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The Problems of Determining the Time and Legal Consequences of the Occurrence of the Human Right to Life and Health in the Context of Recoding the Civil Law of Ukraine 乌克兰民法背景下生命健康权发生的时间和法律后果的确定问题
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1163/2211906x-10010007
V. Yarotskiy, N. Fedorchenko, Iryna I. Puchkovska
The article is devoted to the consideration of the problem of determining the time when a person’s right to life and health arises. Excluding from the criteria the point at which a person acquires the right to life would strengthen the civil legal protection of the relevant subjective civil law. This may lead to the need to recognise, as the time of occurrence of the right to inheritance, that the accumulation of the composition of these circumstances cannot exist without legal capacity. It is proposed to introduce into the categorical apparatus of civil law the concept of ‘special civil capacity’. The emergence of special civil capacity and a subjective civil right to life will be linked to the above circumstances; the ability to have other subjective civil rights will be associated with the fact of birth.
该条专门讨论确定一个人的生命权和健康权何时产生的问题。将生命权取得点排除在标准之外,将加强相关主观民法的民事法律保护。这可能导致需要认识到,作为继承权发生的时间,这些情况的构成的积累不能没有法律行为能力而存在。建议将“特殊民事行为能力”的概念引入民法范畴机制。特殊民事行为能力和主观民事生命权的出现将与上述情况联系起来;拥有其他主观民事权利的能力将与出生事实联系在一起。
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引用次数: 0
The Civil Code of Ukraine – A Reliable Regulator of Civil Relations in Civil Society 乌克兰民法典——公民社会中民事关系的可靠规范
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1163/2211906x-10010002
N. Kuznietsova, O. Petryshyn, D. Pylypenko
This article is a study of the Civil Code of Ukraine as the main regulator of civil relations in civil society. The history of adoption of the Civil Code of Ukraine and its conceptual foundations were reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the problem of dualism of private law in Ukraine. The structure and content of the Civil Code of Ukraine were analysed. Attention is also paid to the main novelties of the Civil Code of Ukraine. The principal rules for the regulation of legal entities were analysed. Novelties in defining the object composition of civil legal relations are considered. Particular attention is paid to the main directions of modern scientific research in the field of the civil law of Ukraine. The study confirms the urgent need for a thorough recodification of the Ukrainian civil law, with mandatory consideration of the experience of the implementation of modern recodifications in many European countries.
本文研究的是作为公民社会民事关系主要规范者的乌克兰民法典。回顾了乌克兰民法典的通过历史及其概念基础。特别注意的是乌克兰私法的二元论问题。分析了乌克兰民法典的结构和内容。还注意到乌克兰民法典的主要新颖之处。分析了法律实体规制的主要规则。考虑了界定民事法律关系客体构成的新颖性。特别关注乌克兰民法领域现代科学研究的主要方向。这项研究证实,迫切需要对乌克兰民法进行彻底的再认证,同时必须考虑到许多欧洲国家执行现代再认证的经验。
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引用次数: 3
A Pan-European Dimension to the Implementation and Protection of Civil Rights 公民权利实施和保护的泛欧层面
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1163/2211906x-10010006
M. Suleimenov, O. Kot, Serhii O. Pohribnyi
The study of subjective law in the scientific and theoretical literature has a long history, which is conditioned by the crucial importance of this category for private law in general and legal relations in particular. The purpose of the article is to analyse the pan-European dimension of the exercise and protection of civil rights. Key methods of research used are the method of comparative legal analysis and the method of linguistic and systematic interpretation of legal texts. It was concluded that the court’s method of protecting subjective civil rights must comply with the rules of law and their meaning, which should be understood on the basis of a systematic analysis of the mechanism for legal regulation.
