Pub Date : 1989-04-11DOI: 10.1109/MELCON.1989.50032
O. Plata, F. F. Rivera, E. Zapata, I. Benavides
A description is given of ACLAN (Array C LANguage), a programming language that extends C language by endowing it with parallel structures for programming array processors. Operators are provided which control local (intranode) and remote (internode) data transfer, and the programmer can specify the registers or local memory locations of the nodes involved in this operation. In spite of this low-level capability. ACLAN is completely machine-independent. The authors describe the basic features of ACLAN and present an image-processing application example written in ACLAN.<>
介绍了数组C语言ACLAN (Array C LANguage)，它是对C语言的一种扩展，赋予C语言并行结构，用于数组处理器的编程。提供了控制本地(内节点)和远程(节点间)数据传输的操作符，程序员可以指定参与此操作的节点的寄存器或本地内存位置。尽管有这种低级的能力。ACLAN完全独立于机器。介绍了ACLAN的基本特点，并给出了一个用ACLAN. b>编写的图像处理应用实例
{"title":"ACLAN: a parallel programming language for signal processing","authors":"O. Plata, F. F. Rivera, E. Zapata, I. Benavides","doi":"10.1109/MELCON.1989.50032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELCON.1989.50032","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of ACLAN (Array C LANguage), a programming language that extends C language by endowing it with parallel structures for programming array processors. Operators are provided which control local (intranode) and remote (internode) data transfer, and the programmer can specify the registers or local memory locations of the nodes involved in this operation. In spite of this low-level capability. ACLAN is completely machine-independent. The authors describe the basic features of ACLAN and present an image-processing application example written in ACLAN.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":380214,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Electrotechnical Conference Integrating Research, Industry and Education in Energy and Communication Engineering',","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128282086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-04-11DOI: 10.1109/MELCON.1989.50157
Y. Rahim, A. Alolah
The authors describe the process of updating and renewing the electrical machine laboratory at King Saud University that accompanied the movement of the University to its new campus at Dhareya. Particular attention is given to the old equipment that has been preserved and to the potential of the new equipment. It is noted that the research facilities may be improved if a computer system is introduced in the lab. Also, the solid-state drive facilities may be improved by the introduction of a 400 Hz generator.<>
{"title":"Developments in the electrical machine laboratory at King Saud University","authors":"Y. Rahim, A. Alolah","doi":"10.1109/MELCON.1989.50157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELCON.1989.50157","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe the process of updating and renewing the electrical machine laboratory at King Saud University that accompanied the movement of the University to its new campus at Dhareya. Particular attention is given to the old equipment that has been preserved and to the potential of the new equipment. It is noted that the research facilities may be improved if a computer system is introduced in the lab. Also, the solid-state drive facilities may be improved by the introduction of a 400 Hz generator.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":380214,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Electrotechnical Conference Integrating Research, Industry and Education in Energy and Communication Engineering',","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130071435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-04-11DOI: 10.1109/MELCON.1989.50037
N. García, C. Muñoz, A. Sanz
Summary form only given. Image-compression techniques are analyzed for still images, examining the underlying mathematical background. Particular attention is given to point analysis, block analysis, scanning area analysis, whole analysis, and bilevel images. The extension of these techniques to moving images is studied, the main approaches used are described. Attention is given to intrafield, intraframe, interfield, and interframe.<>
{"title":"Image coding: Strategies and applications","authors":"N. García, C. Muñoz, A. Sanz","doi":"10.1109/MELCON.1989.50037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELCON.1989.50037","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Image-compression techniques are analyzed for still images, examining the underlying mathematical background. Particular attention is given to point analysis, block analysis, scanning area analysis, whole analysis, and bilevel images. The extension of these techniques to moving images is studied, the main approaches used are described. Attention is given to intrafield, intraframe, interfield, and interframe.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":380214,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Electrotechnical Conference Integrating Research, Industry and Education in Energy and Communication Engineering',","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125616881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-04-11DOI: 10.1109/MELCON.1989.50098
E. Sousa
