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2017 32nd IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)最新文献

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ICoq: Regression proof selection for large-scale verification projects ICoq:大规模验证项目的回归证明选择
Ahmet Çelik, Karl Palmskog, Miloš Gligorić
Proof assistants such as Coq are used to construct and check formal proofs in many large-scale verification projects. As proofs grow in number and size, the need for tool support to quickly find failing proofs after revising a project increases. We present a technique for large-scale regression proof selection, suitable for use in continuous integration services, e.g., Travis CI. We instantiate the technique in a tool dubbed iCoq. iCoq tracks fine-grained dependencies between Coq definitions, propositions, and proofs, and only checks those proofs affected by changes between two revisions. iCoq additionally saves time by ignoring changes with no impact on semantics. We applied iCoq to track dependencies across many revisions in several large Coq projects and measured the time savings compared to proof checking from scratch and when using Coq's timestamp-based toolchain for incremental checking. Our results show that proof checking with iC oq is up to 10 times faster than the former and up to 3 times faster than the latter.
在许多大型验证项目中,Coq等证明助手被用于构造和检查形式证明。随着证明在数量和大小上的增长,对工具支持的需求增加,以便在修改项目后快速找到失败的证明。我们提出了一种大规模回归证明选择技术,适用于持续集成服务,例如Travis CI。我们在一个名为iCoq的工具中实例化了该技术。iCoq跟踪Coq定义、命题和证明之间的细粒度依赖关系,并且只检查那些受两次修订之间更改影响的证明。iCoq还通过忽略不影响语义的更改来节省时间。我们在几个大型Coq项目中应用iCoq来跟踪许多修订版之间的依赖关系,并测量了与从头开始进行证明检查和使用Coq的基于时间戳的工具链进行增量检查相比节省的时间。我们的结果表明,使用iC oq的证明检查速度比前者快10倍,比后者快3倍。
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引用次数: 13
FEMIR: A tool for recommending framework extension examples FEMIR:推荐框架扩展示例的工具
M. Asaduzzaman, C. Roy, Kevin A. Schneider, Daqing Hou
Software frameworks enable developers to reuse existing well tested functionalities instead of taking the burden of implementing everything from scratch. However, to meet application specific requirements, the frameworks need to be customized via extension points. This is often done by passing a framework related object as an argument to an API call. To enable such customizations, the object can be created by extending a framework class, implementing an interface, or changing the properties of the object via API calls. However, it is both a common and non-trivial task to find all the details related to the customizations. In this paper, we present a tool, called FEMIR, that utilizes partial program analysis and graph mining technique to detect, group, and rank framework extension examples. The tool extends existing code completion infrastructure to inform developers about customization choices, enabling them to browse through extension points of a framework, and frequent usages of each point in terms of code examples. A video demo is made available at https://asaduzzamanparvez.wordpress.com/femir.
软件框架使开发人员能够重用现有的经过良好测试的功能,而不是承担从头开始实现所有功能的负担。然而,为了满足特定于应用程序的需求,需要通过扩展点对框架进行定制。这通常是通过将框架相关对象作为参数传递给API调用来实现的。要启用这种自定义,可以通过扩展框架类、实现接口或通过API调用更改对象的属性来创建对象。然而,查找与自定义相关的所有细节是一项常见且重要的任务。在本文中,我们提出了一个叫做FEMIR的工具,它利用部分程序分析和图挖掘技术来检测、分组和排序框架扩展示例。该工具扩展了现有的代码完成基础结构,告知开发人员有关定制选择的信息,使他们能够浏览框架的扩展点,以及根据代码示例频繁使用每个点。视频演示可在https://asaduzzamanparvez.wordpress.com/femir上获得。
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引用次数: 7
In-memory fuzzing for binary code similarity analysis 二进制代码相似度分析的内存模糊分析
Shuai Wang, Dinghao Wu
Detecting similar functions in binary executables serves as a foundation for many binary code analysis and reuse tasks. By far, recognizing similar components in binary code remains a challenge. Existing research employs either static or dynamic approaches to capture program syntax or semantics-level features for comparison. However, there exist multiple design limitations in previous work, which result in relatively high cost, low accuracy and scalability, and thus severely impede their practical use. In this paper, we present a novel method that leverages in-memory fuzzing for binary code similarity analysis. Our prototype tool IMF-SIM applies in-memory fuzzing to launch analysis towards every function and collect traces of different kinds of program behaviors. The similarity score of two behavior traces is computed according to their longest common subsequence. To compare two functions, a feature vector is generated, whose elements are the similarity scores of the behavior trace-level comparisons. We train a machine learning model through labeled feature vectors; later, for a given feature vector by comparing two functions, the trained model gives a final score, representing the similarity score of the two functions. We evaluate IMF-SIM against binaries compiled by different compilers, optimizations, and commonly-used obfuscation methods, in total over one thousand binary executables. Our evaluation shows that IMF-SIM notably outperforms existing tools with higher accuracy and broader application scopes.
