The study of vegetative and reproductive phenophases of plants is critical for understanding aspects related to plant behavior in different environments. In the tropics, there is a gap of understanding related to plant phenology since the theoretical framework on the topic has been built from perspectives of the temperate region. Furthermore, there are few studies in tropical regions influenced by anthropic conditions, which may be important for understanding these issues in the face of future climate scenarios. This study aimed to describe the vegetative and reproductive phenology of trees in an urban subtropical forest community and to test the influence of climatic variables on the tree community. In an urban forest fragment in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, eight individuals of locally dominant species were monitored: Allophylus edulis , Casearia sylvestris , Guarea macrophylla , Mimosa bimucronata , Myrsine coriacea , Myrsine umbellata , Schinus glandulosum , and Schinus terebinthifolia . The monitoring occurred every two weeks, for two years, with the recording of the presence of leaf flushing, leaf shedding, flowering, and fruiting phenophases for each tree. The seasonality of the species was tested using the Rayleigh test. We described the common pattern of community phenological activity by a Principal Component Analysis. Finally, we correlated the common patterns of each phenophase in the community with climatic variables of total precipitation, average temperature, and day length. All species showed a non-uniform phenological pattern for the evaluated phenophases despite the variable intensity. We evidenced common patterns for the community only for the vegetative phenophases. The reproductive phenophases of flowering and fruiting present themselves independently among species in the community. Finally, we identified influences only of temperature and day length on the vegetative phenophases.
{"title":"Climatic signals on phenological patterns among tree species in a subtropical forest community","authors":"Gabriela Morais Olmedo, Mateus Raguse-Quadros, Guilherme Taboada Conrado, Juliano Morales Oliveira","doi":"10.3897/neotropical.18.e103506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.18.e103506","url":null,"abstract":"The study of vegetative and reproductive phenophases of plants is critical for understanding aspects related to plant behavior in different environments. In the tropics, there is a gap of understanding related to plant phenology since the theoretical framework on the topic has been built from perspectives of the temperate region. Furthermore, there are few studies in tropical regions influenced by anthropic conditions, which may be important for understanding these issues in the face of future climate scenarios. This study aimed to describe the vegetative and reproductive phenology of trees in an urban subtropical forest community and to test the influence of climatic variables on the tree community. In an urban forest fragment in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, eight individuals of locally dominant species were monitored: Allophylus edulis , Casearia sylvestris , Guarea macrophylla , Mimosa bimucronata , Myrsine coriacea , Myrsine umbellata , Schinus glandulosum , and Schinus terebinthifolia . The monitoring occurred every two weeks, for two years, with the recording of the presence of leaf flushing, leaf shedding, flowering, and fruiting phenophases for each tree. The seasonality of the species was tested using the Rayleigh test. We described the common pattern of community phenological activity by a Principal Component Analysis. Finally, we correlated the common patterns of each phenophase in the community with climatic variables of total precipitation, average temperature, and day length. All species showed a non-uniform phenological pattern for the evaluated phenophases despite the variable intensity. We evidenced common patterns for the community only for the vegetative phenophases. The reproductive phenophases of flowering and fruiting present themselves independently among species in the community. Finally, we identified influences only of temperature and day length on the vegetative phenophases.","PeriodicalId":38462,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biology and Conservation","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.18.e103070
Piter Kehoma Boll, Lucas Krüger
On 22 July 2022, the Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos), a private institution and community university in southern Brazil, announced the interruption of 12 of its postgraduate programmes, including the Postgraduate Program of Biology (PPG Biologia), whose professors founded the journal, Neotropical Biology and Conservation. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of papers published by PPG Biologia in the past 20 years to assess its impact on biological research at a national level. The number of publications and citations increased constantly over the years, with publications growing exponentially. Although most collaborations with other research programmes occurred inside Brazil, a significant number of studies were co-authored by researchers from other countries from at least four continents. The main research lines focused on biological sciences, ecology, sociology, education, environmental sciences and genetics. Despite being affected by the decrease in research funding and the reduction of personnel, PPG Biologia kept its high impact score according to the national evaluation, above that of most programmes in private universities and similar to public ones. With a team of renowned researchers working on different and sometimes unique research lines, the interruption of PPG Biologia will harm the progress of biological research and conservation across the Neotropical realm.
