Pub Date : 2002-10-03DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167760
Qianxiang Wang, F. Chen, Hong Mei, Fuqing Yang
Most online evolution of an application depends on its runtime environment. This paper addresses how to support online evolution by an application server, which is considered as a third kind of system software, besides OS and DBMS. From the view of requirements, evolutions of software can be divided into four categories: evolutions that do not alter requirements, evolutions that alter functional requirements, evolutions that alter local constraint requirements, and evolutions that alter global constraint requirements. All changes at the requirement level should be mapped to changes at the implementation level. In our approach implementation level entities, such as components and interceptors are responsible for online evolution. Evolutions in implementation level include adding, removing, updating, and reconfiguring the entities. One of the keys to our approach is to carefully distinguish states of components and interceptors, that is, whether they are in a ready, active, executing or evolving state. A well-designed architecture and feasible mechanisms for runtime instance loading are also keys to the solution. Based on this approach, an application server prototype, named PKUAS, has been implemented and is introduced in our paper.
{"title":"An application server to support online evolution","authors":"Qianxiang Wang, F. Chen, Hong Mei, Fuqing Yang","doi":"10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167760","url":null,"abstract":"Most online evolution of an application depends on its runtime environment. This paper addresses how to support online evolution by an application server, which is considered as a third kind of system software, besides OS and DBMS. From the view of requirements, evolutions of software can be divided into four categories: evolutions that do not alter requirements, evolutions that alter functional requirements, evolutions that alter local constraint requirements, and evolutions that alter global constraint requirements. All changes at the requirement level should be mapped to changes at the implementation level. In our approach implementation level entities, such as components and interceptors are responsible for online evolution. Evolutions in implementation level include adding, removing, updating, and reconfiguring the entities. One of the keys to our approach is to carefully distinguish states of components and interceptors, that is, whether they are in a ready, active, executing or evolving state. A well-designed architecture and feasible mechanisms for runtime instance loading are also keys to the solution. Based on this approach, an application server prototype, named PKUAS, has been implemented and is introduced in our paper.","PeriodicalId":385190,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Software Maintenance, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128074386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-03DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167786
W. Harrison
Adaptive maintenance is software maintenance performed to make a computer program usable in a changed environment [IEEE 1990]. A hype of adaptive maintenance that is beginning to be encountered is the adaptation of services currently offered over the Internet for access by mobile devices, especially Internet-capable mobile phones. The delivery of "wired services" over the "wireless web" entails significant changes to the inputs and outputs of current services in order to meet the needs of mobile users. The paper describes a technique using intermediary, proxies that simplifies this conversion. The technique is illustrated by an example involving the conversion of the National Weather Service's Current Condition's page for use on mobile phones.
{"title":"Using service specific proxies to migrate web services to the \"Wireless web\": an illustrative case study of adaptive maintenance","authors":"W. Harrison","doi":"10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167786","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive maintenance is software maintenance performed to make a computer program usable in a changed environment [IEEE 1990]. A hype of adaptive maintenance that is beginning to be encountered is the adaptation of services currently offered over the Internet for access by mobile devices, especially Internet-capable mobile phones. The delivery of \"wired services\" over the \"wireless web\" entails significant changes to the inputs and outputs of current services in order to meet the needs of mobile users. The paper describes a technique using intermediary, proxies that simplifies this conversion. The technique is illustrated by an example involving the conversion of the National Weather Service's Current Condition's page for use on mobile phones.","PeriodicalId":385190,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Software Maintenance, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124667866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-03DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167803
M. Pizka
A great deal of work on software maintenance focuses on source code analysis and manipulation. Code is viewed as a static entity that is - more or less - separated from the system at runtime. Although there are certainly important open questions in this field, the separation of code and runtime imposes itself an obstacle for the evolution of continuously functioning systems. The goal of the work presented in this paper is to blur the separation between statics and dynamics of a software system on a conceptual level. To achieve this, we propose a system model that combines space, time and level of abstraction and a conceptual framework for incremental evolution of systems during execution. Based on this continuously functioning systems can be maintained in a highly flexible and conceptually sound way.
