Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.24113/ijohmn.v9i4.271
This work aims to provide theoretical grounds to establish a relationship between emotional prosody and affective pragmatics. Affective pragmatics is a significant yet least studied area of research. This theoretical framework focuses how emotional expressions are constructive in channelizing the pragmatic meaning under the umbrella of affective pragmatics and also encompasses the speech engineering that conveys unabridged abstract emotions in the phenomenal process of emotion recognition. Since speech act theory focuses meaning at utterance level and not at emotional level, thus, there is a need to reflect on emotional expressions that function as paralinguistic features. There are several studies carried out on identification of emotions using prosodic modeling; however, there is no meticulous study that shows relationship between emotions and their pragmatic meanings. The current study will be an application of Theory of Affective Pragmatics (TAP) proposed by Andrea Scarantino in 2017, a theory analogous to speech act theory. The objectives of the study can be achieved through analysis of quantitative data procured taking advantage of the emotional recordings from Emotional Prosody Speech and Transcripts (EPST), a worldwide database used in emotion recognition processes, along with employment of appropriate prosodic features using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM), a popular emotion recognition statistical model. The outcomes of this study will contribute to benefit new researchers in the field of linguistics to understand affective pragmatics at a profound level as a novel area of research.
本研究旨在为建立情感韵律与情感语用学之间的关系提供理论依据。情感语用学是一个重要但研究较少的领域。该理论框架关注情感表达在情感语用学的框架下如何建设性地引导语用意义，并包括在情感识别的现象过程中传达未删节的抽象情感的语音工程。由于言语行为理论关注的是话语层面的意义，而不是情感层面的意义，因此有必要对作为副语言特征的情感表达进行反思。有几项研究利用韵律模型来识别情绪;然而，对于情感与其语用意义之间的关系，并没有细致的研究。本研究将运用Andrea Scarantino于2017年提出的情感语用学理论(Theory of Affective语用学，TAP)，这是一个类似于言语行为理论的理论。该研究的目标可以通过分析从情感韵律语音和转录(EPST)中获得的定量数据来实现，EPST是一个用于情感识别过程的全球数据库，同时使用隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)(一种流行的情感识别统计模型)使用适当的韵律特征。本研究的结果将有助于语言学领域的新研究者在更深层次上理解情感语用学这一新兴的研究领域。
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Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.24113/ijohmn.v9i3.268
Dr. Naeema Abdelgawad
The distinguished feature of the third millennium is augmenting and endorsing the use of digitalised tools until they have controlled our everyday style-of-living and, in some way or another, turned it into a digital one. Literally, smart gadgets have bugged humanity; they have become indispensable. Furthermore, it is commonly believed that life is impossible without them. Smart phones that have facilitated human access into the cyberspace have also paved the way to willing absorption into virtual realms to the extent that they have become the gateway to effective interaction with life and with peer human beings. By all means, technology is similar to an over-sweeping tide; technological advancements are numberless and immensely growing to the extent that it looks as if there would be a special technological innovation for each living soul. If few years ago educators were discussing the problems of integrating technology into classrooms and the issues of training educators to adapt to the new trends, the current problem would be how to make benefit of the available AI technologies instead of denouncing them as means of ruining the education process. The greatest challenge that educators will shortly encounter is ChatGPT and Google Bard because they would ruin the zeal for proper understanding and any exerted effort for researching. As for the Cyberlife Androids, they are the principal future competitors for educators. Remarkably, if it is alleged that the task of the Cyberlife Androids with students will never be easy, it should be considered that they are designed to win. Yet, the greatest obstacle is Elon Musk’s Neuralink brain microchip and the Chinese Brain Talker implants. Brain microchip technology is expected to be an ipso facto by the few upcoming years; it would be as vital as smart phones. Education in a post-human era is a challenging mission. Accordingly, the task of educators will never be easy. They should be well-prepared for their mission or they would be replaced by digital versions sooner than expected. Thus, the article sheds light upon the post-human era with its technological advancements that have a profound impact upon humanity. It also attempts to propose a preemptive approach to deal with these inevitable technological leaps that might convert humans into cyborgs lacking proper cognitive knowledge, knowing that technological advancements are turning into an insurmountable dilemma that require special measures. The article also endeavours to envisage a friendly techno-human relationship that would better control the fall into a post-human space.
