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Price Discovery via Limit Order in FX Market 在外汇市场上通过限价单发现价格
Pub Date : 2021-06-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3740392
Y. Kitamura
I consider limit order book events that are likely to contribute to price discovery in the foreign exchange market. These events involve transactions and limit orders. The variance decomposition shows that improving order and worsening cancel, these are limit order events, substantially contribute to price discovery. The impact of these on the permanent component of the exchange rate is quantitively equivalent to that of transaction. The implicit profit of transactions at the information event is marginal. I postulate that informed traders select limit order as their optimal strategy when the gain from their possessing information is small.
我认为限价订单事件可能有助于外汇市场的价格发现。这些事件涉及交易和限价订单。方差分解表明,限价订单事件中订单改善和取消恶化对价格发现有显著贡献。这些对汇率的永久组成部分的影响在数量上等同于交易的影响。信息事件中交易的隐性利润是边际的。我假设当知情交易者从他们所拥有的信息中获得的收益很小时,他们选择限价单作为他们的最优策略。
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引用次数: 1
International Tax Competition and Foreign Direct Investment in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Panel Data Analysis 国际税收竞争与亚太地区外商直接投资:面板数据分析
Pub Date : 2021-01-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3771050
Chengwei Xu, Alfred M. Wu
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate how a country’s competitive tax policy influences its inward foreign direct investments (FDI) in the Asia-Pacific region, even when given particular constraints (e.g., population, public governance, skilled labor, and so on) exist.

Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses the system GMM estimation approach to test the hypothesis. Data on FDI, corporate income tax, and various confounding factors were drawn from Ernst and Young’s worldwide corporate tax guide, the World Bank, and other sources to create a panel of 28 economies over the period 2000-2016.

Findings - The present research confirms the negative association between corporate income tax (CIT) and FDI inflows. The effects of other confounding factors on FDI net inflows are also supported (e.g., connectivity, GDP per capita, population, skilled labor, and trade openness). Our results support the argument that foreign investments may be more sensitive to CIT. Therefore, CIT is an effective indicator to observe international tax competition.

Originality/value - The present research uses rich data on statutory CIT and other economic and public governance factors to investigate the relationship between tax competition and FDI inflows in the Asia-Pacific region. The findings add important supplements to the nuanced understanding of the political-economic dynamics in this region, especially when cut-throat tax competition, trade tensions, and stagnant economic growth have been key challenges for global economies.
目的-本研究的目的是调查一个国家的竞争性税收政策如何影响其在亚太地区的外国直接投资(FDI),即使给定特定的限制(例如,人口,公共治理,熟练劳动力等)存在。设计/方法/方法-本文使用系统GMM估计方法来测试假设。FDI、企业所得税和各种混杂因素的数据来自安永(Ernst and Young)的全球企业税收指南、世界银行(World Bank)和其他来源,以创建一个由28个经济体组成的2000年至2016年期间的小组。研究结果-目前的研究证实了企业所得税(CIT)和FDI流入之间的负相关关系。其他混杂因素对FDI净流入的影响也得到了支持(如连通性、人均GDP、人口、熟练劳动力和贸易开放)。我们的研究结果支持了外国投资可能对CIT更为敏感的观点,因此CIT是观察国际税收竞争的有效指标。原创性/价值-本研究利用法定CIT和其他经济和公共治理因素的丰富数据来调查亚太地区税收竞争与外国直接投资流入之间的关系。这些发现为我们对该地区政治经济动态的细致理解提供了重要补充,尤其是在残酷的税收竞争、贸易紧张局势和经济增长停滞已成为全球经济面临的主要挑战的情况下。
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引用次数: 0
On the International Spillover Effects of Country-Specific Financial Sector Bailouts and Sovereign Risk Shocks 特定国家金融部门救助与主权风险冲击的国际溢出效应研究
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3760930
Matthew Greenwood‐Nimmo, V. Nguyen, Eliza Wu
We use sign-identified macroeconomic models to study the interaction of financial sector and sovereign credit risks in Europe. We find that country-specific financial sector bailout shocks do not generate strong international spillovers, because they primarily transfer private sector risk onto the local sovereign. By contrast, sovereign risk shocks generate substantial spillovers onto the global financial sector and for international sovereign debt markets. We conclude that any financial sector bailout policy that undermines the creditworthiness of the affected sovereign is likely to exacerbate global credit risk. Our findings highlight the unintended global consequences of country-specific financial sector bailout programmes.
