medulla oblongata, is supplied by the anterior spinal artery and perforating branches of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), making it susceptible to pathological processes that can lead to APS. APS rarely occurs in stroke patients, but has been seen with ischemic lesions in the medial brachium pontis. The underlying pathophysiology of APS remains unclear, but remote lesions from the AP suggest involvement of an autonomic network of neuronal structures. This article reports a rare case of APS caused by ischemic stroke near the area postrema, without accompanying neurological impairments. The case highlights the importance of vascular investigation in intractable APS cases, even without focal neurological symptoms, and supports the role of neuronal structures connected to the AP in APS development.
{"title":"Area postrema syndrome as the only sign of medullary infarction adjacent to area postrema","authors":"Patrick Stancu , Nicolae Sanda , Karl-Olof Lovblad , Nils Guinand , Andreas Kleinschmidt , José Bernardo Escribano Paredes","doi":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Area postrema syndrome (APS) is characterized by acute or subacute intractable nausea, vomiting, and/or hiccups lasting for at least 48 h. These symptoms can occur individually or in combination and are typically linked to periventricular brainstem lesions, particularly involving the area postrema (AP). The AP, a highly vascularized circumventricular organ located in the dorsal medulla oblongata, is supplied by the anterior spinal artery and perforating branches of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), making it susceptible to pathological processes that can lead to APS. APS rarely occurs in stroke patients, but has been seen with ischemic lesions in the medial brachium pontis. The underlying pathophysiology of APS remains unclear, but remote lesions from the AP suggest involvement of an autonomic network of neuronal structures. This article reports a rare case of APS caused by ischemic stroke near the area postrema, without accompanying neurological impairments. The case highlights the importance of vascular investigation in intractable APS cases, even without focal neurological symptoms, and supports the role of neuronal structures connected to the AP in APS development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37974,"journal":{"name":"eNeurologicalSci","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100557
Kunihisa Miwa
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Oral minocycline therapy as first-line treatment in patients with Myalgic encephalomyelitis and long COVID: A pilot study” [eNeurologicalSci 38 (2025) 100537].","authors":"Kunihisa Miwa","doi":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37974,"journal":{"name":"eNeurologicalSci","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100555
{"title":"Erratum regarding missing conflict of interests statements in previously published articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100555","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37974,"journal":{"name":"eNeurologicalSci","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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