{"title":"Hegemonising Post-Humanism and the Future of Education","authors":"Dr. Naeema Abdelgawad","doi":"10.24113/ijohmn.v9i3.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v9i3.268","url":null,"abstract":"The distinguished feature of the third millennium is augmenting and endorsing the use of digitalised tools until they have controlled our everyday style-of-living and, in some way or another, turned it into a digital one. Literally, smart gadgets have bugged humanity; they have become indispensable. Furthermore, it is commonly believed that life is impossible without them. Smart phones that have facilitated human access into the cyberspace have also paved the way to willing absorption into virtual realms to the extent that they have become the gateway to effective interaction with life and with peer human beings. By all means, technology is similar to an over-sweeping tide; technological advancements are numberless and immensely growing to the extent that it looks as if there would be a special technological innovation for each living soul.\u0000\u0000If few years ago educators were discussing the problems of integrating technology into classrooms and the issues of training educators to adapt to the new trends, the current problem would be how to make benefit of the available AI technologies instead of denouncing them as means of ruining the education process. The greatest challenge that educators will shortly encounter is ChatGPT and Google Bard because they would ruin the zeal for proper understanding and any exerted effort for researching. As for the Cyberlife Androids, they are the principal future competitors for educators. Remarkably, if it is alleged that the task of the Cyberlife Androids with students will never be easy, it should be considered that they are designed to win. Yet, the greatest obstacle is Elon Musk’s Neuralink brain microchip and the Chinese Brain Talker implants. Brain microchip technology is expected to be an ipso facto by the few upcoming years; it would be as vital as smart phones.\u0000\u0000Education in a post-human era is a challenging mission. Accordingly, the task of educators will never be easy. They should be well-prepared for their mission or they would be replaced by digital versions sooner than expected. Thus, the article sheds light upon the post-human era with its technological advancements that have a profound impact upon humanity. It also attempts to propose a preemptive approach to deal with these inevitable technological leaps that might convert humans into cyborgs lacking proper cognitive knowledge, knowing that technological advancements are turning into an insurmountable dilemma that require special measures. The article also endeavours to envisage a friendly techno-human relationship that would better control the fall into a post-human space.","PeriodicalId":384851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal online of Humanities","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124007518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.24113/ijohmn.v9i2.266
Masha'il Al-Juaid
This paper is a detailed analysis of Black Elk’s great vision in Black Elk Speaks written and documented by John G. Neihardt. It detects Black Elk’s possible intentions behind disclosing his full vision to Neihardt for the first time. This paper tracks the sequence of events and developments changing accordingly with the vision’s progression. It discerns Black Elk’s altering perspective on the vision from resisting it to utilizing it to enlighten people. In addition, this paper lists the burdens that come with the vision and shows how they effected Black Elk mentally and physically. Furthermore, it demonstrates how the vision reflects many of the Native American cultural aspects such as associating each one of the four main directions with a specific colour. It also detects the vision’s elements similarity to ones from other foreign cultures which resulted in questioning the vision’s authenticity such as the Mandala and wheeled carts. Finally, the paper examines doubting critiques and interpretations made by critics and thinkers on the truth behind the vision.
本文详细分析了John G. Neihardt撰写并记录的《Black Elk Speaks》中Black Elk的伟大愿景。它发现了黑麋鹿第一次向内哈特透露他的全部视力背后可能的意图。本文跟踪事件和发展的顺序，随着愿景的进展而相应变化。它辨别了黑麋鹿对视觉的转变，从抵制到利用它来启发人们。此外，本文还列出了伴随愿景而来的负担，并说明了它们如何影响黑麋鹿的精神和身体。此外，它还展示了视觉如何反映了许多美洲原住民的文化方面，例如将四个主要方向中的每一个方向与特定的颜色联系起来。它还检测到视觉元素与其他外国文化的相似之处，这导致了对视觉真实性的质疑，比如曼陀罗和轮式手推车。最后，本文考察了批评家和思想家对愿景背后真相的质疑性批评和解释。
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Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.24113/ijohmn.v8i6.264
Aju Mukhopadhyay
A study of Mangrove is one of the wondrous experiences of man. Mangroves are one of the unique systems of vegetation in Nature; they live in symbiotic relationship with all creatures in and around its zone. It has not only its bounty but it protects humans and other creatures including the environment from external violence from Nature and other where. It is one of the most familiar forms of vegetation occurring in the intertidal zones along coasts and river banks in the coastal areas in tropical and subtropical countries of the world. Mangrove forests are highly productive ecosystems and are a natural, renewable resource. They provide essential goods and services and play a very important role in the lives of men; coastal communities and others living in their surroundings. Indonesia has the largest total area of mangrove forest while the Sundarbans swamp region in Bangladesh and India is the largest single chunk of mangrove forest in the world. Sundarbans is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Conservation and development of such natural systems benefit man and his environment. It is man’s duty to preserve, protect and develop such a great creation of Nature.
