Phul Tika Rai, C. Wangmo, J. Thinley, Pema Seldon, Karma Yangki, Deoraj Biswa
Home Automation Systems are sets of interconnected devices for controlling various functions within a house, such as lighting, heating, air conditioning etc. Mobile devices are suitable for offering a user interface in a Home Automation System because of their portability and diverse capabilities. Wireless Home Automation has been a positive inspiration for new construction as it is easier and effective to use. This Project Report presents the implementation of the wireless technology for controlling the Home Utilities, Home Security System with specific features and door lock system by using scanning technique. In this system, with the help of app, we can control Home Utilities wirelessly that intelligently communicate with one another through a wireless device. In addition, that we have installed motion and gas detector for security purpose with special features like notifying the owner with message and beeping the buzzer. Lastly, we are also installing door lock system for better security using fingerprint that will allow only authorized user to access the home.
{"title":"ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING DESIGN - A CASE STUDY OF JIGME NAMGYEL ENGINEERING COLLEGE","authors":"Phul Tika Rai, C. Wangmo, J. Thinley, Pema Seldon, Karma Yangki, Deoraj Biswa","doi":"10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.112","url":null,"abstract":"Home Automation Systems are sets of interconnected devices for controlling various functions within a house, such as lighting, heating, air conditioning etc. Mobile devices are suitable for offering a user interface in a Home Automation System because of their portability and diverse capabilities. Wireless Home Automation has been a positive inspiration for new construction as it is easier and effective to use. This Project Report presents the implementation of the wireless technology for controlling the Home Utilities, Home Security System with specific features and door lock system by using scanning technique. In this system, with the help of app, we can control Home Utilities wirelessly that intelligently communicate with one another through a wireless device. In addition, that we have installed motion and gas detector for security purpose with special features like notifying the owner with message and beeping the buzzer. Lastly, we are also installing door lock system for better security using fingerprint that will allow only authorized user to access the home.","PeriodicalId":38544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89730960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, an approach for predicting wind energy using machine learning has been explored. An indirect method has been adopted. Predicting wind speed at first using the hourly weather data and combining that predicted wind speed with the power curve of considered wind turbine prepared by the companies. This research aims to develop a generalized machine learning based wind power forecasting model for Bhutan. Thus, hourly weather data for the year 2018 and 2019 of 300kW On-grid Wind Farm at Rubesa was used to train the base model. Meanwhile, the trained base model was tested against the weather data sets for the selected sites namely Gaselo and Dagana. A Random Forest Regression machine learning algorithm was used in this research. The developed base model has five input variables which are time, temperature, global horizontal irradiance, relative humidity, and pressure, while the target is wind speed. The R- squared values, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for the developed base model were found to be 0.88, 0.40 and 0.30 respectively. Energy output in the wind turbine was calculated via the predicted wind speed and power curve prepared by the wind turbine companies. The calculated energy output could shape the considered theoretical power curve. The power curve considered in the present research is 300kW On-grid Wind Farm at Rubesa, Wangdiphodrang.
{"title":"WIND POWER FORECASTING USING MACHINE LEARNING IN BHUTAN","authors":"Nabindra Sharma, Namgay Tenzin, Manoj Sharma","doi":"10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.110","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, an approach for predicting wind energy using machine learning has been explored. An indirect method has been adopted. Predicting wind speed at first using the hourly weather data and combining that predicted wind speed with the power curve of considered wind turbine prepared by the companies. This research aims to develop a generalized machine learning based wind power forecasting model for Bhutan. Thus, hourly weather data for the year 2018 and 2019 of 300kW On-grid Wind Farm at Rubesa was used to train the base model. Meanwhile, the trained base model was tested against the weather data sets for the selected sites namely Gaselo and Dagana. A Random Forest Regression machine learning algorithm was used in this research. The developed base model has five input variables which are time, temperature, global horizontal irradiance, relative humidity, and pressure, while the target is wind speed. The R- squared values, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for the developed base model were found to be 0.88, 0.40 and 0.30 respectively. Energy output in the wind turbine was calculated via the predicted wind speed and power curve prepared by the wind turbine companies. The calculated energy output could shape the considered theoretical power curve. The power curve considered in the present research is 300kW On-grid Wind Farm at Rubesa, Wangdiphodrang.","PeriodicalId":38544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80870137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The building sector in Bhutan is responsible for 42% of total energy and consumes 242,916 TOE of thermal energy. The maximum thermal energy was used for space heating. As per the studies conducted on the energy efficiency of the buildings in Bhutan, the buildings are found to be the worst performance in terms of thermal and airtightness. Without the proper insulation, lack of choice of the building materials as per the climatic conditions and lacks of awareness in the society about the green building practices has led to poor indoor quality of life. Buildings located inthe high region are found to be uncomfortably cold during winter months.This research focuses on studying the thermal performance of different building typologies. The main findings of this research were on enhancing indoor thermal comfort and reducing heating energy demand by the incorporation of passive measures. The results were achieved by simulating the buildings in EnergyPlus software using the data collected from questionnaires and field surveys. The simulation results showed that among the investigated buildings, a concrete hollow block wall located at Kabesa has the less comfort hour of 15% at the existing condition. When passive interventions were incorporated into the building, the thermal comfort hours were achievable up to 32% with the load reduction potential of 65%.As for the traditional house with the adobe brick wall and timber wall at Changdagang, had more comfort hours than the building located at Kabesa. With the different set of passive intervention, it was found that comfort hour of 38% to 41% and load reduction of 25.9% can be achieved for the building with adobe brick wall and timber wall respectively. Whereas for stone masonry with cement mortar and RCC framed structure located at Begana and Langdru had a thermal comfort hour of more that 30%. However, RCC framed structure was reported to have huge demand for heating energy compared to stone masonry with cement mortar. The passive intervention prepared for RCC and stone masonry had the potential to achieve 41%-57% of thermal comfort hours. The results from all the investigated buildings revealed that the inclusion of passive design could improve indoor thermal comfort and can achieve a reduction in heating energy demand.