{"title":"Productivity and impact of the Unisinos’ Postgraduate Program in Biology and the consequences of its interruption for Brazilian science","authors":"Piter Kehoma Boll, Lucas Krüger","doi":"10.3897/neotropical.18.e103070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.18.e103070","url":null,"abstract":"On 22 July 2022, the Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos), a private institution and community university in southern Brazil, announced the interruption of 12 of its postgraduate programmes, including the Postgraduate Program of Biology (PPG Biologia), whose professors founded the journal, Neotropical Biology and Conservation. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of papers published by PPG Biologia in the past 20 years to assess its impact on biological research at a national level. The number of publications and citations increased constantly over the years, with publications growing exponentially. Although most collaborations with other research programmes occurred inside Brazil, a significant number of studies were co-authored by researchers from other countries from at least four continents. The main research lines focused on biological sciences, ecology, sociology, education, environmental sciences and genetics. Despite being affected by the decrease in research funding and the reduction of personnel, PPG Biologia kept its high impact score according to the national evaluation, above that of most programmes in private universities and similar to public ones. With a team of renowned researchers working on different and sometimes unique research lines, the interruption of PPG Biologia will harm the progress of biological research and conservation across the Neotropical realm.","PeriodicalId":38462,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biology and Conservation","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.18.e103357
Piter Kehoma Boll, Ilana Rossi, Silvana Vargas do Amaral, Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet
Planarians are known for their ability to regenerate missing body parts. However, little is known about the regeneration ability of land planarians, especially regarding Neotropical species. Herein, we investigated the regeneration in the Neotropical land planarian Luteostriata abundans . Specimens were cut in two at different points along the body and monitored for 50 days. Larger and anterior pieces survived more than smaller posterior pieces. Anterior pieces that retained the pharynx continued to feed normally as intact animals, while posterior pieces that retained the pharynx lost its function temporarily. The growth rate was similar amongst all pieces across 50 days. Anterior mouthless pieces regenerated the pharynx and mouth significantly faster than posterior mouthless pieces. After 50 days, the relative position of the mouth along the body reached values close to intact animals in all regenerating pieces. In general, anterior pieces showed higher survival and regenerated faster than posterior fragments, which agrees with observations with other planarian species. However, surviving posterior pieces were able to retain the proportions of intact animals as well. Our results suggest that L. abundans has a good regenerative capacity similar to many freshwater planarians.
{"title":"Regeneration in a Neotropical land planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)","authors":"Piter Kehoma Boll, Ilana Rossi, Silvana Vargas do Amaral, Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet","doi":"10.3897/neotropical.18.e103357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.18.e103357","url":null,"abstract":"Planarians are known for their ability to regenerate missing body parts. However, little is known about the regeneration ability of land planarians, especially regarding Neotropical species. Herein, we investigated the regeneration in the Neotropical land planarian Luteostriata abundans . Specimens were cut in two at different points along the body and monitored for 50 days. Larger and anterior pieces survived more than smaller posterior pieces. Anterior pieces that retained the pharynx continued to feed normally as intact animals, while posterior pieces that retained the pharynx lost its function temporarily. The growth rate was similar amongst all pieces across 50 days. Anterior mouthless pieces regenerated the pharynx and mouth significantly faster than posterior mouthless pieces. After 50 days, the relative position of the mouth along the body reached values close to intact animals in all regenerating pieces. In general, anterior pieces showed higher survival and regenerated faster than posterior fragments, which agrees with observations with other planarian species. However, surviving posterior pieces were able to retain the proportions of intact animals as well. Our results suggest that L. abundans has a good regenerative capacity similar to many freshwater planarians.","PeriodicalId":38462,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biology and Conservation","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meryem Gül Teksin, Ersin Hatice Karslıoğlu, Yasemin Arıkoğlu, Ali Çayköylü
Background: Community Mental Health Centers have been established in Turkey for patients with chronic psychiatric disorders actively engaged in treatment. The Treatment Collaboration Portal is a web-based voice response platform offered to Community Mental Health Centres to support the treatment compliance processes of patients. The Treatment Collaboration Portal automatically reminds patients or their families of injection treatments and psychiatry appointments at regular intervals. The purpose of this study is to determine the satisfaction of patients or their relatives enrolled in the Treatment Collaboration Portal and the reasons why.