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Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.24113/ijohmn.v8i5.265
Aju Mukhopadhyay
Mother Kali, the Adishakti or Mahashakti, is being worshipped from ancient time. She has her presence in large number of countries worldwide. The principal deity of the Tantric cult, she has many outstanding devotees in modern time like Sadhak Ramprasad, Sri Rmakrishna and Sri Aurobindo. She was adored by Swami Vivekananda, Sister Nivedita (Margaret Elizabeth Noble), William Blake, Robert Burns and Walt Whitman. A fierce deity who destroys all the redundant and waste beings and matters for cleansing the society paving the way for newcreation, is adored by the strong and the great. Not only that she is worshipped in India and some other countries worldwide, she has been much abused and criticised too. The words like Kali and Tantra have been misunderstood and misused like the word Yoga. She has been on the focal point in a modern poem and a film. The poem and the film have been critically assessed and their places fixed. A justification of her inevitable existence and acts has been made in view of the fact that she is the power aspect of the divinity; a Mother who intensely loves her children who are the real devotees and clears their way to progress.
母亲卡莉，阿迪沙克提或马哈沙克提，自古以来就受到崇拜。她在世界上许多国家都有她的存在。作为密宗崇拜的主要神，她在现代有许多杰出的信徒，如Sadhak Ramprasad, Sri Rmakrishna和Sri Aurobindo。她被斯瓦米·维韦卡南达、妮维达修女(玛格丽特·伊丽莎白·诺布尔)、威廉·布莱克、罗伯特·伯恩斯和沃尔特·惠特曼所崇拜。一个凶猛的神，他摧毁所有多余和浪费的生物和物质，清洁社会，为新的创造铺平道路，是强者和伟人崇拜的对象。她不仅在印度和世界上其他一些国家受到崇拜，也受到了很多虐待和批评。像卡利和密宗这样的词一直被误解和误用，就像瑜伽这个词一样。她一直是一首现代诗歌和一部电影的焦点人物。这首诗和这部电影都得到了严格的评价，并确定了它们的地位。她的不可避免的存在和行为的理由是，鉴于她是神的力量方面;一个母亲强烈地爱她的孩子，他们是真正的奉献者，并为他们的进步扫清道路。
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Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.24113/ijohmn.v8i4.251
Ahmed Tahsin Shams
In postmodern cinematic arts, specifically commercially successful ones, the presence of the director on screen through the camera's position could be perceived as a limitation against the notion of heteroglossia, even if the script requires an objective narrative technique. When the script suggests only characters’ Point of View shots (PoV) or multi-vocal narratives, camera position from the director’s or audience’s eye level is a common filming practice. Therefore, a grand narrative or subjective point of view predominates the representation of voices, whether intending to centralize or decentralize camera storytelling. This paper is not arguing about treating all voices—whether human or nonhuman—equally in a particular scene; instead, this paper critically points out filmmakers’ eco-conscious contribution to cinematic arts. Through an inductive qualitative approach, this paper criticizes this humanized ecological portrayal where ironically, ecocide is celebrated in mainstream cinema. So, this study prescribes the incorporation of ecologized humanity by reconsidering camera positions. As social justice pedagogy highlights inclusivity, like literary studies, in filmmaking techniques, ecology should not be a victim or margin the way it was with class, gender, and race. Undeniably, the environment has been filmed mainly as a background or collateral damage. This paper also shares insights into such paradoxes where human protagonists are seen on a ‘heroic’ voyage to save the world performing ecological catastrophic actions.
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Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.24113/ijohmn.v8i3.247
Alaeddine Khelifa
The present study tests language production of 15 Hungarian students, 16 of age, enrolled in the EFOP-3.2.14-17-2017-00003 project, aimed at promoting English in the Trans-Danubian regions, during 12 weeks following the B1+ framework beforehand prepared by the pedgogical office at the University of Pannonia. 58 essays, from various themes, have been analyzed following a similar approach to Van Heuven et al. 2017, in their study on Gender effects and writing styles. Using AntConc concordance software (Anthony, 2012, 2013) and tagging with CLAWS5, a word list was generated with over 6229 lines equally distributed between males and females. Reading-factor and gender-based grouping were systematically used as predictor models to visualize production complexity on the morpho-syntactic and semantic levels. Parameters such as sentence length, mean word length, content and finite verbs, punctuations, complexity and TT were essential for this comparison. Better writers use longer words, use more different words (so show a higher type/token ratio and/or higher Lexical Diversity (D), and most important of all, use more complex sentences (more finite verbs relative to their total number of words). According to the ANOVA, the Gender effect (p= .750) is larger than the Reading effect (p= .485) based on the partial Eta squared pη2. Extracurricular reading yields better writing but only for the girls – it does not work for the boys.
