Cortinarius gueneri (subgen. Telamonia sect. Laeti) is described as a new species from Turkey based on morphological and molecular data. It can be recognized by the somewhat irregular conical to campanulate, translucent-striate, rusty brown pileus; pale yellowish to cinnamon brown broadly attached lamellae; pale salmon to pinkish brown stipe; narrowly amygdaloid to ellipsoid basidiospores; and its putative association with Carpinus orientalis. Full description of the new species is given with field photos, microscopic illustrations, and a short discussion. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is also provided.
{"title":"Cortinarius gueneri: A new species from the Euro-Siberian Floristic Region of Turkey","authors":"E. Sesli","doi":"10.29203/ka.2021.509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2021.509","url":null,"abstract":"Cortinarius gueneri (subgen. Telamonia sect. Laeti) is described as a new species from Turkey based on morphological and molecular data. It can be recognized by the somewhat irregular conical to campanulate, translucent-striate, rusty brown pileus; pale yellowish to cinnamon brown broadly attached lamellae; pale salmon to pinkish brown stipe; narrowly amygdaloid to ellipsoid basidiospores; and its putative association with Carpinus orientalis. Full description of the new species is given with field photos, microscopic illustrations, and a short discussion. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is also provided.","PeriodicalId":38123,"journal":{"name":"Karstenia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69823916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myxomycetes occur globally, but little is known about the mechanism by which myxomycete diversity and community structure respond to environmental gradients and human activity at local scales. The present study assessed the distribution of corticolous myxomycetes living on the bark of Cryptomeria japonica trees along three rivers originating in the Chugoku Mountains in western Japan. Bark samples were collected from 14 sites along each river, which encompass the river sources as well as the upper, middle, and lower reaches. The environmental characteristics of each site were assessed for three variable types: geography, climate, and land-use. A 1 km2 grid was superimposed onto each survey site, consisting of 100 cells of 1 ha each, and each cell was classified using aerial imagery into a broad land-use type. Of these, three land-use types (forest, farmland, and residential) were regularly used as a comprehensive indicator of landscape. The bark samples were cultured using the moist chamber technique, and the resulting myxomycete fruiting bodies were identified. Sporophores formed on 96% of the 1,490 moist chamber cultures and were classified into 27 taxa (26 species and one variety). Species diversity was highest in natural forests near river sources and decreased with proximity to downstream estuaries. Community similarities between survey sites were analysed using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The first NMDS axis was negatively correlated with distance from estuary and forest coverage. Indicator species were identified for environmental changes along river basins. The relative abundances of Macbrideola argentea, Hemitrichia velutina, and Physarum nutans var. rubrum were positively correlated with forest coverage. In contrast, the relative abundances of Clastoderma debaryanum, Diderma chondrioderma, and Echinostelium minutum were positively correlated with residential area coverage. The distribution of corticolous myxomycetes on C. japonica trees was associated with local landscape changes along the river environments. This is the first report on myxomycetes assemblages along river basins (acting as ecological corridors) and indicates that forest degradation and land-use types strongly affect myxomycete diversity on the bark of living C. japonica trees.
黏菌在全球范围内广泛存在，但在局部尺度上，黏菌多样性和群落结构对环境梯度和人类活动的响应机制尚不清楚。本研究评估了起源于日本西部Chugoku山脉的三条河流沿岸的柳杉树皮上的皮质粘菌的分布。在每条河流的14个地点收集了树皮样本，这些地点包括河流源头以及上、中、下游。每个站点的环境特征被评估为三个变量类型:地理、气候和土地利用。在每个调查站点上叠加1平方公里的网格，由100个单元格组成，每个单元格面积为1公顷，每个单元格使用航空图像分类为广泛的土地利用类型。其中，三种土地利用类型(森林、农田和住宅)经常被用作景观的综合指标。采用湿室培养技术对树皮样品进行了粘菌子实体的鉴定。在1490个湿室培养物中，96%的孢子形成，并被划分为27个分类群(26种1变种)。物种多样性在靠近河流源头的天然林中最高，而随着靠近下游河口而降低。采用非度量多维尺度(NMDS)分析调查站点之间的社区相似性。第一个NMDS轴与入海口距离和森林覆盖率呈负相关。确定了河流流域环境变化的指示物种。青绿麦兜菌(Macbrideola argentea)、绒毛半毛菌(Hemitrichia velutina)和绒泡菌(Physarum nutans var. rubrum)的相对丰度与森林覆盖度呈显著正相关。与此相反，debaryanm Clastoderma debaryanm、Diderma chondrioderma和Echinostelium minutum的相对丰度与居住面积呈正相关。在江水环境下，日本刺槐树木上皮质黏菌的分布与当地景观变化有关。本文首次报道了河流流域(作为生态廊道)黏菌群落的分布情况，表明森林退化和土地利用类型对活杉树树皮黏菌多样性有强烈影响。