检测二进制可执行文件中的类似函数是许多二进制代码分析和重用任务的基础。到目前为止,识别二进制代码中的相似组件仍然是一个挑战。现有的研究采用静态或动态方法捕获程序语法或语义级别的特征进行比较。然而,在以往的工作中存在着诸多设计局限性,导致其成本相对较高,精度和可扩展性较低,严重阻碍了其实际应用。在本文中,我们提出了一种利用内存模糊进行二进制代码相似度分析的新方法。我们的原型工具IMF-SIM应用内存模糊对每个函数进行分析,并收集不同类型程序行为的痕迹。根据两个行为轨迹的最长公共子序列计算它们的相似度得分。为了比较两个函数,生成一个特征向量,其元素是行为跟踪级比较的相似性分数。我们通过标记特征向量来训练机器学习模型;然后,通过比较两个函数得到给定的特征向量,训练后的模型给出一个最终得分,表示两个函数的相似度得分。我们针对由不同编译器、优化和常用混淆方法编译的二进制文件(总共超过1000个二进制可执行文件)对IMF-SIM进行了评估。我们的评估表明,IMF-SIM显著优于现有工具,具有更高的精度和更广泛的应用范围。
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引用次数: 53
Sketch-guided GUI test generation for mobile applications 为移动应用程序生成草图引导的GUI测试
Chucheng Zhang, Haoliang Cheng, Enyi Tang, Xin Chen, Lei Bu, Xuandong Li
Mobile applications with complex GUIs are very popular today. However, generating test cases for these applications is often tedious professional work. On the one hand, manually designing and writing elaborate GUI scripts requires expertise. On the other hand, generating GUI scripts with record and playback techniques usually depends on repetitive work that testers need to interact with the application over and over again, because only one path is recorded in an execution. Automatic GUI testing focuses on exploring combinations of GUI events. As the number of combinations is huge, it is still necessary to introduce a test interface for testers to reduce its search space. This paper presents a sketch-guided GUI test generation approach for testing mobile applications, which provides a simple but expressive interface for testers to specify their testing purposes. Testers just need to draw a few simple strokes on the screenshots. Then our approach translates the strokes to a testing model and initiates a model-based automatic GUI testing. We evaluate our sketch-guided approach on a few real-world Android applications collected from the literature. The results show that our approach can achieve higher coverage than existing automatic GUI testing techniques with just 10-minute sketching for an application.
如今,带有复杂gui的移动应用非常流行。然而,为这些应用程序生成测试用例通常是乏味的专业工作。一方面,手工设计和编写精细的GUI脚本需要专业知识。另一方面,使用记录和回放技术生成GUI脚本通常依赖于测试人员需要一遍又一遍地与应用程序交互的重复性工作,因为在一次执行中只记录了一条路径。自动GUI测试侧重于探索GUI事件的组合。由于组合的数量非常庞大,因此仍然需要为测试人员引入一个测试接口,以减少其搜索空间。本文提出了一种用于测试移动应用程序的图形用户界面测试生成方法,它为测试人员提供了一个简单而富有表现力的界面来指定他们的测试目的。测试者只需要在截图上画一些简单的笔画。然后,我们的方法将笔画转换为测试模型,并启动基于模型的自动GUI测试。我们在从文献中收集的几个真实的Android应用程序上评估了我们的草图指导方法。结果表明,我们的方法可以实现比现有的自动GUI测试技术更高的覆盖率,只需为应用程序绘制10分钟的草图。
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引用次数: 12
FiB: Squeezing loop invariants by interpolation between forward/backward predicate transformers FiB:通过前向/后向谓词转换器之间的插值压缩循环不变量
Shang-Wei Lin, Jun Sun, Hao Xiao, Yang Liu, David Sanán, Henri Hansen
Loop invariant generation is a fundamental problem in program analysis and verification. In this work, we propose a new approach to automatically constructing inductive loop invariants. The key idea is to aggressively squeeze an inductive invariant based on Craig interpolants between forward and backward reachability analysis. We have evaluated our approach by a set of loop benchmarks, and experimental results show that our approach is promising.