{"title":"Reading and Gender Effect on Writing Style: Case of Hungarian Learners of English","authors":"Alaeddine Khelifa","doi":"10.24113/ijohmn.v8i3.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v8i3.247","url":null,"abstract":"The present study tests language production of 15 Hungarian students, 16 of age, enrolled in the EFOP-3.2.14-17-2017-00003 project, aimed at promoting English in the Trans-Danubian regions, during 12 weeks following the B1+ framework beforehand prepared by the pedgogical office at the University of Pannonia. 58 essays, from various themes, have been analyzed following a similar approach to Van Heuven et al. 2017, in their study on Gender effects and writing styles. Using AntConc concordance software (Anthony, 2012, 2013) and tagging with CLAWS5, a word list was generated with over 6229 lines equally distributed between males and females. Reading-factor and gender-based grouping were systematically used as predictor models to visualize production complexity on the morpho-syntactic and semantic levels. Parameters such as sentence length, mean word length, content and finite verbs, punctuations, complexity and TT were essential for this comparison. Better writers use longer words, use more different words (so show a higher type/token ratio and/or higher Lexical Diversity (D), and most important of all, use more complex sentences (more finite verbs relative to their total number of words). According to the ANOVA, the Gender effect (p= .750) is larger than the Reading effect (p= .485) based on the partial Eta squared pη2. Extracurricular reading yields better writing but only for the girls – it does not work for the boys.","PeriodicalId":384851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal online of Humanities","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116172253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-28DOI: 10.24113/ijohmn.v7i4.235
Dr. Naeema Abdelgawad
Nuruddin Farah’s ‘Blood in the Sun’ trilogy is a socio-political voyage into the Somali life and consciousness. It is a serious attempt to explore the changes that befell the Somali society and converted into a poor, failure and famine struck state in the present though it was a powerful and rich state in the past. The trilogy is a documentation of the history of Somalia from a philosophical standpoint; it delves into clan and ethnic traditions and, at the same time, expounds the adverse consequences of colonisation that have been invoked by the first wave of the ‘Rush to Africa’ in the nineteenth century. The article is an endeavour to underline the complex status of subalternity of the Somalis whose palimpsestic historical and political situation forced a palimpsestic identity. Farah’s ‘Blood in the Sun’ trilogy enfolds three novels; i.e. Maps (1986), Gifts (1993), and Secrets (1998) which are reflective of the current failure social and political situation which negatively influences the identity of the natives. The article hopes to be the kernel of further studies handling the complex postcolonial identity of the Somalis from a historical-political perspective.
{"title":"The Subaltern Would Speak: Palimpsestic Identities in Nuruddin Farah’s ‘Blood in the Sun’ Trilogy","authors":"Dr. Naeema Abdelgawad","doi":"10.24113/ijohmn.v7i4.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v7i4.235","url":null,"abstract":"Nuruddin Farah’s ‘Blood in the Sun’ trilogy is a socio-political voyage into the Somali life and consciousness. It is a serious attempt to explore the changes that befell the Somali society and converted into a poor, failure and famine struck state in the present though it was a powerful and rich state in the past. The trilogy is a documentation of the history of Somalia from a philosophical standpoint; it delves into clan and ethnic traditions and, at the same time, expounds the adverse consequences of colonisation that have been invoked by the first wave of the ‘Rush to Africa’ in the nineteenth century. The article is an endeavour to underline the complex status of subalternity of the Somalis whose palimpsestic historical and political situation forced a palimpsestic identity. Farah’s ‘Blood in the Sun’ trilogy enfolds three novels; i.e. Maps (1986), Gifts (1993), and Secrets (1998) which are reflective of the current failure social and political situation which negatively influences the identity of the natives. The article hopes to be the kernel of further studies handling the complex postcolonial identity of the Somalis from a historical-political perspective.","PeriodicalId":384851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal online of Humanities","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116928658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-28DOI: 10.24113/ijohmn.v7i4.236
Fadiel Mohammed Musa
This study investigates the effect of grammar teaching methods on students’ writing skill in secondary level. The study was based on action research, carried out in the academic year 2017 in one of Sudanese secondary schools. The participants were in second year. They studied English for the same number of years (6 years).The study followed two different methods of grammar teaching: 1) grammar in 'context' and 2) in 'isolation' to assess which method is more beneficial for English learners to write grammatical error-free composition. Students were divided into two groups: control and experimental groups.For the purpose of high measurement, participants in the two groups sat for apre English test on writing. The results showed that P-value of T-test (0.567) was greater than significant level (0.05) which means there was no statistical difference between experimental and control groups in the pre-test. Then the experiment was run; teaching the two groups using different methods.The control group was taught grammarin isolation method; where experimental group was taught grammar in context.Instructions lasted for two months and the two groups had the same writing test. The results indicated that P-value of T-test (0.000) was less than significant level (0.05) which means there was statistical difference between experimental and control in post-test. Finding showed that: teaching grammar ‘in context’ helps students to produce better writing than teaching grammar ‘in isolation’.