Methods: A semi-structured 1-item 6-point satisfaction questionnaire, which we prepared for the Treatment Collaboration Portal reminder calls, was administered to the volunteer participants who registered to the Treatment Collaboration Portal and Community Mental Health Centre. Satisfaction levels were determined first with the questionnaire, and then the reasons for satisfaction were investigated for each patient and their relatives.
Results: The questionnaire was given to 132 participants. About 121 participants were satisfied and 11 of them were dissatisfied. When the reasons for those who were satisfied with the application reminders were examined, it was seen that the most frequent one was "prevention of forgetfulness" (53.7%). A significant difference was found between the Treatment Collaboration Portal registration reasons and satisfaction status. Also, there was a difference between the people who patients live with and the "satisfied" and "unsatisfied" groups (P = .023).
Conclusion: All the reasons given by the group satisfied with Treatment Collaboration Portal use contribute to patients remaining in remission. Therefore, in clinical practice, it is very important to recognize these reasons.
{"title":"Satisfaction of Patients and Their Relatives Who Are Reminded of Their Appointments and Treatments with \"<i>Treatment Collaboration Portal</i>\".","authors":"Meryem Gül Teksin, Ersin Hatice Karslıoğlu, Yasemin Arıkoğlu, Ali Çayköylü","doi":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22578","DOIUrl":"10.5152/pcp.2023.22578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community Mental Health Centers have been established in Turkey for patients with chronic psychiatric disorders actively engaged in treatment. The Treatment Collaboration Portal is a web-based voice response platform offered to Community Mental Health Centres to support the treatment compliance processes of patients. The Treatment Collaboration Portal automatically reminds patients or their families of injection treatments and psychiatry appointments at regular intervals. The purpose of this study is to determine the satisfaction of patients or their relatives enrolled in the Treatment Collaboration Portal and the reasons why.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A semi-structured 1-item 6-point satisfaction questionnaire, which we prepared for the Treatment Collaboration Portal reminder calls, was administered to the volunteer participants who registered to the Treatment Collaboration Portal and Community Mental Health Centre. Satisfaction levels were determined first with the questionnaire, and then the reasons for satisfaction were investigated for each patient and their relatives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The questionnaire was given to 132 participants. About 121 participants were satisfied and 11 of them were dissatisfied. When the reasons for those who were satisfied with the application reminders were examined, it was seen that the most frequent one was \"prevention of forgetfulness\" (53.7%). A significant difference was found between the Treatment Collaboration Portal registration reasons and satisfaction status. Also, there was a difference between the people who patients live with and the \"satisfied\" and \"unsatisfied\" groups (<i>P</i> = .023).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All the reasons given by the group satisfied with Treatment Collaboration Portal use contribute to patients remaining in remission. Therefore, in clinical practice, it is very important to recognize these reasons.</p>","PeriodicalId":38462,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biology and Conservation","volume":"14 1","pages":"163-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75023805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.18.e102809
Eleanor R. Terner
Roads severely affect the health of ecosystems across the globe by fragmenting and diminishing habitats, reducing population connectivity, and increasing animal mortality. Wildlife underpasses allow for increased road permeability–the ability for animals to safely cross the road. Despite growing success in other regions, little is known about underpass usage in Central America. In this study, I monitored two dry circular culverts and two unfenced tunnels with barbed wire partially blocking their entrances on Route 606 in Guacimal, Costa Rica, from 14 November to 6 December 2021 using 15 camera traps to assess which species used them to cross. Twelve species used the culverts and tunnels for a total of 108 individual crossings. The tunnels were used, in descending order, by agouti (Dasyprocta punctata), common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), dog (Canis familiaris), nine-banded armadillo (Dasyous novemcinctus), cat (Felis catus), Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), squirrel (Sciurus variegatoides), northern tamandua (Tamandua mexicana), and coati (Nasua narica). The circular tunnel, Tunnel 1, was used more frequently and by a greater diversity of species than observed in the square tunnel, Tunnel 2. The two smaller culverts were used by common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), cat (Felis catus), rat opossum (Micoureus alstoni), and Watson’s climbing rat (Tylomus watsoni). Culvert 2 was used more frequently; however, Culvert 1 was used by a greater diversity of species. This study highlights wildlife underpasses as a critical strategy for biological conservation in Costa Rica through improved road safety and habitat connectivity.