我们使用符号识别宏观经济模型来研究欧洲金融部门和主权信用风险的相互作用。我们发现,针对特定国家的金融部门救助冲击不会产生强烈的国际溢出效应,因为它们主要是将私营部门风险转移给地方主权。相比之下,主权风险冲击对全球金融部门和国际主权债务市场产生了巨大的溢出效应。我们的结论是,任何损害受影响主权国家信誉的金融部门救助政策都可能加剧全球信贷风险。我们的研究结果突出了针对特定国家的金融部门纾困计划的意外全球后果。
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引用次数: 2
Internal Change Points and External Transmissions 内部变化点和外部传输
Pub Date : 2020-09-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3702837
L. Hao
The multiple change points estimation internally identifies the monetary expansion or monetary contraction, the monetary policy interchange, the currency reform breaks, and the routine operational transitions on the multivariate dimensions of the China government bond yields. The external monetary transmissions are separating into the blocks with the conventional monetary policy and zero lower bound period. The recursively identified VAR models are respectively capture the daily interest rate co-movements spreading from the global trends to the destination country in the short run restrictions, the weekly fluctuation transitions from the systematic risks and uncertainty in the financial markets in the medium run, and the monthly compounding interaction mechanism from stock market, government bond market and international monetary transmission in the long run.
多变化点估计在中国国债收益率的多元维度上,内部识别了货币扩张或收缩、货币政策互换、货币改革中断和常规操作转变。外部货币传导分为常规货币政策和零利率下限两个板块。递归识别的VAR模型分别捕捉了短期限制下从全球趋势向目的国传播的每日利率协同运动,中期从金融市场的系统性风险和不确定性中转换的每周波动,以及长期从股票市场,政府债券市场和国际货币传导中月度复利互动机制。
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引用次数: 0
Unemployment Fluctuations and Currency Returns in the United Kingdom: Evidence from Over One and a Half Century of Data 英国的失业波动和货币回报:来自一个半世纪数据的证据
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3744539
Deven Bathia, Rıza Demirer, Rangan Gupta, Kevin Kotzé
This paper provides a long-term perspective to the causal linkages between currency dynamics and macroeconomic conditions by utilising a long span data set for the United Kingdom that extends back to 1856 and a time-varying causality testing methodology that accounts for the nonlinearity and structural breaks. Using unemployment fluctuations as a proxy for macroeconomic conditions and wavelet decompositions to obtain the fundamental factor that drives excess returns for the British pound, time varying causality tests based on alternative model specifications yield significant evidence of causal linkages and information spillovers across the labour and currency markets over the majority of the sample. Causal effects seem to strengthen during the Great Depression and later following the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, highlighting the role of economic crises in the predictive linkages between the two markets. While the predictive role of currency market dynamics over unemployment fluctuations reflects the effect of exchange rate volatility on corporate investment decisions, which in turn, drives subsequent labour market dynamics (e.g. Belke & Gros (2001); Belke & Kaas (2004); Feldman (2011); among others), we argue that causality in the direction of exchange rates from unemployment possibly reflects the signals regarding monetary policy actions, which in turn, spills over to financial markets. Overall, the findings indicate significant information spillovers across the labour and currency markets in both directions with significant policy making implications.
本文提供了货币动态和宏观经济条件之间因果关系的长期视角,通过利用英国的长跨度数据集(可追溯到1856年)和考虑非线性和结构性断裂的时变因果关系检验方法。利用失业率波动作为宏观经济状况的代表,并利用小波分解来获得驱动英镑超额回报的基本因素,基于替代模型规格的时变因果关系检验得出了在大多数样本中劳动力市场和货币市场存在因果关系和信息溢出的重要证据。在大萧条期间以及后来布雷顿森林体系崩溃之后,因果关系似乎得到加强,突显了经济危机在两个市场之间预测联系中的作用。虽然货币市场动态对失业率波动的预测作用反映了汇率波动对企业投资决策的影响,而企业投资决策反过来又推动了随后的劳动力市场动态(例如Belke & Gros (2001);Belke & Kaas (2004);费尔德曼(2011);除其他外,我们认为,失业率与汇率方向的因果关系可能反映了有关货币政策行动的信号,而货币政策行动反过来又会溢出到金融市场。总体而言,研究结果表明,劳动力市场和货币市场在两个方向上都存在显著的信息溢出效应,并对政策制定产生重大影响。
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引用次数: 2
Модель реального обменного курса рубля с марковскими переключениями режимов (Model of the Real Exchange Rate of the Ruble With Markov Mode Switches)
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3712975
A. Polbin, Andrey Shumilov, Bedin A.F., A. Kulikov
Russian Abstract: В работе анализируется взаимосвязь реального обменного курса рубля и реальных цен на нефть на основе модели коррекции ошибок с марковскими переключениями режимов, позволяющей учесть изменения политики курсообразования. Показано, что в период 1999-2018 гг. хорошо разделяются два режима динамики реального курса: с быстрым и медленным приспособлением к долгосрочному равновесию в ответ на шоки цены нефти. При этом не отвергается гипотеза о том, что долгосрочная взаимосвязь между реальным обменным курсом и ценой на нефть инвариантна к изменению режима. Также показано, что, несмотря на переход к плавающему обменному курсу, в последние годы периодически идентифицируется режим негибкого курсообразования, что может быть связано с новым бюджетным правилом, согласно которому с февраля 2017 г. Минфин России ежемесячно покупал иностранную валюту в объеме превышения фактических поступлений нефтегазовых доходов над уровнем нефтегазовых доходов федерального бюджета, сформированного при цене на нефть марки “Юралс” 40 долларов США за баррель.