The author considers a multiple access communication system using direct-sequence spread-spectrum signaling as in a terrestrial packet radio network or a multiple-access satellite channel. A technique to characterize multiuser interference and background noise is introduced, and packet error probabilities are calculated. The multiuser interference over a packet in the network is modeled as a compound Gaussian multivariate random variable for moderate to large values of the processing gain. The conditional variance is dependent on the number of users and their interference powers. The best performance results, in terms of the expected total interference power, are obtained for the case of a large number of interferers with comparable interference powers. For small values of SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) the probability of error is smaller than that corresponding to Gaussian noise, and for large values of SNR it is larger.<>
{"title":"Packet error probability calculation in a direct sequence spread spectrum network","authors":"E. Sousa","doi":"10.1109/MELCON.1989.50098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELCON.1989.50098","url":null,"abstract":"The author considers a multiple access communication system using direct-sequence spread-spectrum signaling as in a terrestrial packet radio network or a multiple-access satellite channel. A technique to characterize multiuser interference and background noise is introduced, and packet error probabilities are calculated. The multiuser interference over a packet in the network is modeled as a compound Gaussian multivariate random variable for moderate to large values of the processing gain. The conditional variance is dependent on the number of users and their interference powers. The best performance results, in terms of the expected total interference power, are obtained for the case of a large number of interferers with comparable interference powers. For small values of SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) the probability of error is smaller than that corresponding to Gaussian noise, and for large values of SNR it is larger.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":380214,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Electrotechnical Conference Integrating Research, Industry and Education in Energy and Communication Engineering',","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122563123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-04-11DOI: 10.1109/MELCON.1989.49970
F. Mocci, M. Tosi
The different basic topologies of DC/DC converters (buck, boost, and buck-boost) are compared with a view to their use in PV (photovoltaic) systems, where maximum power tracking of the PV array is required as climatic conditions and load vary, in order to optimize the efficiency of the conversion chain. The existence of dissipative elements in a real converter is taken into account in order to assess the efficiency obtainable with varying modulation parameters. Efficiency expressions are found for the three basic converter types used in such applications. It is found that the nature of the load plays a decisive role in the choice of topology. Where the load it inductive, as is the case for motors, the most suitable converter appears to be the buck type. In the other cases the choice is more complex and a careful analysis is required in order to find the optimum solution. The frequency ranges and semiconductor devices most suited to the different applications are briefly discussed. The possibility of using resonant and quasi-resonant conversion techniques for particular applications with high operating frequencies and lightweight equipment is examined.<>
{"title":"Comparison of power converter technologies in photovoltaic applications","authors":"F. Mocci, M. Tosi","doi":"10.1109/MELCON.1989.49970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELCON.1989.49970","url":null,"abstract":"The different basic topologies of DC/DC converters (buck, boost, and buck-boost) are compared with a view to their use in PV (photovoltaic) systems, where maximum power tracking of the PV array is required as climatic conditions and load vary, in order to optimize the efficiency of the conversion chain. The existence of dissipative elements in a real converter is taken into account in order to assess the efficiency obtainable with varying modulation parameters. Efficiency expressions are found for the three basic converter types used in such applications. It is found that the nature of the load plays a decisive role in the choice of topology. Where the load it inductive, as is the case for motors, the most suitable converter appears to be the buck type. In the other cases the choice is more complex and a careful analysis is required in order to find the optimum solution. The frequency ranges and semiconductor devices most suited to the different applications are briefly discussed. The possibility of using resonant and quasi-resonant conversion techniques for particular applications with high operating frequencies and lightweight equipment is examined.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":380214,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Electrotechnical Conference Integrating Research, Industry and Education in Energy and Communication Engineering',","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126611566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-04-11DOI: 10.1109/MELCON.1989.50027
F. Class, P. Regel, K. Trottler