{"title":"Mammal use of underpasses to cross Route 606 in Guacimal, Costa Rica","authors":"Eleanor R. Terner","doi":"10.3897/neotropical.18.e102809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.18.e102809","url":null,"abstract":"Roads severely affect the health of ecosystems across the globe by fragmenting and diminishing habitats, reducing population connectivity, and increasing animal mortality. Wildlife underpasses allow for increased road permeability–the ability for animals to safely cross the road. Despite growing success in other regions, little is known about underpass usage in Central America. In this study, I monitored two dry circular culverts and two unfenced tunnels with barbed wire partially blocking their entrances on Route 606 in Guacimal, Costa Rica, from 14 November to 6 December 2021 using 15 camera traps to assess which species used them to cross. Twelve species used the culverts and tunnels for a total of 108 individual crossings. The tunnels were used, in descending order, by agouti (Dasyprocta punctata), common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), dog (Canis familiaris), nine-banded armadillo (Dasyous novemcinctus), cat (Felis catus), Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), squirrel (Sciurus variegatoides), northern tamandua (Tamandua mexicana), and coati (Nasua narica). The circular tunnel, Tunnel 1, was used more frequently and by a greater diversity of species than observed in the square tunnel, Tunnel 2. The two smaller culverts were used by common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), cat (Felis catus), rat opossum (Micoureus alstoni), and Watson’s climbing rat (Tylomus watsoni). Culvert 2 was used more frequently; however, Culvert 1 was used by a greater diversity of species. This study highlights wildlife underpasses as a critical strategy for biological conservation in Costa Rica through improved road safety and habitat connectivity.","PeriodicalId":38462,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46681989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.18.e108887
C. Pereira, M. Mello, D. Negreiros, J. Figueiredo, Walisson Kenedy-Siqueira, Lara Ribeiro Maia, Stephannie Fernandes, Gabriela França Carneiro Fernandes, Amanda Ponce de Leon, L. Ashworth, Y. Oki, G. C. de Castro, R. Aguilar, P. Fearnside, G. Fernandes
Our motivation for writing this editorial is to alert the academic community about the risks of predatory publishing in Biology. By piggy-backing on the open access (OA) movement and taking advantage of the “publish or perish” culture in a system that prioritises quantity over quality, predatory publishing has grown exponentially in recent years and spread across all areas of knowledge. Thousands of predatory journals and books have emerged and (provided a fee is paid) they publish scientific papers and chapters without submitting them to rigorous peer review. Now there are even predatory meetings, which promise to accept talks and publish complete works for a fee, also without reviewing them properly. These profit-making machines can damage both academia and society, putting at risk the quality of science and public trust in it, the well-being of the population, the conservation of biodiversity and the mitigation of climate change. We show the modus operandi behind invitations to contribute to predatory journals, books and meetings and suggest ways to separate the wheat from the chaff. Finally, we discuss the need to create regulatory agencies that perform a careful and systematic evaluation of the activities carried out by publishers.
{"title":"Beware of scientific scams! Hints to avoid predatory publishing in biological journals","authors":"C. Pereira, M. Mello, D. Negreiros, J. Figueiredo, Walisson Kenedy-Siqueira, Lara Ribeiro Maia, Stephannie Fernandes, Gabriela França Carneiro Fernandes, Amanda Ponce de Leon, L. Ashworth, Y. Oki, G. C. de Castro, R. Aguilar, P. Fearnside, G. Fernandes","doi":"10.3897/neotropical.18.e108887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.18.e108887","url":null,"abstract":"Our motivation for writing this editorial is to alert the academic community about the risks of predatory publishing in Biology. By piggy-backing on the open access (OA) movement and taking advantage of the “publish or perish” culture in a system that prioritises quantity over quality, predatory publishing has grown exponentially in recent years and spread across all areas of knowledge. Thousands of predatory journals and books have emerged and (provided a fee is paid) they publish scientific papers and chapters without submitting them to rigorous peer review. Now there are even predatory