Phuc Nguyen, M. Ravindranathan, Anh Nguyen, Richard O. Han, Tam N. Vu
Beyond their benign uses, civilian drones have increasingly been used in problematic ways that have stirred concern from the public and authorities. While many anti-drone systems have been proposed to take them down, such systems often rely on a fundamental assumption that the presence of the drone has already been detected and is known to the defender. However, there is a lack of an automated cost-effective drone detection system. In this paper, we investigate a drone detection system that is designed tao autonomously detect and characterize drones using radio frequency wireless signals. In particular, two technical approaches are proposed. The first approach is active tracking where the system sends a radio signal and then listens for its reflected component. The second approach is passive listening where it receives, extracts, and then analyzes observed wireless signal. We perform a set of preliminary experiments to explore the feasibility of the approaches using WARP and USRP software-defined platforms. Our preliminary results illustrate the feasibility of the proposed system and identify the challenges for future research.
{"title":"Investigating Cost-effective RF-based Detection of Drones","authors":"Phuc Nguyen, M. Ravindranathan, Anh Nguyen, Richard O. Han, Tam N. Vu","doi":"10.1145/2935620.2935632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2935620.2935632","url":null,"abstract":"Beyond their benign uses, civilian drones have increasingly been used in problematic ways that have stirred concern from the public and authorities. While many anti-drone systems have been proposed to take them down, such systems often rely on a fundamental assumption that the presence of the drone has already been detected and is known to the defender. However, there is a lack of an automated cost-effective drone detection system. In this paper, we investigate a drone detection system that is designed tao autonomously detect and characterize drones using radio frequency wireless signals. In particular, two technical approaches are proposed. The first approach is active tracking where the system sends a radio signal and then listens for its reflected component. The second approach is passive listening where it receives, extracts, and then analyzes observed wireless signal. We perform a set of preliminary experiments to explore the feasibility of the approaches using WARP and USRP software-defined platforms. Our preliminary results illustrate the feasibility of the proposed system and identify the challenges for future research.","PeriodicalId":383701,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Applications for Civilian Use","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124393762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rosalie, Grégoire Danoy, P. Bouvry, S. Chaumette
The development and usage of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) quickly increased in the last decades, mainly for military purposes. Nowadays, this type of technology is used in non-military contexts mainly for civil and environment protection: search & rescue teams, fire fighters, police officers, environmental scientific studies, etc. Although the technology for operating a single UAV is now mature, additional efforts are still necessary for using UAVs in fleets (or swarms). This position paper presents the ASIMUT project (Aid to SItuation Management based on MUltimodal, MUltiUAVs, MUltilevel acquisition Techniques). The challenges of this project consist of handling several fleets of UAVs (swarms) including communication, networking and positioning aspects. This motivates the development of novel multilevel cooperation algorithms which is an area that has not been widely explored, especially when autonomy is an additional challenge. Moreover, we will provide techniques to optimize communications for multilevel swarms. Finally, we will develop distributed and localized mobility management algorithms that will cope with conflicting objectives such as connectivity maintenance and geographical area coverage.
{"title":"UAV Multilevel Swarms for Situation Management","authors":"M. Rosalie, Grégoire Danoy, P. Bouvry, S. Chaumette","doi":"10.1145/2935620.2935631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2935620.2935631","url":null,"abstract":"The development and usage of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) quickly increased in the last decades, mainly for military purposes. Nowadays, this type of technology is used in non-military contexts mainly for civil and environment protection: search & rescue teams, fire fighters, police officers, environmental scientific studies, etc. Although the technology for operating a single UAV is now mature, additional efforts are still necessary for using UAVs in fleets (or swarms). This position paper presents the ASIMUT project (Aid to SItuation Management based on MUltimodal, MUltiUAVs, MUltilevel acquisition Techniques). The challenges of this project consist of handling several fleets of UAVs (swarms) including communication, networking and positioning aspects. This motivates the development of novel multilevel cooperation algorithms which is an area that has not been widely explored, especially when autonomy is an additional challenge. Moreover, we will provide techniques to optimize communications for multilevel swarms. Finally, we will develop distributed and localized mobility management algorithms that will cope with conflicting objectives such as connectivity maintenance and geographical area coverage.","PeriodicalId":383701,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Applications for Civilian Use","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117241138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seung-Hyun Seo, Jongho Won, E. Bertino, Yousung Kang, Dooho Choi
Delivery drones are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) utilized to transport packages, food, medicine, or other goods. With high demand for a prompt and efficient delivery, a drone delivery system can be an effective solution for timely deliveries and especially for emergency management. However, current delivery drone systems lack crucial security functions. Drones may have to operate in unsupervised hostile areas, and therefore be vulnerable to physical capture in addition to conventional cyber attacks. A captured drone can be analyzed by a white-box attack model in which the attacker has full control over the execution environment of cryptographic modules in static and dynamic methods including all side-channel information. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a security framework which utilizes white-box cryptography in order to protect critical data and cryptographic keys in delivery drones from white-box attacks. The experimental results show that the proposed framework is cost effective in terms of resource usage and thus is suitable even for resource-limited UAV.
