Pub Date : 2019-09-24DOI: 10.5744/florida/9781683400844.003.0011
Anna J. Osterholtz, Virginia Lucas, Claira Ralston, Andre Gonciar, Angelica Bălos
This chapter presents the bioarchaeological and zooarchaeological analysis of the Iron Age remains Măgura Uroiului. A combined analysis of this assemblage using similar methodologies allows for a fuller understanding of mortuary ritual at the site. Data indicate that mortuary activity of the First Iron Age in Transylvania was complex, and that the burials described were likely deposited intentionally as a part of the construction of the Măgura Uroiului monument. Ritual activities included feasting, animal sacrifices, and monument construction. This analysis provides data to begin to understand this time period and region.
{"title":"Mortuary Practices in the First Iron Age Romanian Frontier","authors":"Anna J. Osterholtz, Virginia Lucas, Claira Ralston, Andre Gonciar, Angelica Bălos","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683400844.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400844.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents the bioarchaeological and zooarchaeological analysis of the Iron Age remains Măgura Uroiului. A combined analysis of this assemblage using similar methodologies allows for a fuller understanding of mortuary ritual at the site. Data indicate that mortuary activity of the First Iron Age in Transylvania was complex, and that the burials described were likely deposited intentionally as a part of the construction of the Măgura Uroiului monument. Ritual activities included feasting, animal sacrifices, and monument construction. This analysis provides data to begin to understand this time period and region.","PeriodicalId":382310,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchaeology of Frontiers and Borderlands","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116295470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-24DOI: 10.5744/florida/9781683400844.003.0003
S. Nugent
The rugged, mountainous landscapes dividing the Parthian and Roman Empires routinely served as an arena for military campaigns and violent conflict between empires competing for territorial expansion. Local alliances were cyclically forged, broken, and mended, yet these interactions are rarely represented in the archaeological record. How were military campaigns conducted in the Caucasus frontier? How did foreign soldiers interact with local communities? This chapter examines the case study of an unusual first century CE burial that integrates aspects of both Roman and Parthian funerary practice and is associated with large-scale feasting events at the site of Oğlanqala in Naxçıvan, Azerbaijan. By integrating osteological and isotopic analyses with a regional approach to funerary practice, this chapter sheds light on underrepresented local experiences and intersectional identities in response to Roman campaigns.
{"title":"Funerary Practice and Local Interaction on the Imperial Frontier, First Century CE","authors":"S. Nugent","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683400844.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400844.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The rugged, mountainous landscapes dividing the Parthian and Roman Empires routinely served as an arena for military campaigns and violent conflict between empires competing for territorial expansion. Local alliances were cyclically forged, broken, and mended, yet these interactions are rarely represented in the archaeological record. How were military campaigns conducted in the Caucasus frontier? How did foreign soldiers interact with local communities? This chapter examines the case study of an unusual first century CE burial that integrates aspects of both Roman and Parthian funerary practice and is associated with large-scale feasting events at the site of Oğlanqala in Naxçıvan, Azerbaijan. By integrating osteological and isotopic analyses with a regional approach to funerary practice, this chapter sheds light on underrepresented local experiences and intersectional identities in response to Roman campaigns.","PeriodicalId":382310,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchaeology of Frontiers and Borderlands","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127926881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"List of Figures","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx0720b.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx0720b.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":382310,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchaeology of Frontiers and Borderlands","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115054792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Queering Prehistory on the Frontier:","authors":"Mark P. Toussaint","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx0720b.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx0720b.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":382310,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchaeology of Frontiers and Borderlands","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124630912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tombos is located at the Third Cataract of the Nile River in modern-day Sudan and marks an important literal and figurative boundary between Egyptian and Nubian interaction. During the New Kingdom Period (1400–1050 BCE), the cemetery at Tombos in Upper Nubia exhibits the use of Egyptian mortuary practices, including monumental pyramid complexes, likely used by both immigrant Egyptians and local Nubians. Despite the influence of Egyptian culture during this colonial period, there are several public displays of Nubian identity in burial practices found at Tombos. This mixture of Egyptian and Nubian burial practices extends into the postcolonial period at Tombos. Paleopathological analyses indicate that the Nubian and Egyptian individuals living at colonial Tombos enjoyed access to nutritional food resources and displayed low levels of skeletal markers of infection, traumatic injury, and strenuous physical activity. While the Tombos sample is likely not representative of all Egyptian-Nubian interaction during the New Kingdom, the individuals examined appear to have benefited from the relationship. In contrast with many situations of frontier interaction, the bioarchaeological evidence indicates a relatively peaceful coexistence between Egyptians and Nubians at Tombos, and the construction of a new biologically and culturally entangled community.