English Abstract: The paper analyzes the relationship between the real Russian ruble exchange rate and real oil prices using the error correction model with Markov regime switching, which allows for changes in exchange rate policy. It is found that during the period 1999-2018 real exchange rate dynamics was characterized by two clearly distinguishable regimes, one with fast and the other with slow adjustment to long-term equilibrium in response to oil price shocks. Further model testing shows that long-term relationship between real exchange rate and oil price is invariant to regime change. It is also found that, despite adoption of a floating exchange rate policy in 2014, inflexible real exchange rate regime has been periodically identified in recent years. This could be due to the new budget rule, according to which Russian Ministry of Finance in February 2017 started purchasing foreign currencies in amount of excess oil and gas earnings of the federal budget.
俄罗斯Abstract:它分析了卢布实际汇率与石油价格的关系,基于误差校正模型,以及马尔科夫斯基政权更迭,以考虑政策变化。在1999-2018年期间,两种实际汇率机制被证明是分两种:应对石油价格冲击,快速而缓慢地调整到长期平衡。然而,没有人反对这样一种假设,即实际汇率和油价之间的长期关系不可能改变政权。也表明,尽管转向浮动汇率,近年偶尔识别模式僵化курсообразован可能与新的财政规则,即2月2017年俄罗斯财政部每月购买外国货币存量水平实际收入油气收入超过石油和天然气收入形成的联邦预算油价马克"Юралс每桶40美元。英语Abstract:真实的俄罗斯交换协议和真实的俄罗斯石油模型与马尔科夫交换交换交换。这就是1999-2018年实际交易的结果,由两个不同的方向决定,一个与另一个缓慢的方向决定。第一个测试模型是长时间的测试,长时间的测试,长时间的测试,长时间的测试。这是一件值得注意的事情,2014年,一种不灵活的、现实的、现实的、真实的、真实的、真实的事情。这将是对新budget规则的一次尝试,支持2017年俄罗斯金融发行量的开始。
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引用次数: 0
Economic Integration and the Currency and Equity Markets Nexus 经济一体化与货币和股票市场的关系
Pub Date : 2020-06-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3434379
Muhammad Aftab, R. Ahmad, Izlin Ismail, Kate Phylaktis
The paper examines the impact of economic integration on the relationship between the currency and equity markets for a group of Asian emerging economies using both linear and nonlinear frameworks. We first derive the dynamic conditional correlations between the two markets and then examine the impact of economic integration on their relationship. Our main results are: (i) there is a negative correlation between real exchange rate changes and equity return differentials for all countries apart from China, which becomes deeper during the GFC for some of the countries; (ii) economic integration, both real and financial, has an asymmetric impact on the relationship between the two markets both in the short-run and in the long-run; and (iii) applying a linear framework does not bring out the impact of financial integration.