{"title":"A Security Framework for a Drone Delivery Service","authors":"Seung-Hyun Seo, Jongho Won, E. Bertino, Yousung Kang, Dooho Choi","doi":"10.1145/2935620.2935629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2935620.2935629","url":null,"abstract":"Delivery drones are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) utilized to transport packages, food, medicine, or other goods. With high demand for a prompt and efficient delivery, a drone delivery system can be an effective solution for timely deliveries and especially for emergency management. However, current delivery drone systems lack crucial security functions. Drones may have to operate in unsupervised hostile areas, and therefore be vulnerable to physical capture in addition to conventional cyber attacks. A captured drone can be analyzed by a white-box attack model in which the attacker has full control over the execution environment of cryptographic modules in static and dynamic methods including all side-channel information. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a security framework which utilizes white-box cryptography in order to protect critical data and cryptographic keys in delivery drones from white-box attacks. The experimental results show that the proposed framework is cost effective in terms of resource usage and thus is suitable even for resource-limited UAV.","PeriodicalId":383701,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Applications for Civilian Use","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133195945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The popularity of drones has grown rapidly, and this increasing popularity has inspired numerous attractive applications, such as aerial photography, environment monitoring, rescue, tracking, and terrain modeling. Most of existing applications, however, still rely on single or multiple drones operating independently. One might look forward to more exciting applications if multiple drones can form clusters and cooperate with each other to broaden their coverage and capability. A practical challenge is how to connect those drones as a self-organizing wireless network as they move to accomplish the assigned task and change the topology dynamically over time. Mesh networks is usually thought of a preferable choice as a self-organizing structure because of its scalability, reliability, efficiency and low maintenance cost as compared to ad-hoc networks. However, traditional mesh networks are usually constructed as a fixed infrastructure that serves mobile devices locating nearby. Such a static infrastructure can hardly support drones, which are usually highly dynamic and fly around a large terrain. In this talk, I will introduce a new class of mesh networks called Autonomous Mobile Mesh Network (AMMNET). Unlike conventional meshes, the mobile mesh nodes of an AMMNET are capable of following the drones in the application terrain, while organizing themselves into a suitable network topology to ensure good connectivity. AMMNET's mobile infrastructure can hence serve highly-dynamic drones and enable reliable team collaboration.
{"title":"Autonomous Mobile Drone Mesh Networks","authors":"K. Lin","doi":"10.1145/2935620.2949660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2935620.2949660","url":null,"abstract":"The popularity of drones has grown rapidly, and this increasing popularity has inspired numerous attractive applications, such as aerial photography, environment monitoring, rescue, tracking, and terrain modeling. Most of existing applications, however, still rely on single or multiple drones operating independently. One might look forward to more exciting applications if multiple drones can form clusters and cooperate with each other to broaden their coverage and capability. A practical challenge is how to connect those drones as a self-organizing wireless network as they move to accomplish the assigned task and change the topology dynamically over time. Mesh networks is usually thought of a preferable choice as a self-organizing structure because of its scalability, reliability, efficiency and low maintenance cost as compared to ad-hoc networks. However, traditional mesh networks are usually constructed as a fixed infrastructure that serves mobile devices locating nearby. Such a static infrastructure can hardly support drones, which are usually highly dynamic and fly around a large terrain. In this talk, I will introduce a new class of mesh networks called Autonomous Mobile Mesh Network (AMMNET). Unlike conventional meshes, the mobile mesh nodes of an AMMNET are capable of following the drones in the application terrain, while organizing themselves into a suitable network topology to ensure good connectivity. AMMNET's mobile infrastructure can hence serve highly-dynamic drones and enable reliable team collaboration.","PeriodicalId":383701,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Applications for Civilian Use","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117025369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jongwon Yoon, Peng Liu, Suman Banerjee, SangHyeog Kim
We explore a new application domain; live streaming service with aerial vehicles, drone. The performance of real-time streaming application highly affected by the variant wireless network. To provide stable and satisfactory streaming service, we propose real-time video transcoding solution. Our system uses channel-aware approach to realize efficient video bitrate adaptation for broadcasting live stream. We implement hardware-assisted video transcoding on a single-board computer, Raspberry Pi, and mount it on the drone for live streaming application.