科学和理论文献中对主观法的研究有着悠久的历史,这是因为这一类别对一般私法特别是法律关系至关重要。本文的目的是分析公民权利行使和保护的泛欧洲层面。所使用的主要研究方法是比较法律分析方法和法律文本的语言和系统解释方法。结论是,法院保护公民主观权利的方法必须符合法律规则及其含义,应在系统分析法律监管机制的基础上理解法律规则及其意义。
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引用次数: 5
Convergence of the Contract Law of Ukraine and EU Member States 乌克兰与欧盟成员国合同法的趋同
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1163/2211906x-10010010
V. Luts, A. Hryniak, M. Pleniuk, Valeriia V. Krykoves
The purpose of the article is to analyse the modern contract law of Ukraine, which requires convergence with the provisions of the contract law of the countries of the European Community. The paper uses general scientific and special legal methods of scientific knowledge of private-law relations. The leading method of investigation of this issue is the modelling technique. In general, the issues of contractual regulation of private-law relations both in European Union law and in Ukraine are primarily addressed in terms of enhancing the role of the contract and shifting the emphasis from the statutory to individual regulation; strengthening the tendencies of the better legal protection of the interests of the weak side of the contractual obligation. Attention is drawn to the necessity of the introduction of a European methodology of binding law, which is reflected in the need for a combination of new and already known effective legal structures.
本文的目的是分析乌克兰的现代合同法,这需要与欧洲共同体国家的合同法的规定趋同。本文运用一般科学的法学方法和特殊的法学方法对私法关系进行科学认识。研究这一问题的主要方法是建模技术。总的来说,欧洲联盟法和乌克兰法中对私法关系的合同规制的问题主要是从加强合同的作用和将重点从法定规制转向个人规制的角度来解决的;加强对合同义务薄弱方利益的法律保护倾向较好。委员会提请注意,必须采用一种欧洲的约束性法律方法,这反映在需要将新的和已知的有效法律结构结合起来。
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引用次数: 1
Protection of Intellectual Property Rights: Towards Harmonisation of Ukrainian and EU Law 知识产权保护:促进乌克兰和欧盟法律的协调
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1163/2211906x-10010016
V. Kossak, I. Yakubivskyi, M. Oprysko
The article analyses the civil law means of protecting the ownership rights to intellectual property from the standpoint of Ukrainian law and practice. The focus is on those means of protecting intellectual property rights envisaged by the Association Agreement between the EU and the eaec and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part, and outlines the prospects for their practical implementation within the legal framework of Ukraine. Among the means of protecting intellectual property rights, prohibition of the misuse of intellectual property in a specific way is considered. The paper also analyses the ways of protecting intellectual property rights, which are aimed at restoring the situation that existed prior to their violation, in particular, the removal from the civil circulation of goods manufactured or put into civil circulation, thus causing a violation of intellectual property rights, and subsequent destruction of such goods.
本文从乌克兰法律和实践的角度分析了知识产权所有权保护的民法手段。重点是欧盟与欧亚经济共同体及其成员国(一方)和乌克兰(另一方)之间的联系国协定所设想的保护知识产权的手段,并概述了在乌克兰法律框架内实际实施这些手段的前景。在保护知识产权的手段中,以特定的方式禁止知识产权的滥用。文章还分析了知识产权保护的方式,其目的是为了恢复侵犯知识产权之前的状态,特别是将制造或投入民事流通的造成知识产权侵犯的商品从民事流通中移除,并随后销毁该商品。
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引用次数: 0
Arbitrary Judicial Interference in Human Rights Guaranteed by the Convention 对《公约》保障的人权的任意司法干预
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1163/2211906x-10010014
S. A. Slipchenko, Oleh Syniehubov, Aleksandr R. Shyshka, Vikoriia V. Valakh
The purpose of this study is to improve the approaches to the resolution of disputes arising from the arbitrary interference of the judiciary with human rights stipulated by the Convention. The methodological basis of this study consists of: the method of comparative legal analysis; the method of linguistic and systematic interpretation of legal texts; and synthesis of European Court of Human Rights decisions. The paper examines European Court of Human Rights decisions regarding arbitrary interference by the state with human rights. The authors of this scientific paper identify groups of the most common human rights breaches arising from the administration of justice by national courts. The results of the study suggest that it seems necessary and justified in any democratic society to have certain safeguards in the law of the respective state, namely, a certain set of legal safeguards against arbitrary interference with human rights by the judiciary.