循环不变量的生成是程序分析与验证中的一个基本问题。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种自动构造归纳循环不变量的新方法。关键思想是在前向和后向可达性分析之间积极地挤压一个基于克雷格插值的归纳不变量。我们已经通过一组循环基准测试评估了我们的方法,实验结果表明我们的方法是有希望的。
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引用次数: 19
Predicting relevance of change recommendations 预测变更建议的相关性
Thomas Rolfsnes, L. Moonen, D. Binkley
Software change recommendation seeks to suggest artifacts (e.g., files or methods) that are related to changes made by a developer, and thus identifies possible omissions or next steps. While one obvious challenge for recommender systems is to produce accurate recommendations, a complimentary challenge is to rank recommendations based on their relevance. In this paper, we address this challenge for recommendation systems that are based on evolutionary coupling. Such systems use targeted association-rule mining to identify relevant patterns in a software system's change history. Traditionally, this process involves ranking artifacts using interestingness measures such as confidence and support. However, these measures often fall short when used to assess recommendation relevance. We propose the use of random forest classification models to assess recommendation relevance. This approach improves on past use of various interestingness measures by learning from previous change recommendations. We empirically evaluate our approach on fourteen open source systems and two systems from our industry partners. Furthermore, we consider complimenting two mining algorithms: Co-Change and Tarmaq. The results find that random forest classification significantly outperforms previous approaches, receives lower Brier scores, and has superior trade-off between precision and recall. The results are consistent across software system and mining algorithm.
软件变更建议寻求建议与开发人员所做的变更相关的工件(例如,文件或方法),从而确定可能的遗漏或下一步。虽然推荐系统面临的一个明显挑战是产生准确的推荐,但另一个挑战是根据相关性对推荐进行排名。在本文中,我们为基于进化耦合的推荐系统解决了这一挑战。这种系统使用目标关联规则挖掘来识别软件系统变更历史中的相关模式。传统上,这个过程包括使用诸如信心和支持之类的有趣度量对工件进行排序。然而,当用于评估推荐相关性时,这些措施往往不足。我们建议使用随机森林分类模型来评估推荐相关性。这种方法通过学习以前的变更建议,改进了过去使用的各种有趣度度量。我们在14个开源系统和两个来自我们行业合作伙伴的系统上对我们的方法进行了经验评估。此外,我们考虑补充两种挖掘算法:Co-Change和Tarmaq。结果发现,随机森林分类显著优于以前的方法,获得较低的Brier分数,并且在精度和召回率之间具有更好的权衡。跨软件系统和挖掘算法的结果是一致的。
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引用次数: 12
Towards API-specific automatic program repair 针对api的自动程序修复
Sebastian Nielebock
The domain of Automatic Program Repair (APR) had many research contributions in recent years. So far, most approaches target fixing generic bugs in programs (e.g., off-by-one errors). Nevertheless, recent studies reveal that about 50% of real bugs require API-specific fixes (e.g., adding missing API method calls or correcting method ordering), for which existing APR approaches are not designed. In this paper, we address this problem and introduce the notion of an API-specific program repair mechanism. This mechanism detects erroneous code in a similar way to existing APR approaches. However, to fix such bugs, it uses API-specific information from the erroneous code to search for API usage patterns in other software, with which we could fix the bug. We provide first insights on the applicability of this mechanism and discuss upcoming research challenges.
近年来,自动程序修复(APR)领域的研究有很多贡献。到目前为止,大多数方法的目标是修复程序中的通用错误(例如,偏离1的错误)。然而,最近的研究表明,大约50%的真正bug需要API特定的修复(例如,添加缺失的API方法调用或纠正方法顺序),而现有的APR方法并没有针对这些问题进行设计。在本文中,我们解决了这个问题,并引入了api特定程序修复机制的概念。该机制以与现有APR方法类似的方式检测错误代码。然而,为了修复这些错误,它使用来自错误代码的API特定信息来搜索其他软件中的API使用模式,我们可以使用这些信息来修复错误。我们提供了关于该机制适用性的初步见解,并讨论了即将到来的研究挑战。
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引用次数: 2
Parsimony: An IDE for example-guided synthesis of lexers and parsers Parsimony:用于示例指导的词法分析器和解析器合成的IDE
Alan Leung, Sorin Lerner
We present Parsimony, a programming-by-example development environment for synthesizing lexers and parsers by example. Parsimony provides a graphical interface in which the user presents examples simply by selecting and labeling sample text in a text editor. An underlying synthesis engine then constructs syntactic rules to solve the system of constraints induced by the supplied examples. Parsimony is more expressive and usable than prior programming-by-example systems for parsers in several ways: Parsimony can (1) synthesize lexer rules in addition to productions, (2) solve for much larger constraint systems over multiple examples, rather than handling examples one-at-a-time, and (3) infer much more complex sets of productions, such as entire algebraic expression grammars, by detecting instances of well-known grammar design patterns. The results of a controlled user study across 18 participants show that users are able to perform lexing and parsing tasks faster and with fewer mistakes when using Parsimony as compared to a traditional parsing workflow.
