Purpose: Diazoxide (DZX) is frequently used for induction of effective pharmacological precondi- tioning (P-PC) of the myocardium in the animal models. This compound was originally classified as an opener of the mitochondrial (MIT) ATP-dependent potassium channels (KATP). But, afterwards it was demonstrated that DZX also i) acts as an inhibitor of the Krebs cycle at the level of succinate dehydrogenase, ii) supports free radicals generation and iii) acts more as a PKC- e activator than as theactivatorofKATP channels,whichisitssecondaryeffect only.Taking intoconsideration allthese effects of DZX, no satisfactory explanation for the molecular mechanism of its cardioprotective action has been introduced up to now. In the independent studies it was demonstrated that the acutestreptozotocin-diabetes (DIA)alsoconferscardioprotectiveeffect andthatthefindingof con- siderably stimulated heart MIT Mg2 + -ATPase is intimately involved in this protection. Aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of the MIT Mg2 + -ATPase and membrane fluidity in the mechanismofDZXactionand,inthisway,tobringthepreconditioningwithDZXclosertopractical applicability. Methods: Experimentswereperformedon9-11weekoldmaleWistarratsdevidedintohealthyand DIAgroups.AcuteDIA(8days)wasinducedbyasingledoseofstreptozotocin(65mg.kg-1,i.p.).HeartmitochondriaisolatedbydifferentialcentrifugationwereexposedtoDZX(0-7 m mol.l-1). MIT ATP synthase activity, detected in the reaction that proceeded in the opposite direction i.e., as Mg2 + ATPase was assessed by measuring of Pi liberated from ATP splitting. Fluidity of the lipid bilayer of the MIT membrane was estimated by measuring fluorescence anisotropy with the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Results: Startingwiththeconcentrationof3.5 m mol.l-1DZXinducedasignificant(p , 0.05)increase inMg2 + -ATPaseactivityinMITfromhealthyhearts.AsimilartrendwasobservedalsoinDIAhearts, butitreachednostatisticalsignificanceevenat7 m mol.l-1.Thestimulationoftheenzymeactivitywas notaccompaniedwithanyconsiderablechangesinMITmembranefluidity. Conclusions: ConcentrationsofDZXequaltoorabove5 m mol.l-1stimulate(p , 0.05)theactivityof MITMg2 + -ATPasebyadirectinteractionwiththeenzymemoleculeasitwasrevealedbytheenzyme kineticsanalysis.StimulationofMITMg2 + -ATPaseplaysanessentialbutnotexclusiveroleincardio-protectiveeffectprovidedbybothDZXandDIA.Grants:VEGA2/0101/12,2/0094/12,APVV0102-11,KEGA003UK-4/2012.
{"title":"5","authors":"Pierre Daviot","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvbtzm0f.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvbtzm0f.7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Diazoxide (DZX) is frequently used for induction of effective pharmacological precondi- tioning (P-PC) of the myocardium in the animal models. This compound was originally classified as an opener of the mitochondrial (MIT) ATP-dependent potassium channels (KATP). But, afterwards it was demonstrated that DZX also i) acts as an inhibitor of the Krebs cycle at the level of succinate dehydrogenase, ii) supports free radicals generation and iii) acts more as a PKC- e activator than as theactivatorofKATP channels,whichisitssecondaryeffect only.Taking intoconsideration allthese effects of DZX, no satisfactory explanation for the molecular mechanism of its cardioprotective action has been introduced up to now. In the independent studies it was demonstrated that the acutestreptozotocin-diabetes (DIA)alsoconferscardioprotectiveeffect andthatthefindingof con- siderably stimulated heart MIT Mg2 + -ATPase is intimately involved in this protection. Aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of the MIT Mg2 + -ATPase and membrane fluidity in the mechanismofDZXactionand,inthisway,tobringthepreconditioningwithDZXclosertopractical applicability. Methods: Experimentswereperformedon9-11weekoldmaleWistarratsdevidedintohealthyand DIAgroups.AcuteDIA(8days)wasinducedbyasingledoseofstreptozotocin(65mg.kg-1,i.p.).HeartmitochondriaisolatedbydifferentialcentrifugationwereexposedtoDZX(0-7 m mol.l-1). MIT ATP synthase activity, detected in the reaction that proceeded in the opposite direction i.e., as Mg2 + ATPase was assessed by measuring of Pi liberated from ATP splitting. Fluidity of the lipid bilayer of the MIT membrane was estimated by measuring fluorescence anisotropy with the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Results: Startingwiththeconcentrationof3.5 m mol.l-1DZXinducedasignificant(p , 0.05)increase inMg2 + -ATPaseactivityinMITfromhealthyhearts.AsimilartrendwasobservedalsoinDIAhearts, butitreachednostatisticalsignificanceevenat7 m mol.l-1.Thestimulationoftheenzymeactivitywas notaccompaniedwithanyconsiderablechangesinMITmembranefluidity. Conclusions: ConcentrationsofDZXequaltoorabove5 m mol.l-1stimulate(p , 0.05)theactivityof MITMg2 + -ATPasebyadirectinteractionwiththeenzymemoleculeasitwasrevealedbytheenzyme kineticsanalysis.StimulationofMITMg2 + -ATPaseplaysanessentialbutnotexclusiveroleincardio-protectiveeffectprovidedbybothDZXandDIA.Grants:VEGA2/0101/12,2/0094/12,APVV0102-11,KEGA003UK-4/2012.","PeriodicalId":382477,"journal":{"name":"You Can Cross the Massacre on Foot","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1907-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115109270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
دکتر حسین تیموری نقده, دکتر فرساد ایمانی, دکتر مهتاب مقصودلو, کامبیز کیادلیری, دکترعباس فلاح تفتی
{"title":"11","authors":"دکتر حسین تیموری نقده, دکتر فرساد ایمانی, دکتر مهتاب مقصودلو, کامبیز کیادلیری, دکترعباس فلاح تفتی","doi":"10.5749/j.ctvf34hv9.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctvf34hv9.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":382477,"journal":{"name":"You Can Cross the Massacre on Foot","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129155106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
User generated recordings (UGRs) are increasingly presented as evidence in forensic investigations due to the widespread use of handheld cameras, smartphones, and other portable field recording devices. A case study comes from the shooting death of well-known Al Jazeera television correspondent Shireen
{"title":"22","authors":"Bernardo Kucinski","doi":"10.5749/j.ctvf34hv9.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctvf34hv9.24","url":null,"abstract":"User generated recordings (UGRs) are increasingly presented as evidence in forensic investigations due to the widespread use of handheld cameras, smartphones, and other portable field recording devices. A case study comes from the shooting death of well-known Al Jazeera television correspondent Shireen","PeriodicalId":382477,"journal":{"name":"You Can Cross the Massacre on Foot","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1871-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123591206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It was only after lunch, at around one, that Clotilde received Pascal’s telegram. She had actually been shunned that particular day by her brother Maxime, who had generally been making her feel the brunt of his invalid’s whims and rages with growing harshness. All...