本研究的目的是改进解决因司法部门任意干涉《公约》规定的人权而引起的争端的方法。本研究的方法论基础包括:比较法律分析法;法律文本的语言和系统解释方法;以及欧洲人权法院裁决的综合。本文件审查了欧洲人权法院关于国家任意干涉人权的裁决。这篇科学论文的作者确定了国家法院司法中最常见的侵犯人权行为。研究结果表明,在任何民主社会中,在各自国家的法律中制定某些保障措施似乎都是必要和合理的,即针对司法部门任意干涉人权的某种法律保障措施。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of the Right to Inheritance: Problems of Theory and Practice 继承权的实施:理论与实践问题
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1163/2211906x-10010015
S. Bychkova, N. Bilianska, Tetiana Fedosieieva
The article is devoted to the research into problematic aspects of exercising the right of inheritance by different categories of entities. As a result of the research conducted, recommendations for improvements to Ukrainian legislation have been developed. The status of a child born after 10 months and as a result of the use of assisted reproductive technologies after the death of one spouse should be determined at the legislative level. It also would be expedient in the Civil Code of Ukraine to fix the testator’s rights to settle the issue of birth of his children in the will through the use of assisted reproductive technologies after his death and to appoint such children as heirs. In addition, the Civil Code of Ukraine should provide for the possibility of individuals recognised as missing, to be heirs, and to secure the right to have a guardian over the property of such persons.
本文致力于研究不同类别实体行使继承权的问题方面。根据所进行的研究,提出了改进乌克兰立法的建议。应在立法层面确定配偶一方死亡后因使用辅助生殖技术而在10个月后出生的儿童的状况。乌克兰《民法典》还规定,立遗嘱人有权在其死后通过使用辅助生殖技术在遗嘱中解决其子女的出生问题,并指定这些子女为继承人。此外,《乌克兰民法典》应规定被确认失踪的个人有可能成为继承人,并确保对这些人的财产拥有监护人的权利。
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引用次数: 0
Re-codification of the Civil Law of Ukraine: On the Way to European Integration 乌克兰民法再法典化:走向欧洲一体化之路
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1163/2211906x-10010001
V. Tatsiy
In Ukraine’s foreign policy, European integration is one of the highest priorities. This applies to all areas that are controlled by the authorities, as well as those supported by public organisations. When analysing and observing social processes that have been taking place in the past few years, to a certain extent, one can track the impact of European integration processes on society. There is active work taking place with young people in educational, health and social projects. Changes are being made in support of people with disabilities, namely, the needs of such people are beginning to be considered when constructing buildings and laying roads, and in the technical planning of cities, but what is more significant is a change in the attitude of society towards such people. The main strategic document of the European integration processes is the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union. This agreement spells out Ukraine’s obligations to the European Union, as well as what the European Union will contribute to on the path to European integration. This issue demonstrates how European integration has influenced and can affect Ukrainian legislation in the field of civil law. The essence of the Civil Code of Ukraine is presented, as well as how changes are taking place in financial markets, in the protection of civil rights, intellectual property and inheritance. Below we offer a closer look at the research vectors that are presented in this issue. Nataliia S. Kuznietsova, Oleksandr V. Petryshyn and Denys S. Pylypenko studied the Civil Code of Ukraine, namely the history of its creation, innovations that are occurring due to European integration and the conceptual foundations of the Code. The authors thoroughly analysed the code from the Global Journal of Comparative Law 10 (2021) 1-4