{"title":"The Effect of Grammar Teaching Methods on Students’ Writing Skill","authors":"Fadiel Mohammed Musa","doi":"10.24113/ijohmn.v7i4.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v7i4.236","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effect of grammar teaching methods on students’ writing skill in secondary level. The study was based on action research, carried out in the academic year 2017 in one of Sudanese secondary schools. The participants were in second year. They studied English for the same number of years (6 years).The study followed two different methods of grammar teaching: 1) grammar in 'context' and 2) in 'isolation' to assess which method is more beneficial for English learners to write grammatical error-free composition. Students were divided into two groups: control and experimental groups.For the purpose of high measurement, participants in the two groups sat for apre English test on writing. The results showed that P-value of T-test (0.567) was greater than significant level (0.05) which means there was no statistical difference between experimental and control groups in the pre-test. Then the experiment was run; teaching the two groups using different methods.The control group was taught grammarin isolation method; where experimental group was taught grammar in context.Instructions lasted for two months and the two groups had the same writing test. The results indicated that P-value of T-test (0.000) was less than significant level (0.05) which means there was statistical difference between experimental and control in post-test. Finding showed that: teaching grammar ‘in context’ helps students to produce better writing than teaching grammar ‘in isolation’.","PeriodicalId":384851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal online of Humanities","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114695630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.24113/IJOHMN.V7I3.228
Tariku Negese Oncho
This paper examines an outline of two main phonological elements in the Oromo language. Firstly, it indicates the permissible sequences and types of the language’s consonant clusters given the member sound’s sonority. Secondly, it enlightens the distribution of Oromo phonemes in different word positions (initial, medial, and final). In this aspect, the study is a descriptive work and attention has been given mainly to recounting the simple distribution rather than theorizing the phonotactic processes. For the study, data was collected from five native speakers of the Western dialect and was phonemically transcribed using an IPA symbol. The speech of these participants has three hours of duration with an average speech length of 36 minutes for each participant. The study also attempts to list out the number of the language’s native and loan phonemes employed in the speech of adult Oromo users comparing the data with the earlier studies. With the study, it was observed that Oromo has Sonorant-Obstruent, Obstruent-Obstruent, Obstruent- Sonorant and Sonorant – Sonorant clusters based on the status of sonorants in its phonological system. Of the two-member clusters in clustering, sonorants are the dominant first member sounds in the language.
{"title":"Phoneme Distribution and the Sonority Nature of Consonant Clusters in Afaan Oromo\u0000Authors","authors":"Tariku Negese Oncho","doi":"10.24113/IJOHMN.V7I3.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24113/IJOHMN.V7I3.228","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines an outline of two main phonological elements in the Oromo language. Firstly, it indicates the permissible sequences and types of the language’s consonant clusters given the member sound’s sonority. Secondly, it enlightens the distribution of Oromo phonemes in different word positions (initial, medial, and final). In this aspect, the study is a descriptive work and attention has been given mainly to recounting the simple distribution rather than theorizing the phonotactic processes. For the study, data was collected from five native speakers of the Western dialect and was phonemically transcribed using an IPA symbol. The speech of these participants has three hours of duration with an average speech length of 36 minutes for each participant. The study also attempts to list out the number of the language’s native and loan phonemes employed in the speech of adult Oromo users comparing the data with the earlier studies. With the study, it was observed that Oromo has Sonorant-Obstruent, Obstruent-Obstruent, Obstruent- Sonorant and Sonorant – Sonorant clusters based on the status of sonorants in its phonological system. Of the two-member clusters in clustering, sonorants are the dominant first member sounds in the language.","PeriodicalId":384851,"journal":{"name":"International Journal online of Humanities","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127490801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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