{"title":"Living on the Border","authors":"K. Whitmore, M. Buzon, S. T. Smith","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx0720b.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx0720b.12","url":null,"abstract":"Tombos is located at the Third Cataract of the Nile River in modern-day Sudan and marks an important literal and figurative boundary between Egyptian and Nubian interaction. During the New Kingdom Period (1400–1050 BCE), the cemetery at Tombos in Upper Nubia exhibits the use of Egyptian mortuary practices, including monumental pyramid complexes, likely used by both immigrant Egyptians and local Nubians. Despite the influence of Egyptian culture during this colonial period, there are several public displays of Nubian identity in burial practices found at Tombos. This mixture of Egyptian and Nubian burial practices extends into the postcolonial period at Tombos. Paleopathological analyses indicate that the Nubian and Egyptian individuals living at colonial Tombos enjoyed access to nutritional food resources and displayed low levels of skeletal markers of infection, traumatic injury, and strenuous physical activity. While the Tombos sample is likely not representative of all Egyptian-Nubian interaction during the New Kingdom, the individuals examined appear to have benefited from the relationship. In contrast with many situations of frontier interaction, the bioarchaeological evidence indicates a relatively peaceful coexistence between Egyptians and Nubians at Tombos, and the construction of a new biologically and culturally entangled community.","PeriodicalId":382310,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchaeology of Frontiers and Borderlands","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130078303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-21DOI: 10.5744/FLORIDA/9781683400844.003.0012
Jonathan D. Bethard, Anna J. Osterholtz, Zsolt Nyárádi, Andre Gonciar
This chapter addresses the notion of frontier by presenting our work from a Hungarian-speaking Székely community located at the eastern edge of Transylvania. Few bioarchaeologists are familiar with the Székely population, and virtually all lines of bioarchaeological inquiry are located at the frontier of knowledge production in this area. While our local colleagues working across this region have a rich, multidisciplinary and nuanced understanding of Székely history, few scholars from outside the region are familiar with the population. The chapter describes the discovery of a regionally unique mortuary context discovered during salvage excavations in 2007. Skeletal remains of seventy individuals dated to the seventeenth century CE were recovered from inside of a Reform Church in a small Székely village. Bioarchaeological analyses provide an opportunity to better understand questions related to the bioarchaeology of fetuses, infants and children, maternal health and physiological stress during pregnancy, and religious ideology related to infant death and the archaeology of grief.
{"title":"Marginalized Motherhood","authors":"Jonathan D. Bethard, Anna J. Osterholtz, Zsolt Nyárádi, Andre Gonciar","doi":"10.5744/FLORIDA/9781683400844.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/FLORIDA/9781683400844.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses the notion of frontier by presenting our work from a Hungarian-speaking Székely community located at the eastern edge of Transylvania. Few bioarchaeologists are familiar with the Székely population, and virtually all lines of bioarchaeological inquiry are located at the frontier of knowledge production in this area. While our local colleagues working across this region have a rich, multidisciplinary and nuanced understanding of Székely history, few scholars from outside the region are familiar with the population. The chapter describes the discovery of a regionally unique mortuary context discovered during salvage excavations in 2007. Skeletal remains of seventy individuals dated to the seventeenth century CE were recovered from inside of a Reform Church in a small Székely village. Bioarchaeological analyses provide an opportunity to better understand questions related to the bioarchaeology of fetuses, infants and children, maternal health and physiological stress during pregnancy, and religious ideology related to infant death and the archaeology of grief.","PeriodicalId":382310,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchaeology of Frontiers and Borderlands","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114649052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Funerary Practice and Local Interaction on the Imperial Frontier, First Century CE:","authors":"S. Nugent","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx0720b.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx0720b.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":382310,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchaeology of Frontiers and Borderlands","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131249083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-21DOI: 10.5744/FLORIDA/9781683400844.003.0004
Mark P. Toussaint
The Mierzanowice Culture (MC) is the name given to an archaeological complex that existed from about 2400/2300–1600 BCE, in the Early Bronze Age of Central Europe. Mierzanowice Culture cemeteries provide a unique opportunity to investigate and theorize the relationship between sex and gender in prehistory, due to their tradition of mirror-opposite, seemingly sex-differentiated burials. This chapter questions interpretations of these burial characteristics in terms of rigid, sex-based binaries, and investigates whether they may correspond more closely with social constructions of identity, including gender and status. Furthermore, it explores the relationship between salient biological and social categories and health in Mierzanowice communities. Although the case study explored in this chapter was based on a small sample of individuals, a few patterns have begun to emerge. Certain aspects of burial orientations may correspond more to gender than to sex. Furthermore, it is not out of the realm of possibility that some atypical burial orientations may correspond to a non-binary gender category. This preliminary study also indicated that while all individuals were at fairly equal risk of perimortem trauma, females were more likely than males to incur antemortem trauma.
{"title":"Queering Prehistory on the Frontier","authors":"Mark P. Toussaint","doi":"10.5744/FLORIDA/9781683400844.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/FLORIDA/9781683400844.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The Mierzanowice Culture (MC) is the name given to an archaeological complex that existed from about 2400/2300–1600 BCE, in the Early Bronze Age of Central Europe. Mierzanowice Culture cemeteries provide a unique opportunity to investigate and theorize the relationship between sex and gender in prehistory, due to their tradition of mirror-opposite, seemingly sex-differentiated burials. This chapter questions interpretations of these burial characteristics in terms of rigid, sex-based binaries, and investigates whether they may correspond more closely with social constructions of identity, including gender and status. Furthermore, it explores the relationship between salient biological and social categories and health in Mierzanowice communities. Although the case study explored in this chapter was based on a small sample of individuals, a few patterns have begun to emerge. Certain aspects of burial orientations may correspond more to gender than to sex. Furthermore, it is not out of the realm of possibility that some atypical burial orientations may correspond to a non-binary gender category. This preliminary study also indicated that while all individuals were at fairly equal risk of perimortem trauma, females were more likely than males to incur antemortem trauma.","PeriodicalId":382310,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchaeology of Frontiers and Borderlands","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126108010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan D. Bethard, Anna J. Osterholtz, Zsolt Nyárádi, Andre Gonciar
{"title":"Marginalized Motherhood:","authors":"Jonathan D. Bethard, Anna J. Osterholtz, Zsolt Nyárádi, Andre Gonciar","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx0720b.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx0720b.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":382310,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchaeology of Frontiers and Borderlands","volume":"93 13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126190983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"List of Tables","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx0720b.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx0720b.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":382310,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchaeology of Frontiers and Borderlands","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128065686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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