meetings, which promise to accept talks and publish complete works for a fee, also without reviewing them properly. These profit-making machines can damage both academia and society, putting at risk the quality of science and public trust in it, the well-being of the population, the conservation of biodiversity and the mitigation of climate change. We show the modus operandi behind invitations to contribute to predatory journals, books and meetings and suggest ways to separate the wheat from the chaff. Finally, we discuss the need to create regulatory agencies that perform a careful and systematic evaluation of the activities carried out by publishers.","PeriodicalId":38462,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biology and Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41427263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.18.e101409
Hilton Entringer Jr, A. C. Srbek‐Araujo
The land crab Johngarthia lagostoma is endemic to Trindade Island, Atol das Rocas, Fernando de Noronha and Ascension Islands. The natural history of the species in non-breeding periods is little known. Therefore, here we reported the formation of non-breeding groups and evaluated the chromatic populational pattern of J. lagostoma in Trindade Island. Records were obtained between April and June 2015. The groups were characterized according to their location, terrain elevation, environmental characteristics and specimens’ behavior. The chromatic pattern was defined by the classification of individuals between yellow and purple, and the proportion of each color was compared between populational units (previously defined based on genetic differences). Non-breeding groups were recorded in four locations in Trindade Island, at altitudes < 40 m, and all of them were in locations with food resources and sediment suitable for the construction of shelters. Isolated individuals or the absence of the species were observed in the most inhospitable places, indicating that the maintenance of the species depends on portions of suitable habitat amid the currently arid matrix. Yellow individuals (96.4%) were predominant on Trindade Island and the chromatic pattern differed from the other populations. Color patterns seem to follow genetic differences between populations, and the founder effect may account for current patterns. From the data obtained, we emphasize that the maintenance of the species may depend on food, sediment suitable for shelters construction, humidity and shade. Due to the significant population decline in other regions, the need to define guidelines for the conservation of the species on Trindade Island is highlighted. In this context, the regeneration of insular vegetation and prohibiting the known anthropic consumption of individuals may represent important strategies for the maintenance of the species.
陆蟹Johngarthia lagostoma是Trindade岛、Atol das Rocas、Fernando de Noronha和阿森松岛的特有物种。该物种在非繁殖期的自然历史鲜为人知。因此，我们在这里报道了非繁殖群的形成，并评估了Trindade岛拉氏J.lagostoma的彩色种群模式。记录是在2015年4月至6月期间获得的。根据它们的位置、地形高程、环境特征和标本的行为对这些群体进行了表征。颜色模式是通过对黄色和紫色之间的个体进行分类来定义的，并且在种群单位之间比较每种颜色的比例（以前是根据遗传差异定义的）。在Trindade岛海拔<40米的四个地点记录到了非繁殖群，所有这些地点都有适合建造避难所的食物资源和沉积物。在最不适宜居住的地方观察到了孤立的个体或没有该物种，这表明该物种的维持取决于目前干旱基质中合适栖息地的部分。Trindade岛以黄色个体为主（96.4%），其色型与其他种群不同。颜色模式似乎遵循了种群之间的遗传差异，创始人效应可能解释了当前的模式。根据获得的数据，我们强调，该物种的维持可能取决于食物、适合建造避难所的沉积物、湿度和阴凉。由于其他地区的种群数量显著下降，因此有必要制定Trindade岛物种保护指南。在这种情况下，岛上植被的再生和禁止已知的人类消费可能是维护该物种的重要策略。
{"title":"Habitat use, non-breeding groupings and chromatic pattern in Johngarthia lagostoma (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) (Decapoda, Gecarcinidae) in Trindade Island, South Atlantic Ocean","authors":"Hilton Entringer Jr, A. C. Srbek‐Araujo","doi":"10.3897/neotropical.18.e101409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.18.e101409","url":null,"abstract":"The land crab Johngarthia lagostoma is endemic to Trindade Island, Atol das Rocas, Fernando de Noronha and Ascension Islands. The natural history of the species in non-breeding periods is little known. Therefore, here we reported the formation of non-breeding groups and evaluated the chromatic populational pattern of J. lagostoma in Trindade Island. Records were obtained between April and June 2015. The groups were characterized according to their location, terrain elevation, environmental characteristics and specimens’ behavior. The chromatic pattern was defined by the classification of individuals between yellow and purple, and the proportion of each color was compared between populational units (previously defined based on genetic differences). Non-breeding groups were recorded in four locations in Trindade Island, at altitudes < 40 m, and all of them were in locations with food