{"title":"THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT BUILDING TYPOLOGIES IN THIMPHU","authors":"Namdu Lhamo, T. Lhendup, C. Dorji, Gom Dorji","doi":"10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.109","url":null,"abstract":"The building sector in Bhutan is responsible for 42% of total energy and consumes 242,916 TOE of thermal energy. The maximum thermal energy was used for space heating. As per the studies conducted on the energy efficiency of the buildings in Bhutan, the buildings are found to be the worst performance in terms of thermal and airtightness. Without the proper insulation, lack of choice of the building materials as per the climatic conditions and lacks of awareness in the society about the green building practices has led to poor indoor quality of life. Buildings located inthe high region are found to be uncomfortably cold during winter months.This research focuses on studying the thermal performance of different building typologies. The main findings of this research were on enhancing indoor thermal comfort and reducing heating energy demand by the incorporation of passive measures. The results were achieved by simulating the buildings in EnergyPlus software using the data collected from questionnaires and field surveys. The simulation results showed that among the investigated buildings, a concrete hollow block wall located at Kabesa has the less comfort hour of 15% at the existing condition. When passive interventions were incorporated into the building, the thermal comfort hours were achievable up to 32% with the load reduction potential of 65%.As for the traditional house with the adobe brick wall and timber wall at Changdagang, had more comfort hours than the building located at Kabesa. With the different set of passive intervention, it was found that comfort hour of 38% to 41% and load reduction of 25.9% can be achieved for the building with adobe brick wall and timber wall respectively. Whereas for stone masonry with cement mortar and RCC framed structure located at Begana and Langdru had a thermal comfort hour of more that 30%. However, RCC framed structure was reported to have huge demand for heating energy compared to stone masonry with cement mortar. The passive intervention prepared for RCC and stone masonry had the potential to achieve 41%-57% of thermal comfort hours. The results from all the investigated buildings revealed that the inclusion of passive design could improve indoor thermal comfort and can achieve a reduction in heating energy demand.","PeriodicalId":38544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86103983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Y. Tenzin, Leki Drakpa, Tashi Deki, Sharda Subba, C. Norbu, Pema Kuenchap, Chimmi
Construction activities are booming in and around the cities with development and modernization. As a result of these constructions, natural aggregates are being extracted. Simultaneously, there is a significant amount of construction and demolition waste (CDW) generated due to the demolition of structures either due to the structure attaining service life or fashion and the ongoing trend of reconstruction. Therefore, recycling coarse aggregate from CDW in concrete is one of the sustainable solutions to prevent a serious threat to the environment due to the extraction of virgin aggregates and landfilling. This paper presents the results of a study undertaken to examine the influence of recycled concrete aggregate on the properties of new concrete and its life cycle cost (LCC) analysis. It is clear from the test that the strength of RAC is much lowered than natural aggregate concrete (NAC). In order to achieve the optimum strength, the natural aggregate is replaced by recycled aggregate within a range of 0% to 100%, in intervals of 10%. Additionally, to enhance its strength further, reinforcing RAC with new and recycled polypropylene (PP) fiber is done in percentages ranging from 0.25% to 2% by weight of cement with an interval of 0.25%. For analysis, compression, and split tensile strength tests were performed at the end of 28 days of the curing period. The result revealed that 40% replacement of natural aggregate with recycled aggregate achieves the ideal percentage replacement without compromising the strength. Moreover, incorporating 1.5% of new PP fiber or 1.25% of recycled PP fiber in the RAC provides optimum strength. For LCC analysis, the initial investment cost, operations, and maintenance cost, and salvage cost of all the alternatives are compared. Through this analysis, it was determined that the LCC of concrete manufactured using recycled aggregate as concrete ingredients is the lowest. Consequently, incorporating recycled aggregates in concrete production reduces the LCC compared to using natural aggregates.