{"title":"STA - a conceptual model for system evolution","authors":"M. Pizka","doi":"10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167803","url":null,"abstract":"A great deal of work on software maintenance focuses on source code analysis and manipulation. Code is viewed as a static entity that is - more or less - separated from the system at runtime. Although there are certainly important open questions in this field, the separation of code and runtime imposes itself an obstacle for the evolution of continuously functioning systems. The goal of the work presented in this paper is to blur the separation between statics and dynamics of a software system on a conceptual level. To achieve this, we propose a system model that combines space, time and level of abstraction and a conceptual framework for incremental evolution of systems during execution. Based on this continuously functioning systems can be maintained in a highly flexible and conceptually sound way.","PeriodicalId":385190,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Software Maintenance, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128064928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-03DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167815
M. Satpathy, Nils T. Siebel, D. Rodríguez
Unregulated evolution of software often leads to software ageing which not only makes the product difficult to maintain but also breaks the consistency between design and implementation. In such a case, it may become necessary to re-engineer the software so that it becomes maintainable again. In this paper we present the case study of the reengineering of the People Tracking subsystem of a surveillance system written in C++. We discuss the problems, the challenges and the approaches taken, and we show how the re-engineered product is now better maintainable. We also discuss the generation of the relevant artefacts - from requirement document through to design document.
{"title":"Maintenance of object oriented systems through re-engineering: a case study","authors":"M. Satpathy, Nils T. Siebel, D. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167815","url":null,"abstract":"Unregulated evolution of software often leads to software ageing which not only makes the product difficult to maintain but also breaks the consistency between design and implementation. In such a case, it may become necessary to re-engineer the software so that it becomes maintainable again. In this paper we present the case study of the reengineering of the People Tracking subsystem of a surveillance system written in C++. We discuss the problems, the challenges and the approaches taken, and we show how the re-engineered product is now better maintainable. We also discuss the generation of the relevant artefacts - from requirement document through to design document.","PeriodicalId":385190,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Software Maintenance, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134498332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-03DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167745
T. Richner, Stéphane Ducasse
Modeling object-oriented applications using collaborations and roles is now well accepted. Collaboration-based or role-based designs decompose an application into tasks performed by a subset of the applications' classes. Collaborations provide a larger unit of understanding and reuse than classes, and are an important aid in the maintenance and evolution of the software. This kind of design information is lost, however, at the implementation level, making it hard to maintain and evolve an existing software application. The extraction of collaborations from code is therefore an important issue in design recovery. In this paper we propose an iterative approach which uses dynamic information to support the recovery and understanding of collaborations. We describe a tool we have developed to support our approach and demonstrate its use on a case study.
{"title":"Using dynamic information for the iterative recovery of collaborations and roles","authors":"T. Richner, Stéphane Ducasse","doi":"10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167745","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling object-oriented applications using collaborations and roles is now well accepted. Collaboration-based or role-based designs decompose an application into tasks performed by a subset of the applications' classes. Collaborations provide a larger unit of understanding and reuse than classes, and are an important aid in the maintenance and evolution of the software. This kind of design information is lost, however, at the implementation level, making it hard to maintain and evolve an existing software application. The extraction of collaborations from code is therefore an important issue in design recovery. In this paper we propose an iterative approach which uses dynamic information to support the recovery and understanding of collaborations. We describe a tool we have developed to support our approach and demonstrate its use on a case study.","PeriodicalId":385190,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Software Maintenance, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133318322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-03DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167795
S. Bouktif, H. Sahraoui, B. Kégl
During the last ten years, a large number of quality models have been proposed in the literature. In general, the goal of these models is to predict a quality factor starting from a set of direct measures. The lack of data behind these models makes it hard to generalize, cross-validate, and reuse existing models. As a consequence, for a company, selecting an appropriate quality model is a difficult, non-trivial decision. In this paper, we propose a general approach and a particular solution to this problem. The main idea is to combine and adapt existing models (experts) in such a way that the combined model works well on the particular system or in the particular type of organization. In our particular solution, the experts are assumed to be decision tree or rule-based classifiers and the combination is done by a genetic algorithm. The result is a white-box model: for each software component, not only does the model give a prediction of the software quality factor, it also provides the expert that was used to obtain the prediction. Test results indicate that the proposed model performs significantly better than individual experts in the pool.