resources and sediment suitable for the construction of shelters. Isolated individuals or the absence of the species were observed in the most inhospitable places, indicating that the maintenance of the species depends on portions of suitable habitat amid the currently arid matrix. Yellow individuals (96.4%) were predominant on Trindade Island and the chromatic pattern differed from the other populations. Color patterns seem to follow genetic differences between populations, and the founder effect may account for current patterns. From the data obtained, we emphasize that the maintenance of the species may depend on food, sediment suitable for shelters construction, humidity and shade. Due to the significant population decline in other regions, the need to define guidelines for the conservation of the species on Trindade Island is highlighted. In this context, the regeneration of insular vegetation and prohibiting the known anthropic consumption of individuals may represent important strategies for the maintenance of the species.","PeriodicalId":38462,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41661287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.18.e97653
A. Phillips, T. Lambert, G. Adler
Small mammals, particularly rodents, are often important seed-dispersal agents in Neotropical forests. Directional seed dispersal into tree-fall gaps may enhance seedling survival of light-demanding species and thus influence forest regeneration. To examine this proposition, we tracked seeds of a light-demanding palm (Attalea butyracea), with a focus on spiny rats (Proechimys semispinosus), the most-likely seed-removal agents. We established seed-removal stations at three distances relative to 28 gaps (gap center, gap edge, and intact forest 10 m from a gap edge) in a lowland forest in Central Panama. We placed five fresh fruits (with their seed) in semi-permeable exclosures to exclude larger mammals at each station and tracked the directions in which seeds were moved and deposited intact. More seeds were moved toward or into gaps when removed from gap center or edge stations; however, seeds dispersed from intact forest stations showed no such directionality. Small mammals may have dispersed seeds into and within tree-fall gaps because they favored caching seeds in areas that offered increased cover, which is typical of gaps, and consequently protection from predation. The lack of directional dispersal from intact forest stations may have been because spiny rats were able to find sufficient cover in the young intact forest that was closer than the gaps. In older forest, the contrast between intact forest and gaps may be greater, resulting in directed dispersal into gaps.
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Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.18.e86548
Paulo Henrique Rosa Martins, L. Rabinovitch, Juliana Capela de Orem, Waldeyr M. C. Silva, Felipe de Araujo Mesquita, Maria Inês André de Magalhães, Danilo de Andrade Cavalcante, A. M. Vivoni, Edmar Justo de Oliveira, Vera Cristina Pessoa de Lima, J. Brito, M. T. De-Souza
The aerobic endospore-forming bacteria (AEFB) comprise species of Bacillus and related genera and have long been regarded as prominent constituents of the soil bacterial community. The wide diversity of AEFB renders appropriate categorisation and generalisations a challenging task. We previously isolated 312 AEFB strains from Brazilian soils that we designated SDF (Solo do Distrito Federal) strains. To better understand the SDF diversity and explore their biotechnological potential, we addressed the biochemical and physiological profiles of these 312 environmental strains by performing 30 tests in this work. Of these, the 16S rRNA gene sequences segregated 238 SDF strains into four genera in the family Bacillaceae and two in the Paenibacillaceae. Bacillus spp. were the most prevalent, followed by species of Paenibacillus. We summarised the phenotypic test relationships among selected SDF strains using a Pearson correlation-based clustering represented in heatmaps. In practice, biochemical and physiological profiles are often less discriminatory than molecular data and may be unstable because of the loss of traits. Although these test reactions are not universally positive or negative within species, they may define biotypes and be efficient strain markers, enhancing the accuracy of unknown sample identification. It can also help select the most representative phenotypes of samples. Along with the other phenotypic and genotypic data, the present results are of great importance for the robust classification of the SDF strains within the scope of the polyphasic approach.