{"title":"RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE (RAC): A viable solution for sustainable construction","authors":"R. Y. Tenzin, Leki Drakpa, Tashi Deki, Sharda Subba, C. Norbu, Pema Kuenchap, Chimmi","doi":"10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.111","url":null,"abstract":"Construction activities are booming in and around the cities with development and modernization. As a result of these constructions, natural aggregates are being extracted. Simultaneously, there is a significant amount of construction and demolition waste (CDW) generated due to the demolition of structures either due to the structure attaining service life or fashion and the ongoing trend of reconstruction. Therefore, recycling coarse aggregate from CDW in concrete is one of the sustainable solutions to prevent a serious threat to the environment due to the extraction of virgin aggregates and landfilling. This paper presents the results of a study undertaken to examine the influence of recycled concrete aggregate on the properties of new concrete and its life cycle cost (LCC) analysis. It is clear from the test that the strength of RAC is much lowered than natural aggregate concrete (NAC). In order to achieve the optimum strength, the natural aggregate is replaced by recycled aggregate within a range of 0% to 100%, in intervals of 10%. Additionally, to enhance its strength further, reinforcing RAC with new and recycled polypropylene (PP) fiber is done in percentages ranging from 0.25% to 2% by weight of cement with an interval of 0.25%. For analysis, compression, and split tensile strength tests were performed at the end of 28 days of the curing period. The result revealed that 40% replacement of natural aggregate with recycled aggregate achieves the ideal percentage replacement without compromising the strength. Moreover, incorporating 1.5% of new PP fiber or 1.25% of recycled PP fiber in the RAC provides optimum strength. For LCC analysis, the initial investment cost, operations, and maintenance cost, and salvage cost of all the alternatives are compared. Through this analysis, it was determined that the LCC of concrete manufactured using recycled aggregate as concrete ingredients is the lowest. Consequently, incorporating recycled aggregates in concrete production reduces the LCC compared to using natural aggregates.","PeriodicalId":38544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86832594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Embarking on a comprehensive exploration, this study delves into the captivating realm of On-Job Training (OJT) and its profound impact on student learning within the context of the 6th cohort of the Diploma in Materials and Procurement Management program at Jigme Namgyel Engineering College in Dewathang. Although many claimed that such supervised training within a particular time frame (45 days) carried out either in the private sector or in government organizations provides skills, knowledge and experience, however, no prior study has been conducted by the college so far to assess its impacts. To assess the impact of On-Job Training (OJT) on the acquisition of practical skills, knowledge, and competencies among students in the 6th cohorts with a specific focus on their ability to apply theoretical concepts in real-world work environments is the main objective of the study. The purposive sampling method was used as the method of the research. This study used one set of questionnaires to discover supervisor’s perspectives of different organizations and student’s perspective. A total population size of 43 questionnaires (29 students and 14 workplace supervisors) were issued and all were returned. The data were analyzed using a Relative Index of Importance (RII) which provides a descriptive interpretation of the most important variables in this research. It was observed from the view of the organization that such training improved the student’s skills in formal and informal communication, help to find a research area for their projects, ability to socialize, and sustained the relationship. In the view of the students, It has been observed that the training improved the students’ confidence in tackling problems and provides the need for continuous learning. Also, observed that inadequate duration and insufficient stipend were the major concerns students expressed during their internship. It has been concluded that industrial experience gained from the OJT help to improve the student’s ability and knowledge gained which can provide the basis for a successful career after graduation from college. It was recommended that OJT should be seen as a tool to improve students’ abilities.