{"title":"Myxomycete diversity on Cryptomeria japonica bark varies with land-use type along montane rivers","authors":"Kazunari Takahashi","doi":"10.29203/ka.2021.508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2021.508","url":null,"abstract":"Myxomycetes occur globally, but little is known about the mechanism by which myxomycete diversity and community structure respond to environmental gradients and human activity at local scales. The present study assessed the distribution of corticolous myxomycetes living on the bark of Cryptomeria japonica trees along three rivers originating in the Chugoku Mountains in western Japan. Bark samples were collected from 14 sites along each river, which encompass the river sources as well as the upper, middle, and lower reaches. The environmental characteristics of each site were assessed for three variable types: geography, climate, and land-use. A 1 km2 grid was superimposed onto each survey site, consisting of 100 cells of 1 ha each, and each cell was classified using aerial imagery into a broad land-use type. Of these, three land-use types (forest, farmland, and residential) were regularly used as a comprehensive indicator of landscape. The bark samples were cultured using the moist chamber technique, and the resulting myxomycete fruiting bodies were identified. Sporophores formed on 96% of the 1,490 moist chamber cultures and were classified into 27 taxa (26 species and one variety). Species diversity was highest in natural forests near river sources and decreased with proximity to downstream estuaries. Community similarities between survey sites were analysed using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The first NMDS axis was negatively correlated with distance from estuary and forest coverage. Indicator species were identified for environmental changes along river basins. The relative abundances of Macbrideola argentea, Hemitrichia velutina, and Physarum nutans var. rubrum were positively correlated with forest coverage. In contrast, the relative abundances of Clastoderma debaryanum, Diderma chondrioderma, and Echinostelium minutum were positively correlated with residential area coverage. The distribution of corticolous myxomycetes on C. japonica trees was associated with local landscape changes along the river environments. This is the first report on myxomycetes assemblages along river basins (acting as ecological corridors) and indicates that forest degradation and land-use types strongly affect myxomycete diversity on the bark of living C. japonica trees.","PeriodicalId":38123,"journal":{"name":"Karstenia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69823906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fungi that cause powdery mildew on plants are plant pathogenic parasites (Erysiphales) and can significantly reduce the ornamental value of plants and cause significant yield losses among cultivated plants. In this study, 94 plant accessions infected with powdery mildew were observed in Kumpula Botanic Garden, Helsinki, Finland, in 2015. The taxonomic affiliation and species richness of powdery mildew fungi were investigated. Morphological studies by microscope distinguished only 14 fungal species, whereas further comparisons of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences enabled the identification of 28 species. Hence, ITS sequencing improved the reliability of species determination, as compared with the use of morphological characteristics only. The vegetation in an area of six hectares supported a wide range of fungi that cause powdery mildew as well as hyperparasitic microbes, which may balance the impact of pathogens in host plants. The findings of this study emphasize the role of botanical gardens in protecting biological diversity in urban areas.
{"title":"Fungi causing powdery mildew on plants of a Botanical Garden in Southern Finland","authors":"Ville J. Heiskanen, J. Valkonen","doi":"10.29203/KA.2021.507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29203/KA.2021.507","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi that cause powdery mildew on plants are plant pathogenic parasites (Erysiphales) and can significantly reduce the ornamental value of plants and cause significant yield losses among cultivated plants. In this study, 94 plant accessions infected with powdery mildew were observed in Kumpula Botanic Garden, Helsinki, Finland, in 2015. The taxonomic affiliation and species richness of powdery mildew fungi were investigated. Morphological studies by microscope distinguished only 14 fungal species, whereas further comparisons of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences enabled the identification of 28 species. Hence, ITS sequencing improved the reliability of species determination, as compared with the use of morphological characteristics only. The vegetation in an area of six hectares supported a wide range of fungi that cause powdery mildew as well as hyperparasitic microbes, which may balance the impact of pathogens in host plants. The findings of this study emphasize the role of botanical gardens in protecting biological diversity in urban areas.","PeriodicalId":38123,"journal":{"name":"Karstenia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69823869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inocybe melleiconica and I. pararubens are reported as new for Northern Europe, from the alpine zone of Scandinavia. I. melleiconica is rather common on rich and more calcareous soils and usually associated with Salix herbacea . I. pararubens seems to be a rather rare species in the alpine zone and only encountered on calcareous soils on wet ground, associated with Salix reticulata and S. herbacea . We describe I. pararubens var. padjelantae to accommodate the alpine collections of I. pararubens . This tax-on is also identified from Canada, arctic tundra of Keewatin. I. pararubens var. pararubens is recorded as new for Sweden, where it was found associated with Tilia cordata, on rich calcareous soil on the west coast of the country. I. castaneicolor is identified as a later synonym of I. pararubens . The spores of the alpine collections of both species treated here were found to be clearly broader than the ones given in the original descriptions.