在乌克兰的外交政策中,欧洲一体化是最优先事项之一。这适用于所有由当局控制的领域,以及由公共组织支持的领域。在分析和观察过去几年发生的社会进程时,在一定程度上可以跟踪欧洲一体化进程对社会的影响。在教育、保健和社会项目中,积极开展针对青年人的工作。在支持残疾人方面正在发生变化,即在建造建筑物和铺设道路以及在城市的技术规划中开始考虑残疾人的需求,但更重要的是社会对残疾人的态度发生了变化。欧洲一体化进程的主要战略文件是乌克兰与欧盟的联系国协定。这项协议阐明了乌克兰对欧洲联盟的义务,以及欧洲联盟在欧洲一体化道路上将作出的贡献。这一问题表明欧洲一体化如何影响并可能影响乌克兰民法领域的立法。介绍了乌克兰民法典的实质,以及金融市场、保护公民权利、知识产权和继承方面正在发生的变化。下面我们将详细介绍本期中提出的研究向量。Nataliia S. Kuznietsova, Oleksandr V. Petryshyn和Denys S. Pylypenko研究了乌克兰民法典,即其创建的历史,由于欧洲一体化和法典的概念基础而发生的创新。作者对《全球比较法杂志》第10期(2021)1-4号的法典进行了深入分析
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引用次数: 1
The Legal Status of a Company after Decision on Its Liquidation 公司清算决定后的法律地位
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1163/2211906x-10010011
V. Khomenko, Leonid V. Efimenko, Valentyna A. Vasilyeva
Entrepreneurial activity is one of the main factors in the development of the market economy of the state, the internal and external markets of Ukraine and innovative industries. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to analyse the peculiarities of the legal position of a company after a decision has been made to terminate it. It is established that the liquidation of legal entities is performed without the transfer of the rights and obligations of the liquidated enterprise to other persons, i.e. without succession. Upon liquidation of the enterprise, its rights and obligations are terminated. The current civil legislation does not provide for the limitation of the powers of the liquidation commission in cases of liquidation based on a court decision. It is argued that the liquidation commission be terminated when an entry on termination of the activity of a legal entity is made in the unified state register.
创业活动是国家市场经济、乌克兰内外市场和创新产业发展的主要因素之一。因此,本文的主要目的是分析公司在决定终止后的法律地位的特殊性。法律实体的清算是在没有将被清算企业的权利和义务转移给他人的情况下进行的,即没有继承。企业清算时,其权利义务终止。现行民事立法没有规定在法院判决清算的情况下限制清算委员会的权力。有人认为,当在统一的国家登记册中登记法人活动的终止时,清算委员会即被终止。
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引用次数: 0
The Reform of Civil Legislation on Legal Liability 民事法律责任立法改革
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1163/2211906x-10010009
Yurii Prytyka, M. M. Khomenko, I. Bulat
The article is devoted to the research of the institute of civil liability through the prism of recoding of the civil legislation of Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the experience of a number of European Union countries in reforming civil legislation. The study used the following methods: dialectical, formal and legal, comparative legal. In the process of future recoding of the civil legislation of Ukraine, it is proposed to focus the attention of the expert community on the following problems: defining a system of non-contractual obligations; overcoming the dominance of blanket norms in the main act of civil law; revision of fundamental approaches to terms of exemption from civil liability; full revision of the rules governing liability for breach of monetary obligations; the need to enshrine pre-contractual liability rules; the implementation of institution of collective redress in substantive civil law; rethinking of approaches to the regulation of conditioning obligations.
本文以乌克兰民事立法的重新编纂为视角,对民事责任制度进行了研究。特别注意到一些欧洲联盟国家在改革民事立法方面的经验。本研究采用了辨证法、形式法、比较法等方法。在今后对乌克兰民事立法进行重新编码的过程中,建议将专家社区的注意力集中在以下问题上:确定非合同义务制度;克服一揽子规范在民法主体行为中的主导地位修改民事责任免除条件的基本途径全面修订关于违反货币义务的责任的规则;载入合同前责任规则的必要性;集体救济制度在实体法中的实施重新思考调节条件义务的方法。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Global Journal of Comparative Law
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