{"title":"13","authors":"C. Mawson, F. Bion","doi":"10.5749/j.ctvf34hv9.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctvf34hv9.15","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It was only after lunch, at around one, that Clotilde received Pascal’s telegram. She had actually been shunned that particular day by her brother Maxime, who had generally been making her feel the brunt of his invalid’s whims and rages with growing harshness. All...","PeriodicalId":382477,"journal":{"name":"You Can Cross the Massacre on Foot","volume":"456 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1871-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115292607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"28","authors":"C. Mawson, F. Bion","doi":"10.5749/j.ctvx8b6sh.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctvx8b6sh.29","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":382477,"journal":{"name":"You Can Cross the Massacre on Foot","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1871-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116599474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The main goal of this paper is to research differences that start to change consumer behavior in the digital era since the advent of COVID 19. The events associated with the pandemic that led to increased social distance and complete lockdown undoubtedly affect not only the economic situation territories and countries in general, but also on the behavior of each individual. The situation that has arisen has forced more and more consumers to meet their needs with the help of digital tools, and this process has some special characteristics. The article shows the results of analytical and comparative analysis of the changes in consumer behavior in the digital space since the onset of the pandemic. It was researched trends change consumer demand in the study categories via Google Trends. The practical study was conducted on the basis of the analysis of changes in consumer behavior and their preferences in the direction of recreation and tourism, where the data of a sociological survey of Azerbaijani citizens to study the potential impact of COVID-19 on the tourism industry was used. The survey was conducted on April 13-21, 2020 by a team of researchers from the University of Northampton (UK), the National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, University of National and World Economy (Bulgaria). According to the results of the study, conclusions were drawn that give new challenges to the development of marketing in the digital environment, namely: digital tools have had rapid unpredictable development since the COVID-19 pandemic, and remain as high level in demand after easing restrictive measures; entrepreneurship was not ready for such quick transformation; after the first interactions in digital space, the consumer has a stable experience of interaction with specific brands, but they disappoint the expectations of consumers in a personalized contact. Based on the conclusions, an algorithm for building relationships with consumers and increasing their level of loyalty in the digital environment is proposed. The results of this study could be used in the implementation of marketing goals of representatives of different levels of business structures, governments.
{"title":"19","authors":"Carter Ratcliff","doi":"10.14321/j.ctvhn08v8.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/j.ctvhn08v8.21","url":null,"abstract":". The main goal of this paper is to research differences that start to change consumer behavior in the digital era since the advent of COVID 19. The events associated with the pandemic that led to increased social distance and complete lockdown undoubtedly affect not only the economic situation territories and countries in general, but also on the behavior of each individual. The situation that has arisen has forced more and more consumers to meet their needs with the help of digital tools, and this process has some special characteristics. The article shows the results of analytical and comparative analysis of the changes in consumer behavior in the digital space since the onset of the pandemic. It was researched trends change consumer demand in the study categories via Google Trends. The practical study was conducted on the basis of the analysis of changes in consumer behavior and their preferences in the direction of recreation and tourism, where the data of a sociological survey of Azerbaijani citizens to study the potential impact of COVID-19 on the tourism industry was used. The survey was conducted on April 13-21, 2020 by a team of researchers from the University of Northampton (UK), the National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, University of National and World Economy (Bulgaria). According to the results of the study, conclusions were drawn that give new challenges to the development of marketing in the digital environment, namely: digital tools have had rapid unpredictable development since the COVID-19 pandemic, and remain as high level in demand after easing restrictive measures; entrepreneurship was not ready for such quick transformation; after the first interactions in digital space, the consumer has a stable experience of interaction with specific brands, but they disappoint the expectations of consumers in a personalized contact. Based on the conclusions, an algorithm for building relationships with consumers and increasing their level of loyalty in the digital environment is proposed. The results of this study could be used in the implementation of marketing goals of representatives of different levels of business structures, governments.","PeriodicalId":382477,"journal":{"name":"You Can Cross the Massacre on Foot","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1871-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129894483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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