Algorithms for a fast speaker adaptation in a speech-recognition system are described. The techniques aim at transformations of the feature vectors, which have to be optimized with respect to some constraints. The methods transform every feature vector, computed in a 10-ms frame rate, into a speaker-normalized vector. The advantage of adaptation by transforming the feature vectors is that this procedure can be applied no matter which classification scheme is used. It is shown that, by means of adaptation procedures based on statistical correlation analysis, error rates as low as those of a speaker-dependent recognition system can be achieved after an extremely short training phase with any new speaker. The key is that the feature vectors are extended nonlinearly to a polynomial vector of second or higher order. Since the algorithms necessary for calculating the transformation matrices are typical for signal processing a real-time implementation on digital signal processors appears feasible.<>
{"title":"Speaker adaptation for recognition systems with a large vocabulary","authors":"F. Class, P. Regel, K. Trottler","doi":"10.1109/MELCON.1989.50027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELCON.1989.50027","url":null,"abstract":"Algorithms for a fast speaker adaptation in a speech-recognition system are described. The techniques aim at transformations of the feature vectors, which have to be optimized with respect to some constraints. The methods transform every feature vector, computed in a 10-ms frame rate, into a speaker-normalized vector. The advantage of adaptation by transforming the feature vectors is that this procedure can be applied no matter which classification scheme is used. It is shown that, by means of adaptation procedures based on statistical correlation analysis, error rates as low as those of a speaker-dependent recognition system can be achieved after an extremely short training phase with any new speaker. The key is that the feature vectors are extended nonlinearly to a polynomial vector of second or higher order. Since the algorithms necessary for calculating the transformation matrices are typical for signal processing a real-time implementation on digital signal processors appears feasible.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":380214,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Electrotechnical Conference Integrating Research, Industry and Education in Energy and Communication Engineering',","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127931611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-04-11DOI: 10.1109/MELCON.1989.50011
R. Cusani
Two multiplication-free correlators (the hybrid sign and polarity coincidence correlators) are analyzed as fast alternatives to the direct multiply-and-accumulate technique in time delay measurements. Their accuracy limits are given for general signal and noise spectra and their dependence on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), observation interval, and signal bandwidth is analyzed for a reference case, PC (polarity coincidence) variance has been verified to decrease uniformly with increasing SNR while HS (hybrid sign) variance does not. PC is verified to be a powerful tool if a certain loss in accuracy can be tolerated or recovered by properly enlarging the observation interval.<>
{"title":"Fast techniques for time delay estimation","authors":"R. Cusani","doi":"10.1109/MELCON.1989.50011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELCON.1989.50011","url":null,"abstract":"Two multiplication-free correlators (the hybrid sign and polarity coincidence correlators) are analyzed as fast alternatives to the direct multiply-and-accumulate technique in time delay measurements. Their accuracy limits are given for general signal and noise spectra and their dependence on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), observation interval, and signal bandwidth is analyzed for a reference case, PC (polarity coincidence) variance has been verified to decrease uniformly with increasing SNR while HS (hybrid sign) variance does not. PC is verified to be a powerful tool if a certain loss in accuracy can be tolerated or recovered by properly enlarging the observation interval.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":380214,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Electrotechnical Conference Integrating Research, Industry and Education in Energy and Communication Engineering',","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129191736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-04-11DOI: 10.1109/MELCON.1989.50083
M. Marchesi, G. Orlandi, F. Piazza
The authors describe work currently being carried out to develop CAD (computer-aided design) tools for network synthesis using object-oriented programming. This work deals with traditional passive linear network synthesis. The mathematical and numerical analysis concepts related to it, namely complex numbers, polynomials, and rational functions, are analyzed, and their object-oriented description is given. The analysis and the proposed object decomposition is then extended to the characteristics and the properties of electric components and circuits. Some examples of applications developed using the defined objects are then given. The data structure developed has been successfully tested in the development of an expert system for linear passive network synthesis.<>