好氧内孔形成菌（AEFB）由芽孢杆菌属和相关属组成，长期以来一直被认为是土壤细菌群落的重要组成部分。AEFB的广泛多样性使得适当的分类和概括成为一项具有挑战性的任务。我们之前从巴西土壤中分离出312株AEFB菌株，我们将其命名为SDF（Solo do Distrito Federal）菌株。为了更好地了解SDF的多样性并探索其生物技术潜力，我们在这项工作中进行了30项测试，研究了这312种环境菌株的生化和生理特征。其中，16S rRNA基因序列将238个SDF菌株分离为芽孢杆菌科的4个属和Paenibacillaceae的2个属。芽孢杆菌属最为普遍，其次是Paenibacillus属。我们使用热图中表示的基于Pearson相关性的聚类总结了选定SDF菌株之间的表型测试关系。在实践中，生物化学和生理图谱通常比分子数据更不具有歧视性，并且可能由于性状的丧失而不稳定。尽管这些测试反应在物种内并非普遍呈阳性或阴性，但它们可能定义生物型，并成为有效的菌株标记，从而提高未知样本鉴定的准确性。它还可以帮助选择样本中最具代表性的表型。与其他表型和基因型数据一起，本结果对于在多相方法范围内对SDF菌株进行稳健分类具有重要意义。
{"title":"Biochemical, physiological, and molecular characterisation of a large collection of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria isolated from Brazilian soils","authors":"Paulo Henrique Rosa Martins, L. Rabinovitch, Juliana Capela de Orem, Waldeyr M. C. Silva, Felipe de Araujo Mesquita, Maria Inês André de Magalhães, Danilo de Andrade Cavalcante, A. M. Vivoni, Edmar Justo de Oliveira, Vera Cristina Pessoa de Lima, J. Brito, M. T. De-Souza","doi":"10.3897/neotropical.18.e86548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.18.e86548","url":null,"abstract":"The aerobic endospore-forming bacteria (AEFB) comprise species of Bacillus and related genera and have long been regarded as prominent constituents of the soil bacterial community. The wide diversity of AEFB renders appropriate categorisation and generalisations a challenging task. We previously isolated 312 AEFB strains from Brazilian soils that we designated SDF (Solo do Distrito Federal) strains. To better understand the SDF diversity and explore their biotechnological potential, we addressed the biochemical and physiological profiles of these 312 environmental strains by performing 30 tests in this work. Of these, the 16S rRNA gene sequences segregated 238 SDF strains into four genera in the family Bacillaceae and two in the Paenibacillaceae. Bacillus spp. were the most prevalent, followed by species of Paenibacillus. We summarised the phenotypic test relationships among selected SDF strains using a Pearson correlation-based clustering represented in heatmaps. In practice, biochemical and physiological profiles are often less discriminatory than molecular data and may be unstable because of the loss of traits. Although these test reactions are not universally positive or negative within species, they may define biotypes and be efficient strain markers, enhancing the accuracy of unknown sample identification. It can also help select the most representative phenotypes of samples. Along with the other phenotypic and genotypic data, the present results are of great importance for the robust classification of the SDF strains within the scope of the polyphasic approach.","PeriodicalId":38462,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49177056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.18.e98437
Víctor H. Montalvo, Carolina Sáenz‐Bolaños, E. Carrillo, T. Fuller
Jaguars (Panthera onca) are a landscape species of conservation importance and our understanding of environmental and anthropogenic drivers of jaguar occurrence is necessary to improve conservation strategies. We reviewed available literature to simply describe environmental and anthropogenic variables used and found to be significant in occurrence modeling. We reviewed 95 documents published from 1980 to 2021 that focused on jaguar occurrence and that used 39 variable types (21 anthropogenic, 18 environmental) among different techniques, scales, and approaches. In general, these variables included both anthropogenic (roads, land use, human activities, and population) and environmental (climate, vegetation, ecological interactions, topographic, water, and others) factors. Twelve variables were identified as affecting jaguar occurrence overall, eleven at local scale and seven at broad scales (regional and continental). Focusing more specifically on the variables that correlate with occurrence should help researchers to make better predictions in areas without quantitative jaguar data.
{"title":"A review of environmental and anthropogenic variables used to model jaguar occurrence","authors":"Víctor H. Montalvo, Carolina Sáenz‐Bolaños, E. Carrillo, T. Fuller","doi":"10.3897/neotropical.18.e98437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.18.e98437","url":null,"abstract":"Jaguars (Panthera onca) are a landscape species of conservation importance and our understanding of environmental and anthropogenic drivers of jaguar occurrence is necessary to improve conservation strategies. We reviewed available literature to simply describe environmental and anthropogenic variables used and found to be significant in occurrence modeling. We reviewed 95 documents published from 1980 to 2021 that focused on jaguar occurrence and that used 39 variable types (21 anthropogenic, 18 environmental) among different techniques, scales, and approaches. In general, these variables included both anthropogenic (roads, land use, human activities, and population) and environmental (climate, vegetation, ecological interactions, topographic, water, and others) factors. Twelve variables were identified as affecting jaguar occurrence overall, eleven at local scale and seven at broad scales (regional and continental). Focusing more specifically on the variables that correlate with occurrence should help researchers to make better predictions in areas without quantitative jaguar data.","PeriodicalId":38462,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Biology and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45565896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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