{"title":"PI in the Sky","authors":"Jongwon Yoon, Peng Liu, Suman Banerjee, SangHyeog Kim","doi":"10.1145/2935620.2935626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2935620.2935626","url":null,"abstract":"We explore a new application domain; live streaming service with aerial vehicles, drone. The performance of real-time streaming application highly affected by the variant wireless network. To provide stable and satisfactory streaming service, we propose real-time video transcoding solution. Our system uses channel-aware approach to realize efficient video bitrate adaptation for broadcasting live stream. We implement hardware-assisted video transcoding on a single-board computer, Raspberry Pi, and mount it on the drone for live streaming application.","PeriodicalId":383701,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Applications for Civilian Use","volume":"C-20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126777607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drones have quickly become ubiquitous for both recreational and serious use. As is frequently the case with new technology in general, their rapid adoption already far exceeds our legal, policy, and social ability to cope with such issues as privacy and interference with well-established commercial and military air space. While the FAA has issued rulings, they will almost certainly be challenged in court as disputes arise, for example, when property owners shoot drones down. It is clear that drones will provide a critical role in smart cities and be connected to, if not directly a part of the IoT (Internet of Things). Drones will provide an essential role in providing network relay connectivity and situational awareness, particularly in disaster assessment and recovery scenarios. As is typical for new network technologies, the deployment of the drone hardware far exceeds our research in protocols -- extending our previous understanding of MANETs (mobile ad hoc networks) and DTNs (disruption tolerant networks) -- and more importantly, management, control, resilience, security, and privacy concerns. This keynote address will discuss these challenges and consider future research directions.
{"title":"Drones in the Smart City and IoT: Protocols, Resilience, Benefits, and Risks","authors":"J. Sterbenz","doi":"10.1145/2935620.2949659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2935620.2949659","url":null,"abstract":"Drones have quickly become ubiquitous for both recreational and serious use. As is frequently the case with new technology in general, their rapid adoption already far exceeds our legal, policy, and social ability to cope with such issues as privacy and interference with well-established commercial and military air space. While the FAA has issued rulings, they will almost certainly be challenged in court as disputes arise, for example, when property owners shoot drones down. It is clear that drones will provide a critical role in smart cities and be connected to, if not directly a part of the IoT (Internet of Things). Drones will provide an essential role in providing network relay connectivity and situational awareness, particularly in disaster assessment and recovery scenarios. As is typical for new network technologies, the deployment of the drone hardware far exceeds our research in protocols -- extending our previous understanding of MANETs (mobile ad hoc networks) and DTNs (disruption tolerant networks) -- and more importantly, management, control, resilience, security, and privacy concerns. This keynote address will discuss these challenges and consider future research directions.","PeriodicalId":383701,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Applications for Civilian Use","volume":"671 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132366839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Trotta, L. Bedogni, M. D. Felice, L. Bononi, E. Natalizio
After the digital TV switch-over, national spectrum regulators are considering opportunistic spectrum access techniques in the TV White Spaces (TVWS) frequency band. At present, the reference solution envisages the utilization of geolocation spectrum databases (GLDBs), in which spectrum availability is computed through complex propagation models. However, recent studies indicate that the used path loss model in GLDBs could be either inaccurate or too much conservative, possibly reducing the use of TVWS for opportunistic use by secondary networks. In this paper, we investigate the possibility to enhance the estimation accuracy of GLDBs with sensing reports produced by a swarm of Unmanned Aerial Scanning Vehicles (UASVs). These latter are able to explore the scenario in both space and frequencies, and to build a fine-grained shadowing map which can be used to tune the accuracy of propagation model used by GLDB. A novel distributed mobility algorithm is described for the sensing coverage of the scenario, and an aggregation mechanism for the map creation is illustrated. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of our scheme in terms of TVWS detection accuracy and scenario coverage issues.