{"title":"Combining software quality predictive models: an evolutionary approach","authors":"S. Bouktif, H. Sahraoui, B. Kégl","doi":"10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167795","url":null,"abstract":"During the last ten years, a large number of quality models have been proposed in the literature. In general, the goal of these models is to predict a quality factor starting from a set of direct measures. The lack of data behind these models makes it hard to generalize, cross-validate, and reuse existing models. As a consequence, for a company, selecting an appropriate quality model is a difficult, non-trivial decision. In this paper, we propose a general approach and a particular solution to this problem. The main idea is to combine and adapt existing models (experts) in such a way that the combined model works well on the particular system or in the particular type of organization. In our particular solution, the experts are assumed to be decision tree or rule-based classifiers and the combination is done by a genetic algorithm. The result is a white-box model: for each software component, not only does the model give a prediction of the software quality factor, it also provides the expert that was used to obtain the prediction. Test results indicate that the proposed model performs significantly better than individual experts in the pool.","PeriodicalId":385190,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Software Maintenance, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133441248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-03DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167780
M. Interesse
Nowadays, the information systems of large companies are quickly growing in complexity. In fact, tough new software development technologies and technical infrastructures are ever more powerful and allow higher degrees of flexibility, on the other hand this translates in a more complex solution for the final software systems and their maintainability results in a very challenging task. This is further emphasized in the cases, actually very common, where modern systems need to coexist with legacy ones. In this scenario, the testing of new functions or changes to existing ones has become a very demanding task. Netsiel has developed, and it is continuously improving, a specific methodology (SAMMIT-Software Application Maintenance Methodology and Industrial Techniques) in order to properly define the processes (tasks, roles, products, etc.) covering the entire "maintenance life-cycle" and to aid software engineers in performing all the maintenance tasks required by large and complex information systems. Moreover, the methodology itself is complemented and fully supported by a proprietary software tool, the SAMMIT WorkBench, assisting software engineers in their day-by-day maintenance operations.
{"title":"Test manager: the test automation component for the maintenance of large-scale systems","authors":"M. Interesse","doi":"10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167780","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the information systems of large companies are quickly growing in complexity. In fact, tough new software development technologies and technical infrastructures are ever more powerful and allow higher degrees of flexibility, on the other hand this translates in a more complex solution for the final software systems and their maintainability results in a very challenging task. This is further emphasized in the cases, actually very common, where modern systems need to coexist with legacy ones. In this scenario, the testing of new functions or changes to existing ones has become a very demanding task. Netsiel has developed, and it is continuously improving, a specific methodology (SAMMIT-Software Application Maintenance Methodology and Industrial Techniques) in order to properly define the processes (tasks, roles, products, etc.) covering the entire \"maintenance life-cycle\" and to aid software engineers in performing all the maintenance tasks required by large and complex information systems. Moreover, the methodology itself is complemented and fully supported by a proprietary software tool, the SAMMIT WorkBench, assisting software engineers in their day-by-day maintenance operations.","PeriodicalId":385190,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Software Maintenance, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123824062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-03DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167768
B. Korel, L. Tahat, Boris Vaysburg
Model based testing is a system testing technique used to test software systems modeled by formal description languages, e.g., an extended finite state machine (EFSM). System models are frequently changed because of specification changes. Selective test generation techniques are used to test the modified parts of the model. However, the size of regression test suites still may be very large. In this paper, we present a model-based regression testing approach that uses EFSM model dependence analysis to reduce regression test suites. The approach automatically identifies the difference between the original model and the modified model as a set of elementary model modifications. For each elementary modification, regression test reduction strategies are used to reduce the regression test suite based on EFSM dependence analysis. Our initial experience shows that the approach may significantly reduce the size of regression test suites.