{"title":"First records of Inocybe melleiconica and I. pararubens for Northern Europe with a new variety from the alpine zone of the Scandinavian mountains","authors":"J. Vauras, E. Larsson","doi":"10.29203/ka.2020.487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2020.487","url":null,"abstract":"Inocybe melleiconica and I. pararubens are reported as new for Northern Europe, from the alpine zone of Scandinavia. I. melleiconica is rather common on rich and more calcareous soils and usually associated with Salix herbacea . I. pararubens seems to be a rather rare species in the alpine zone and only encountered on calcareous soils on wet ground, associated with Salix reticulata and S. herbacea . We describe I. pararubens var. padjelantae to accommodate the alpine collections of I. pararubens . This tax-on is also identified from Canada, arctic tundra of Keewatin. I. pararubens var. pararubens is recorded as new for Sweden, where it was found associated with Tilia cordata, on rich calcareous soil on the west coast of the country. I. castaneicolor is identified as a later synonym of I. pararubens . The spores of the alpine collections of both species treated here were found to be clearly broader than the ones given in the original descriptions.","PeriodicalId":38123,"journal":{"name":"Karstenia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41969837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Cortina-Escribano, Pyry Veteli, R. Linnakoski, J. Miina, H. Vanhanen
{"title":"Effect of wood residues on the growth of Ganoderma lucidum","authors":"Marta Cortina-Escribano, Pyry Veteli, R. Linnakoski, J. Miina, H. Vanhanen","doi":"10.29203/ka.2020.486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2020.486","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38123,"journal":{"name":"Karstenia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42210350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First Asian record of Comatricha anomala, a rare epiphytic corticolous myxomycete","authors":"Anastasia Vlasenko, V. Vlasenko","doi":"10.29203/ka.2020.485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2020.485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38123,"journal":{"name":"Karstenia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69823814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Kunttu, Teppo Helo, Matti Kulju, J. Julkunen, H. Kotiranta
We contribute to the knowledge on the occurrences and distributions of both aphyllophoroid and heterobasidioid fungi in Finland. We present four species new to Finland, i.e. Helicogloea sebacea, Phanerochaete cremeo-ochracea, Steccherinum cremeoalbum, and Uncobasidium luteolum, as well as 46 new records (locations) of 34 rare or rarely collected species. Additionally, we report on 40 species considered new to a certain subzone of the boreal forest vegetation zone in Finland. These records contain notes on their substrata, and the ecology and distribution of nationally new species are briefly discussed.
{"title":"Contributions to the knowledge of aphyllophoroid and heterobasidioid funga (Basidiomycota) in Finland","authors":"P. Kunttu, Teppo Helo, Matti Kulju, J. Julkunen, H. Kotiranta","doi":"10.29203/ka.2020.490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2020.490","url":null,"abstract":"We contribute to the knowledge on the occurrences and distributions of both aphyllophoroid and heterobasidioid fungi in Finland. We present four species new to Finland, i.e. Helicogloea sebacea, Phanerochaete cremeo-ochracea, Steccherinum cremeoalbum, and Uncobasidium luteolum, as well as 46 new records (locations) of 34 rare or rarely collected species. Additionally, we report on 40 species considered new to a certain subzone of the boreal forest vegetation zone in Finland. These records contain notes on their substrata, and the ecology and distribution of nationally new species are briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":38123,"journal":{"name":"Karstenia","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69823826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Walter M Jaklitsch, Sabine Gruber, Hermann Voglmayr
The new stipitate species of Hypocrea, H. seppoi; is described, based on material freshly collected in Finland. Characterization of this species includes morphology of teleomorph and anamorph, culture studies and molecular phylogeny. H. seppoi is compared to the other European soil-inhabiting, stipitate Hypocrea species. It is characterized by small stromata, thin fibrous stipe, perithecia decurrent on the stipe, and by conidia that are smaller than those of H. leucopus and H. nybergiana. In addition, this work confirms the congenerity of Podostroma and Podocrea with Hypocrea on molecular phylogenetic grounds using sequences of the nuclear genes coding for RNA polymerase II subunit b (rpb2), translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1), and endochitinase (chi15-8).
{"title":"Hypocrea seppoi, a new stipitate species from Finland.","authors":"Walter M Jaklitsch, Sabine Gruber, Hermann Voglmayr","doi":"10.29203/ka.2008.423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2008.423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The new stipitate species of Hypocrea, H. seppoi; is described, based on material freshly collected in Finland. Characterization of this species includes morphology of teleomorph and anamorph, culture studies and molecular phylogeny. H. seppoi is compared to the other European soil-inhabiting, stipitate Hypocrea species. It is characterized by small stromata, thin fibrous stipe, perithecia decurrent on the stipe, and by conidia that are smaller than those of H. leucopus and H. nybergiana. In addition, this work confirms the congenerity of Podostroma and Podocrea with Hypocrea on molecular phylogenetic grounds using sequences of the nuclear genes coding for RNA polymerase II subunit b (rpb2), translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1), and endochitinase (chi15-8).</p>","PeriodicalId":38123,"journal":{"name":"Karstenia","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2948565/pdf/ukmss-29450.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29329797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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