我们介绍了Parsimony,这是一个示例编程开发环境,用于通过示例来合成词法分析器和解析器。Parsimony提供了一个图形界面,用户只需在文本编辑器中选择和标记示例文本就可以在其中显示示例。然后,底层合成引擎构建语法规则来解决由提供的示例引起的约束系统。Parsimony在以下几个方面比以前的解析器示例编程系统更具表现力和可用性:Parsimony可以(1)在结果之外综合词法器规则,(2)在多个示例上解决更大的约束系统,而不是一次处理一个示例,以及(3)通过检测众所周知的语法设计模式的实例来推断更复杂的结果集,例如整个代数表达式语法。一项涉及18名参与者的受控用户研究的结果表明,与传统的解析工作流程相比,使用Parsimony时,用户能够更快地执行词法分析和解析任务,并且错误更少。
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引用次数: 3
SimplyDroid: Efficient event sequence simplification for android application SimplyDroid: android应用程序的高效事件序列简化
Bo Jiang, Yuxuan Wu, Teng Li, W. Chan
To ensure the quality of Android applications, many automatic test case generation techniques have been proposed. Among them, the Monkey fuzz testing tool and its variants are simple, effective and widely applicable. However, one major drawback of those Monkey tools is that they often generate many events in a failure-inducing input trace, which makes the follow-up debugging activities hard to apply. It is desirable to simplify or reduce the input event sequence while triggering the same failure. In this paper, we propose an efficient event trace representation and the SimplyDroid tool with three hierarchical delta-debugging algorithms each operating on this trace representation to simplify crash traces. We have evaluated SimplyDroid on a suite of real-life Android applications with 92 crash traces. The empirical result shows that our new algorithms in SimplyDroid are both efficient and effective in reducing these event traces.
为了保证Android应用程序的质量,人们提出了许多自动生成测试用例的技术。其中Monkey模糊测试工具及其变体简单有效,适用范围广。然而,这些Monkey工具的一个主要缺点是,它们经常在导致故障的输入跟踪中生成许多事件,这使得后续调试活动难以应用。在触发相同的故障时,希望简化或减少输入事件序列。在本文中,我们提出了一种高效的事件跟踪表示和SimplyDroid工具,该工具具有三种分层delta调试算法,每种算法都在该跟踪表示上运行,以简化崩溃跟踪。我们在一套真实的Android应用程序上对SimplyDroid进行了评估,发现了92个崩溃痕迹。实验结果表明,我们在SimplyDroid中的新算法在减少这些事件痕迹方面是高效有效的。
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引用次数: 9
TiQi: A natural language interface for querying software project data TiQi:用于查询软件项目数据的自然语言接口
Jinfeng Lin, Yalin Liu, Jin Guo, J. Cleland-Huang, Will Goss, Wenchuang Liu, Sugandha Lohar, Natawut Monaikul, A. Rasin
Software projects produce large quantities of data such as feature requests, requirements, design artifacts, source code, tests, safety cases, release plans, and bug reports. If leveraged effectively, this data can be used to provide project intelligence that supports diverse software engineering activities such as release planning, impact analysis, and software analytics. However, project stakeholders often lack skills to formulate complex queries needed to retrieve, manipulate, and display the data in meaningful ways. To address these challenges we introduce TiQi, a natural language interface, which allows users to express software-related queries verbally or written in natural language. TiQi is a web-based tool. It visualizes available project data as a prompt to the user, accepts Natural Language (NL) queries, transforms those queries into SQL, and then executes the queries against a centralized or distributed database. Raw data is stored either directly in the database or retrieved dynamically at runtime from case tools and repositories such as Github and Jira. The transformed query is visualized back to the user as SQL and augmented UML, and raw data results are returned. Our tool demo can be found on YouTube at the following link:http://tinyurl.com/TIQIDemo.
软件项目产生大量的数据,如特性请求、需求、设计工件、源代码、测试、安全用例、发布计划和bug报告。如果有效地利用,这些数据可以用来提供支持各种软件工程活动的项目情报,例如发布计划、影响分析和软件分析。然而,项目涉众通常缺乏制定以有意义的方式检索、操作和显示数据所需的复杂查询的技能。为了应对这些挑战,我们引入了TiQi,一个自然语言界面,它允许用户用自然语言口头或书面表达与软件相关的查询。TiQi是一个基于网络的工具。它将可用的项目数据可视化为用户提示,接受自然语言(NL)查询,将这些查询转换为SQL,然后针对集中式或分布式数据库执行查询。原始数据要么直接存储在数据库中,要么在运行时从case工具和存储库(如Github和Jira)动态检索。转换后的查询以SQL和增强的UML的形式显示给用户,并返回原始数据结果。我们的工具演示可以在YouTube上找到以下链接:http://tinyurl.com/TIQIDemo。
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引用次数: 14
期刊
2017 32nd IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)
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