Softw. Process. Improv. Pract.最新文献

英文中文

Product line requirements engineering in the context of process aspects in organizations with various domains 在具有不同领域的组织的过程方面上下文中进行产品线需求工程

Softw. Process. Improv. Pract.

Pub Date : 2009-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/spip.427

Alexander Poth

Software product lines are used today in many domains. The obvious conclusion is that product lines are a useful concept. This article describes practical experiences gained with the adaptation of ...

如今，软件产品线在许多领域都得到了应用。显而易见的结论是，产品线是一个有用的概念。这篇文章描述了在适应……方面获得的实际经验。

引用次数: 3

Software process: The end of an Era 软件进程:一个时代的终结

Softw. Process. Improv. Pract.

Pub Date : 2009-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/spip.447

D. Dalcher, D. Raffo

引用次数: 0

Lightweight SPI assessments: what is the real cost? 轻量级SPI评估:实际成本是多少?

Softw. Process. Improv. Pract.

Pub Date : 2009-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/spip.430

F. McCaffery, G. Coleman

In this article, we describe the implementation of an assessment method that was developed to assess software processes within small to medium-sized Irish software organisations that have little or no experience of software process improvement (SPI) programmes. We discuss the actual overheads associated with performing software process assessments based upon our experiences of performing assessments in three small to medium-sized (SMEs) software development companies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

引用次数: 16

Experience with Innovation Checks: a case study with 46 companies in Denmark 创新检查的经验:对丹麦46家公司的案例研究

Softw. Process. Improv. Pract.

Pub Date : 2009-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/spip.431

Jørn Johansen, Mads Christiansen

During a 2-year period DELTA has performed 46 Innovation Checks in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME) with great success. In addition to reported benefits experienced by the companies, the Innovation Checks have given us extensive knowledge of the companies' difficulties in having success with innovation in relation to the following five topics: product, processes, production, eBusiness (use of IT for business proposes), and marketing. This paper presents the method behind the Innovation Checks and conclusions reached from this important project carried out in cooperation with the Confederation of Danish Industry (DI). The main conclusions are: Companies don't have the necessary time to invest in innovation. Companies lack a business strategy that includes innovation. Without the time and focus, innovation will be ad-hoc rather than a mastered discipline. An Innovation Check does help companies with innovation here and now, but without a mastered innovation process it is likely to become a one-off event. This paper presents our experience from data and observations collected during the Innovation Checks. As the population is fairly small (46 companies) (Figure 1) the results are to be taken as observations and guidelines rather than scientific facts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

在两年的时间里，DELTA在中小企业(SME)中进行了46次创新检查，取得了巨大的成功。除了报告的公司所经历的利益外，创新检查还使我们广泛了解了公司在以下五个主题方面取得创新成功的困难:产品，流程，生产，电子商务(使用IT进行业务建议)和营销。本文介绍了创新检查背后的方法以及与丹麦工业联合会(DI)合作开展的这一重要项目得出的结论。主要结论是:公司没有必要的时间投资于创新。企业缺乏包括创新在内的商业战略。没有时间和重点，创新将是临时的，而不是一门精通的学科。创新检查确实可以帮助企业进行创新，但如果没有掌握创新过程，它很可能成为一次性事件。本文介绍了我们在创新检查期间收集的数据和观察的经验。由于人口相当少(46家公司)(图1)，结果将被视为观察和指导方针，而不是科学事实。版权所有©2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 6

Integrated Automotive SPICE and safety assessments 集成汽车SPICE和安全评估

Softw. Process. Improv. Pract.