{"title":"Model based regression test reduction using dependence analysis","authors":"B. Korel, L. Tahat, Boris Vaysburg","doi":"10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167768","url":null,"abstract":"Model based testing is a system testing technique used to test software systems modeled by formal description languages, e.g., an extended finite state machine (EFSM). System models are frequently changed because of specification changes. Selective test generation techniques are used to test the modified parts of the model. However, the size of regression test suites still may be very large. In this paper, we present a model-based regression testing approach that uses EFSM model dependence analysis to reduce regression test suites. The approach automatically identifies the difference between the original model and the modified model as a set of elementary model modifications. For each elementary modification, regression test reduction strategies are used to reduce the regression test suite based on EFSM dependence analysis. Our initial experience shows that the approach may significantly reduce the size of regression test suites.","PeriodicalId":385190,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Software Maintenance, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122542613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-03DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167788
Eleni Stroulia, M. El-Ramly, P. Sorenson
In the context of the CelLEST project, we have been investigating the problem of reengineering and reusing the services provided by legacy applications, running on mainframe hosts. This work has resulted in a suite of methods, based on understanding and modeling the users' interaction with the legacy-application interface. These methods aim at (a) modeling the behavior of the legacy user interface as a state-transition diagram, (b) recovering specifications for the application's functions by discovering the users' tasks as frequently occurring interaction patterns, and (c) constructing new user-interface front-ends to make the recovered legacy functions accessible through the Web. We describe the overall process for legacy migration to the World Wide Web, using the CelLEST methods, and we illustrate it with an example case study.
{"title":"From legacy to Web through interaction modeling","authors":"Eleni Stroulia, M. El-Ramly, P. Sorenson","doi":"10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167788","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the CelLEST project, we have been investigating the problem of reengineering and reusing the services provided by legacy applications, running on mainframe hosts. This work has resulted in a suite of methods, based on understanding and modeling the users' interaction with the legacy-application interface. These methods aim at (a) modeling the behavior of the legacy user interface as a state-transition diagram, (b) recovering specifications for the application's functions by discovering the users' tasks as frequently occurring interaction patterns, and (c) constructing new user-interface front-ends to make the recovered legacy functions accessible through the Web. We describe the overall process for legacy migration to the World Wide Web, using the CelLEST methods, and we illustrate it with an example case study.","PeriodicalId":385190,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Software Maintenance, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114586831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-03DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167789
Rui Yin, R. Keller
To make program comprehension more effective, the analyst needs high-level information about the software under investigation, in particular information at the structure and the design levels. Visualization in contexts allows the analyst to investigate software in terms of various contexts at different levels of abstraction and to form a variety of mental models of the software at hand. Moreover, the analyst can mentally integrate disparate mental models by cross-referencing. In this paper, the visualization in contexts strategy is introduced. Then, the Context Viewer, a prototype tool supporting the strategy within the SPOOL reverse engineering environment, is detailed. Three usage scenarios illustrate the approach. The scenarios, complemented by an informal evaluation and comparison, suggest the usefulness of the tool and the underlying strategy.
{"title":"Program comprehension by visualization in contexts","authors":"Rui Yin, R. Keller","doi":"10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167789","url":null,"abstract":"To make program comprehension more effective, the analyst needs high-level information about the software under investigation, in particular information at the structure and the design levels. Visualization in contexts allows the analyst to investigate software in terms of various contexts at different levels of abstraction and to form a variety of mental models of the software at hand. Moreover, the analyst can mentally integrate disparate mental models by cross-referencing. In this paper, the visualization in contexts strategy is introduced. Then, the Context Viewer, a prototype tool supporting the strategy within the SPOOL reverse engineering environment, is detailed. Three usage scenarios illustrate the approach. The scenarios, complemented by an informal evaluation and comparison, suggest the usefulness of the tool and the underlying strategy.","PeriodicalId":385190,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Software Maintenance, 2002. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134196175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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