{"title":"Enhancing TV White-Spaces Database with Unmanned Aerial Scanning Vehicles (UASVs)","authors":"A. Trotta, L. Bedogni, M. D. Felice, L. Bononi, E. Natalizio","doi":"10.1145/2935620.2935621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2935620.2935621","url":null,"abstract":"After the digital TV switch-over, national spectrum regulators are considering opportunistic spectrum access techniques in the TV White Spaces (TVWS) frequency band. At present, the reference solution envisages the utilization of geolocation spectrum databases (GLDBs), in which spectrum availability is computed through complex propagation models. However, recent studies indicate that the used path loss model in GLDBs could be either inaccurate or too much conservative, possibly reducing the use of TVWS for opportunistic use by secondary networks. In this paper, we investigate the possibility to enhance the estimation accuracy of GLDBs with sensing reports produced by a swarm of Unmanned Aerial Scanning Vehicles (UASVs). These latter are able to explore the scenario in both space and frequencies, and to build a fine-grained shadowing map which can be used to tune the accuracy of propagation model used by GLDB. A novel distributed mobility algorithm is described for the sensing coverage of the scenario, and an aggregation mechanism for the map creation is illustrated. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of our scheme in terms of TVWS detection accuracy and scenario coverage issues.","PeriodicalId":383701,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Applications for Civilian Use","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126862797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Key to the operation of robot drones is the autopilot software that realizes the low-level control. The correctness of autopilot implementations is currently mainly verified based on simulations. These may overlook the timing aspects of control loop executions, which are however fundamental to dependable operation. We report on our experience in applying model-based real-time testing to Ardupilot, a widely adopted autopilot. We describe our approach at deriving a model of Ardupilot's core functionality and at reducing the model to enable practical testing. Our work reveals that Ardupilot may fail in meeting the time constraints associated to critical functionality, such as enabling fail-safe operation. Through controlled experiments, we demonstrate the real-world occurrence of such erroneous executions.
{"title":"Model-based Real-time Testing of Drone Autopilots","authors":"Andrea Patelli, L. Mottola","doi":"10.1145/2935620.2935630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2935620.2935630","url":null,"abstract":"Key to the operation of robot drones is the autopilot software that realizes the low-level control. The correctness of autopilot implementations is currently mainly verified based on simulations. These may overlook the timing aspects of control loop executions, which are however fundamental to dependable operation. We report on our experience in applying model-based real-time testing to Ardupilot, a widely adopted autopilot. We describe our approach at deriving a model of Ardupilot's core functionality and at reducing the model to enable practical testing. Our work reveals that Ardupilot may fail in meeting the time constraints associated to critical functionality, such as enabling fail-safe operation. Through controlled experiments, we demonstrate the real-world occurrence of such erroneous executions.","PeriodicalId":383701,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Applications for Civilian Use","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128980768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing use of multicopters and other unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems has caused the need for appropriate security measures. Such measures are usually country-specific and differ significantly from each other. In Europe, several national aviation regularities have implemented national registration processes whose non-compliance constitutes a violation of law and may be prosecutable. In this paper we summarize briefly the current situation regarding UAV licensing in Europe, and then present a self-developed redundancy board that was required by Austria's national aviation agency Austro Control to get the license for flying over densely populated areas. The redundancy board is capable of automatically switching between two built-in flight controllers in case of problems of the primary flight controller. We present the board and its inner workings.
{"title":"Towards Single-Failure-Tolerant Multicopters","authors":"David Mirk, A. Janecek, H. Hlavacs","doi":"10.1145/2935620.2935623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2935620.2935623","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing use of multicopters and other unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems has caused the need for appropriate security measures. Such measures are usually country-specific and differ significantly from each other. In Europe, several national aviation regularities have implemented national registration processes whose non-compliance constitutes a violation of law and may be prosecutable. In this paper we summarize briefly the current situation regarding UAV licensing in Europe, and then present a self-developed redundancy board that was required by Austria's national aviation agency Austro Control to get the license for flying over densely populated areas. The redundancy board is capable of automatically switching between two built-in flight controllers in case of problems of the primary flight controller. We present the board and its inner workings.","PeriodicalId":383701,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Applications for Civilian Use","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116747439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes and discusses two key concepts for controlling the movement of drones in the context of providing drone services: the use of virtual space boxes (a 3D finer-grained analogue to geofencing) and drone-as-reference-station localization. We outline our initial prototype and experimentation with these concepts.
{"title":"Virtual Space Boxes and Drone-as-Reference-Station Localisation for Drone Services: an Approach Based on Signal Strengths","authors":"S. Loke, Majed M. Alwateer, V. Don","doi":"10.1145/2935620.2935627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2935620.2935627","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes and discusses two key concepts for controlling the movement of drones in the context of providing drone services: the use of virtual space boxes (a 3D finer-grained analogue to geofencing) and drone-as-reference-station localization. We outline our initial prototype and experimentation with these concepts.","PeriodicalId":383701,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Applications for Civilian Use","volume":"03 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127170717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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