Pub Date : 2009-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/spip.429

R. Messnarz, Hans-Leo Ross, S. Habel, Frank König, Abdelhadi Koundoussi, Jürgen Unterreitmayer, D. Ekert

In 2005 Automotive SPICE (based on ISO 15504) has been published (see ) and used in major automotive firms world wide. In parallel the topic ‘Functional Safety’ became important due to changes in liability law and the development of IEC 61508 as an application and branch independent standard for functional safety. As a result, ISO WD 26262 a ISO draft for functional safety has been initiated classifying systems with ASIL (automotive safety integrity levels) levels and requiring additional processes, techniques, and methods to illustrate the competence for managing systems that have an impact on the loss of lives. An Automotive SPICE assessment usually takes (for the processes defined in the scope of the German automotive manufacturing association) 4 days per project. Adding the scope of a safety assessment this dramatically increases the number of hours used in assessments. In a working group of major automotive suppliers and assessment tool suppliers, we developed from 2005 to 2009 an integrated assessment approach. Portals in the above-mentioned automotive suppliers already use this environment. The working group that elaborated the methods and tools described in this paper are part of the SOQRATES initiative () where more than 20 leading German firms collaborate in cross-company task forces. In this paper, we want to explain the results of the analysis done, the assessment model applied, and what kind of reports the integrated assessment environment is producing. The results of all work (except of the proprietary assessment tools) will be made public to all suppliers in 2009. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

2005年，汽车香料(基于ISO 15504)已经出版(见)，并在世界各地的主要汽车公司使用。与此同时，由于责任法的变化和IEC 61508作为功能安全的应用和分支独立标准的发展，“功能安全”主题变得重要。因此，ISO WD 26262(一个功能安全的ISO草案)已经开始用ASIL(汽车安全完整性等级)等级对系统进行分类，并要求额外的流程、技术和方法来说明管理对生命损失有影响的系统的能力。每个项目的汽车SPICE评估通常需要4天(对于在德国汽车制造协会范围内定义的过程)。增加安全评估的范围，这极大地增加了评估中使用的小时数。在一个由主要汽车供应商和评估工具供应商组成的工作组中，我们从2005年到2009年开发了一种综合评估方法。上述汽车供应商中的门户已经使用了这种环境。阐述本文中描述的方法和工具的工作组是SOQRATES计划()的一部分，其中20多家领先的德国公司在跨公司任务小组中合作。在本文中，我们想要解释所做的分析的结果，所应用的评估模型，以及综合评估环境正在产生什么样的报告。所有工作的结果(专有评估工具除外)将于2009年向所有供应商公布。版权所有©2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 26

MPS.BR: a successful program for software process improvement in Brazil 议员。BR:巴西一个成功的软件过程改进项目

Softw. Process. Improv. Pract.

Pub Date : 2009-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/spip.428

M. Montoni, A. Rocha, K. C. Weber

Software process improvement implementation based on software process reference models and standards is a complex and long-term endeavor that requires investment of large sums of money. These obstacles usually hinder organizations from implementing software process improvement successfully, especially for small and medium-size enterprises that operate under strict financial resources. This paper describes the MPS.BR, a nationwide program for software process improvement in Brazilian organizations. The main goal of this initiative is to develop and disseminate a Brazilian software process model (named MPS Model) aiming to establish a feasible pathway for organizations to achieve benefits from implementing software process improvement at reasonable costs, especially small and medium-size enterprises. This paper presents the main components of the MPS Model and discusses the strategy executed to establish and maintain a community of MPS Model practitioners. The results of MPS Model adoption and dissemination in Brazilian software industry are also presented in this paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

基于软件过程参考模型和标准的软件过程改进实现是一项复杂且长期的工作，需要大量资金的投入。这些障碍通常会阻碍组织成功地实现软件过程改进，特别是对于在严格的财务资源下运作的中小型企业。本文介绍了MPS。BR，巴西组织中用于软件过程改进的全国性计划。这个计划的主要目标是开发和传播一个巴西软件过程模型(命名为MPS模型)，旨在为组织建立一个可行的途径，以合理的成本实现软件过程改进，特别是中小型企业。本文介绍了MPS模型的主要组成部分，并讨论了建立和维护MPS模型实践者社区的执行策略。本文还介绍了MPS模型在巴西软件行业的应用和推广结果。版权所有©2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

引用次数: 53

Implementation of Global Software Development: a structured approach 全球软件开发的实现:一种结构化方法

Softw. Process. Improv. Pract.