{"title":"Network synthesis using object-oriented programming","authors":"M. Marchesi, G. Orlandi, F. Piazza","doi":"10.1109/MELCON.1989.50083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELCON.1989.50083","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe work currently being carried out to develop CAD (computer-aided design) tools for network synthesis using object-oriented programming. This work deals with traditional passive linear network synthesis. The mathematical and numerical analysis concepts related to it, namely complex numbers, polynomials, and rational functions, are analyzed, and their object-oriented description is given. The analysis and the proposed object decomposition is then extended to the characteristics and the properties of electric components and circuits. Some examples of applications developed using the defined objects are then given. The data structure developed has been successfully tested in the development of an expert system for linear passive network synthesis.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":380214,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Electrotechnical Conference Integrating Research, Industry and Education in Energy and Communication Engineering',","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130392741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-04-11DOI: 10.1109/MELCON.1989.50040
A. O. Osinubi, R. A. King
Transform predictive coding of pictorial data using the naturalness-preserving transform (NPT) is investigated. The hybrid coding system uses one-dimensional NPTs and parallel differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) systems. The problem of determining the basis giving the minimum mean square error (MSE) for coding images is addressed. Results of coding schemes using the Hadamard NPT and the sine NPT are presented. Superior performance was achieved by adapting the NPT bases to image subarray statistics. The MSE improvement is higher at low bit rates.<>
{"title":"Predictive naturalness preserving transform coding of monochrome images","authors":"A. O. Osinubi, R. A. King","doi":"10.1109/MELCON.1989.50040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELCON.1989.50040","url":null,"abstract":"Transform predictive coding of pictorial data using the naturalness-preserving transform (NPT) is investigated. The hybrid coding system uses one-dimensional NPTs and parallel differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) systems. The problem of determining the basis giving the minimum mean square error (MSE) for coding images is addressed. Results of coding schemes using the Hadamard NPT and the sine NPT are presented. Superior performance was achieved by adapting the NPT bases to image subarray statistics. The MSE improvement is higher at low bit rates.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":380214,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Electrotechnical Conference Integrating Research, Industry and Education in Energy and Communication Engineering',","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130504044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-04-11DOI: 10.1109/MELCON.1989.50107
M. De Sario, A. D’orazio, V. Lanave, V. Petruzzelli
The authors propose a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) duplexer based on a nonuniform frequency-dependent coupler whose spectral selectivity depends on appropriate taper-functions for the coupling coefficient in the case of codirectional interaction. The frequency response of the codirectional tapered coupler is governed by the Riccati equation, the coupling characteristics being calculated in terms of the supermodes of the overall structure and of the modes of the individual waveguides. The design parameters spring from the technological constraints imposed by Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ technology and the mask design rules obtainable by the current photolithographic apparatus. The optimized insertion losses are 0.9 and 2.3 dB for the filters centered at the wavelengths 1330 and 1550 nm, respectively. The crosstalk level is about 25 dB.<>
{"title":"Integrated optical demultiplexer for WDM systems","authors":"M. De Sario, A. D’orazio, V. Lanave, V. Petruzzelli","doi":"10.1109/MELCON.1989.50107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MELCON.1989.50107","url":null,"abstract":"The authors propose a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) duplexer based on a nonuniform frequency-dependent coupler whose spectral selectivity depends on appropriate taper-functions for the coupling coefficient in the case of codirectional interaction. The frequency response of the codirectional tapered coupler is governed by the Riccati equation, the coupling characteristics being calculated in terms of the supermodes of the overall structure and of the modes of the individual waveguides. The design parameters spring from the technological constraints imposed by Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ technology and the mask design rules obtainable by the current photolithographic apparatus. The optimized insertion losses are 0.9 and 2.3 dB for the filters centered at the wavelengths 1330 and 1550 nm, respectively. The crosstalk level is about 25 dB.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":380214,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Electrotechnical Conference Integrating Research, Industry and Education in Energy and Communication Engineering',","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133973360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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