本文采用线性和非线性框架考察了经济一体化对一组亚洲新兴经济体货币和股票市场关系的影响。我们首先推导了两个市场之间的动态条件相关性,然后考察了经济一体化对它们之间关系的影响。我们的主要结果是:(i)除中国外,所有国家的实际汇率变化与股票回报差异之间存在负相关关系,在全球金融危机期间,对一些国家来说,这种关系变得更深;(ii)实体经济和金融经济一体化对两个市场之间的关系在短期和长期都有不对称的影响;(三)采用线性框架并不能反映出金融一体化的影响。
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引用次数: 19
The Macroeconomic Determinants of Migrants’ Remittances in Egypt: An Ardl Bounds Testing Approach 埃及移民汇款的宏观经济决定因素:一种Ardl边界检验方法
Pub Date : 2019-12-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3522070
Rasha Qutb
Remittance inflows to Egypt have been increasing rapidly for the last three decades, making it one of the largest remittances- receiving country in the world and the leading one in the Middle East region. Theoretically remittances could help avoid balance of payment crisis, provide a constant source of foreign exchange and reduce the poverty severity in home developing countries, hence, representing a vital channel for sustainable economic development. Thereby it is worthy to figure out the key remittances-influencing factors to examine the elements to which remittances are sensitive to. Accordingly, this paper aims at identifying the macroeconomic determinants of migrants‟ remittances to Egypt during the period (1980-2018). Through applying ARDL model. Findings reveal that variables concerning exchange rate, GDP per capita, political and economic condition in the home country are statistically significant supporting the remittances decay hypothesis and confirming that remittances hedge against macroeconomic shocks and appear to be counter-cyclical. This calls for a policy of a sustained economic growth that directed remittance savings toward productive domestic investments.
过去三十年来,埃及的汇款流入一直在迅速增加,使其成为世界上最大的汇款接收国之一,也是中东地区的主要汇款接收国。从理论上讲,汇款可以帮助避免国际收支危机,提供源源不断的外汇来源,减轻发展中母国的贫穷严重程度,因此是可持续经济发展的重要渠道。因此,找出影响汇款的关键因素来考察汇款的敏感因素是有价值的。因此,本文旨在确定1980-2018年期间移民向埃及汇款的宏观经济决定因素。通过应用ARDL模型。调查结果显示,有关汇率、人均国内生产总值、母国政治和经济状况的变量在统计上具有显著意义,支持了汇款衰退假说,并证实汇款可以对冲宏观经济冲击,似乎具有反周期作用。这就需要一项持续经济增长的政策,将汇款储蓄导向生产性国内投资。
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引用次数: 3
Cross-Border Currency Exposures: New Evidence Based on an Enhanced and Updated Dataset 跨境货币风险敞口:基于增强和更新数据集的新证据
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3611655
Agustín S. Bénétrix, Deepali Gautam, Luciana Juvenal, Martin Schmitz
This paper provides a dataset on the currency composition of the international investment position for a group of 50 countries for the period 1990-2017. It improves available data based on estimates by incorporating actual data reported by statistical authorities and refining estimation methods. The paper illustrates current and new uses of these data, with particular focus on the evolution of currency exposures of cross-border positions.
本文提供了一个关于1990-2017年期间50个国家国际投资头寸货币构成的数据集。它通过纳入统计当局报告的实际数据和改进估计方法,改进了基于估计的现有数据。本文阐述了这些数据的当前和新的用途,特别关注跨境头寸的货币风险敞口的演变。
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引用次数: 26
Equity Tail Risk and Currency Risk Premia 股票尾部风险与货币风险溢价
Pub Date : 2019-11-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3399980
Zhenzhen Fan, Juan M. Londoño, Xiao Xiao
We find that an option-based equity tail risk factor is priced in the cross section of currency returns. Currencies highly exposed to this factor offer a low risk premium because they hedge against equity tail risk. In a reduced-form model, we show that a long-short portfolio that buys currencies with high equity tail beta and shorts those with low tail beta extracts the global component embedded in the tail risk factor. Inspired by the model, we construct a novel global tail risk factor from currency returns. The estimated price of risk of this global factor is consistently negative and of similar magnitude in various currency portfolios including carry and momentum, suggesting that the excess returns of these strategies can be partially understood as compensations for global tail risk.
我们发现基于期权的股票尾部风险因子在货币收益的横截面上定价。高度暴露于这一因素的货币提供较低的风险溢价,因为它们可以对冲股票尾部风险。在简化形式模型中,我们证明了买入高尾贝塔股票货币和卖空低尾贝塔股票货币的多空投资组合提取了嵌入尾部风险因素的全球成分。受该模型的启发,我们从货币收益中构造了一个新的全球尾部风险因子。这一全球因素的风险估计价格在包括套利和动量在内的各种货币投资组合中始终为负,且幅度相似,这表明这些策略的超额回报可以部分理解为对全球尾部风险的补偿。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
ERN: International Finance (Topic)
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