Pub Date : 2009-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/spip.422

Valentine Casey, Ita Richardson

The analysis of a 3-year in-depth case study on virtual team operation in a globally distributed software development resulted in the identification of ten key factors for Global Software Development (GSD). These ten factors have been utilised as the basis for the development of the GSD Implementation Model. The objective of the creation and presentation of this model is to provide a practical and systematic approach to address the key activities, infrastructure and support which are required to facilitate effective distributed software development. This approach is inspired by the IDEALsm model and divided into five specific phases which are classified as Initiating, Provisioning, Establishing, Managing and Leveraging. The goal of the Initiating phase is to clearly determine why, if and how the distributed development strategy is to be selected and undertaken. The implementation of the Provisioning phase is to ensure that the required infrastructure, processes and support to facilitate successful distributed software development are identified and put in place. The focus of the Establishing phase is to ensure that the development teams are effectively established. The Managing phase addresses the day-to-day requirements of operating efficiently in a distributed environment. The Leveraging phase concentrates on the need to ensure that the structures and procedures are in place so that lessons learned can be documented and leveraged in existing and future projects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

本文对全球分布式软件开发中虚拟团队运作的3年深入案例研究进行了分析，得出了全球软件开发(GSD)的十个关键因素。这十个因素已被用作开发GSD实施模型的基础。这个模型的创建和呈现的目标是提供一个实用的和系统的方法来处理关键活动、基础设施和支持，这些都是促进有效的分布式软件开发所必需的。该方法受到了IDEALsm模型的启发，并分为五个具体阶段，分别是初始化、供应、建立、管理和利用。初始阶段的目标是清楚地确定为什么、是否以及如何选择和实施分布式开发策略。供应阶段的实现是为了确保所需的基础设施、过程和支持，以促进成功的分布式软件开发，并将其确定和放置到位。建立阶段的重点是确保有效地建立开发团队。管理阶段处理在分布式环境中高效操作的日常需求。杠杆阶段集中于确保结构和程序到位的需要，以便吸取的经验教训可以被记录下来，并在现有和未来的项目中加以利用。版权所有©2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 44

SPI experiences and innovation for Global Software Development SPI在全球软件开发方面的经验和创新

Softw. Process. Improv. Pract.

Pub Date : 2009-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/spip.432

M. Biró, R. Messnarz

• An annual EuroSPI conference supported by Software Process Improvement Networks from different European (EU) countries. • Establishing an Internet-based knowledge library, newsletters and a set of proceedings and recommended books. • Establishing an effective team of national representatives (from each EU country) growing step by step into more countries of Europe. • Establishing a European Qualification Framework for a pool of professions related to software process improvement (SPI) and management. This is supported by European certificates and exam systems.

•由来自不同欧洲(EU)国家的软件过程改进网络支持的年度EuroSPI会议。•建立一个基于互联网的知识库，通讯和一套会议记录和推荐书籍。•建立一个有效的国家代表团队(来自每个欧盟国家)，逐步进入更多的欧洲国家。•为与软件过程改进(SPI)和管理相关的专业人员建立欧洲资格框架。这得到了欧洲证书和考试系统的支持。

引用次数: 9

Benefits of global software development: exploring the unexplored 全球软件开发的好处:探索未开发的领域

Softw. Process. Improv. Pract.

Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/spip.417

Eoin Ó Conchúir, H. H. Olsson, Pär J. Ågerfalk, Brian Fitzgerald

Organizations are increasingly moving to the global software development (GSD) model because of significant benefits that can accrue. However, GSD is fraught with challenges arising from geographical, temporal and socio-cultural distances. The emphasis in the literature to date has typically been on how to overcome the challenges associated with GSD. While a number of GSD benefits have been widely referred to in the literature, there are also a number of less obvious benefits that can be inferred as potentially accruing from GSD. In this article, we identify the various benefits of GSD, labeling them as ‘referred’ and ‘inferred’, respectively. We provide a categorization in terms of (a) organizational, (b) team and (c) process-task. While the ‘referred’ benefits most often apply at the organizational level (e.g. cost savings, access to large multi-skilled workforces, reduced time to market and proximity to customer), the ‘inferred’ benefits apply to a greater extent at team and process-task level (e.g. task modularization, team autonomy, improved documentation and clearly defined processes). In the decision of whether or not to globalize software development activities, a categorization including both ‘referred’ and ‘inferred’ benefits will be helpful in providing a synthesis of all potential benefits associated with GSD. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

组织越来越多地转向全球软件开发(GSD)模型，因为可以获得显著的好处。然而，GSD充满了来自地理、时间和社会文化距离的挑战。迄今为止，文献中的重点通常是关于如何克服与GSD相关的挑战。虽然许多GSD的好处在文献中被广泛提及，但也有一些不太明显的好处可以推断出可能从GSD中产生。在本文中，我们确定了GSD的各种好处，分别将它们标记为“参考”和“推断”。我们根据(a)组织，(b)团队和(c)过程任务提供分类。虽然“提及”的好处通常适用于组织层面(例如，节省成本，获得大量多技能劳动力，缩短上市时间和接近客户)，但“推断”的好处更大程度上适用于团队和过程任务层面(例如，任务模块化，团队自治，改进文档和明确定义的过程)。在决定是否全球化软件开发活动时，包括“参考的”和“推断的”利益的分类将有助于提供与GSD相关的所有潜在利益的综合。版权所有©2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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引用次数: 53

Quantitative defects management in iterative development with BiDefect 使用BiDefect进行迭代开发中的定量缺陷管理

Softw. Process. Improv. Pract.

Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/spip.413

L. Gou, Qing Wang, Junhao Yuan, Ye Yang, Mingshu Li, Nan Jiang

Iterative development methodology has been widely adopted in recent years since it is flexible and capable of dealing with requirement volatility. However, how to quantitatively manage iterative projects, and in particular, how to quantitatively manage defects across multiple iterations, remains a challenging issue. In this article, we identify three main challenges of quantitative defects management in iterative development in a leading Chinese telecommunications company (named ZZNode). The three challenges are: identifying appropriate ‘control points’ in each iteration, selecting appropriate measures and corresponding measurement methods, and determining the ‘sweet spot’ amount of effort for performing testing and defect-fixing activities. We propose a process performance Baselines based iteration Defects management (BiDefect) method to address the three challenges. We also report an industrial experience where several iterative development projects of ZZNode successfully applied the BiDefect method in initial estimating, analyzing, re-estimating, and controlling number of defects and defect detecting-fixing effort. In addition, we provide the evaluation of using BiDefect method, and discuss the benefits and lessons learned from BiDefect and its application. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

迭代开发方法由于其灵活性和处理需求波动的能力，近年来被广泛采用。然而，如何定量地管理迭代项目，特别是如何定量地管理跨多个迭代的缺陷，仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。在这篇文章中，我们确定了在中国一家领先的电信公司(名为ZZNode)的迭代开发中定量缺陷管理的三个主要挑战。这三个挑战是:在每个迭代中确定适当的“控制点”，选择适当的度量和相应的度量方法，并确定执行测试和缺陷修复活动的工作量的“最佳点”。我们提出一个基于迭代缺陷管理(BiDefect)方法的过程性能基线来解决这三个挑战。我们还报告了一个工业经验，其中ZZNode的几个迭代开发项目成功地在初始估计、分析、重新估计和控制缺陷数量以及缺陷检测-修复工作中应用了BiDefect方法。此外，我们还提供了使用BiDefect方法的评估，并讨论了BiDefect及其应用的好处和经验教训。版权所有©2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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