{"title":"EXAMINING THE INFLUENCE OF ON-JOB TRAINING (OJT) ON STUDENT LEARNING: A STUDY FOCUSING ON THE 6TH COHORT OF THE DIPLOMA IN MATERIALS AND PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM AT JIGME NAMGYEL ENGINEERING COLLEGE IN DEWATHANG","authors":"Pema Wangchuk","doi":"10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.100","url":null,"abstract":"Embarking on a comprehensive exploration, this study delves into the captivating realm of On-Job Training (OJT) and its profound impact on student learning within the context of the 6th cohort of the Diploma in Materials and Procurement Management program at Jigme Namgyel Engineering College in Dewathang. Although many claimed that such supervised training within a particular time frame (45 days) carried out either in the private sector or in government organizations provides skills, knowledge and experience, however, no prior study has been conducted by the college so far to assess its impacts. To assess the impact of On-Job Training (OJT) on the acquisition of practical skills, knowledge, and competencies among students in the 6th cohorts with a specific focus on their ability to apply theoretical concepts in real-world work environments is the main objective of the study. The purposive sampling method was used as the method of the research. This study used one set of questionnaires to discover supervisor’s perspectives of different organizations and student’s perspective. A total population size of 43 questionnaires (29 students and 14 workplace supervisors) were issued and all were returned. The data were analyzed using a Relative Index of Importance (RII) which provides a descriptive interpretation of the most important variables in this research. It was observed from the view of the organization that such training improved the student’s skills in formal and informal communication, help to find a research area for their projects, ability to socialize, and sustained the relationship. In the view of the students, It has been observed that the training improved the students’ confidence in tackling problems and provides the need for continuous learning. Also, observed that inadequate duration and insufficient stipend were the major concerns students expressed during their internship. It has been concluded that industrial experience gained from the OJT help to improve the student’s ability and knowledge gained which can provide the basis for a successful career after graduation from college. It was recommended that OJT should be seen as a tool to improve students’ abilities.","PeriodicalId":38544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72579973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Like many other countries, Bhutan is also experiencing rapid trend of urban expansion mainly due to out-migration from rural to urban areas particularly in capital city, Thimphu. This study focuses on the dynamics of urban expansion, evaluating urban growth and land consumption pattern of Thimphu, using multi-temporal Landsat images during the year 1990-2018. The main aim of the study is to perform supervised classification to classify built-up area, green area, bare-land and others (water bodies, agricultural lands, etc…) and to perform a change analysis from the viewpoint of increasing the built-up areas (man-made structures) and decreasing in green and open spaces. Moreover, the study also highlights how has the land consumption pattern of the region changed over the years. The findings of the study confirmed that the Thimphu city has its built-up areas increased during 1990-2018 with net growth of 4.63 km2 (106.19%). The urban area was 4.36 km2 in 1990, 5.80 km2 in 2000 (33.03% growth), which increased to 7.24 km2 in 2013 (24.83% growth) and 8.99 km2 (24.17% growth) in 2018. The study also showed that there is decrease in land consumption between 1990-2018. In 1990, land consumption was 155.65 m2 per person which decreased to 78.48 m2 per person in 2018. This decrease in land consumption indicate that the city is experiencing increased densification between the years 1990-2018. The classifier performance evaluation was done using overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. The classification produced an overall accuracies ranging between 78.74% to 90.46 % and overall kappa statistics between 0.72 to 0.87 for all years indicating classification accuracy of moderate to substantial accuracy.
{"title":"STUDY ON SPATIAL-TEMPORAL URBAN GROWTH AND LAND CONSUMPTION PATTERNS OF THIMPHU, BHUTAN USING MULTI-TEMPORAL SATELLITE IMAGES","authors":"Indra Bahadur Chhetri","doi":"10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.107","url":null,"abstract":"Like many other countries, Bhutan is also experiencing rapid trend of urban expansion mainly due to out-migration from rural to urban areas particularly in capital city, Thimphu. This study focuses on the dynamics of urban expansion, evaluating urban growth and land consumption pattern of Thimphu, using multi-temporal Landsat images during the year 1990-2018. The main aim of the study is to perform supervised classification to classify built-up area, green area, bare-land and others (water bodies, agricultural lands, etc…) and to perform a change analysis from the viewpoint of increasing the built-up areas (man-made structures) and decreasing in green and open spaces. Moreover, the study also highlights how has the land consumption pattern of the region changed over the years. The findings of the study confirmed that the Thimphu city has its built-up areas increased during 1990-2018 with net growth of 4.63 km2 (106.19%). The urban area was 4.36 km2 in 1990, 5.80 km2 in 2000 (33.03% growth), which increased to 7.24 km2 in 2013 (24.83% growth) and 8.99 km2 (24.17% growth) in 2018. The study also showed that there is decrease in land consumption between 1990-2018. In 1990, land consumption was 155.65 m2 per person which decreased to 78.48 m2 per person in 2018. This decrease in land consumption indicate that the city is experiencing increased densification between the years 1990-2018. The classifier performance evaluation was done using overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. The classification produced an overall accuracies ranging between 78.74% to 90.46 % and overall kappa statistics between 0.72 to 0.87 for all years indicating classification accuracy of moderate to substantial accuracy.","PeriodicalId":38544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76210310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Acharya, J. Tenzin, Mim Prasad Phuyel, K. Tshomo
Forest fire is not only observed as one of the most significant sources of forest degradation in Bhutan but also a serious danger to national conservation efforts. As a result, forest fire susceptibility analysis is recognised as an important part of Bhutan's forest fire management strategy. The study's major goal is to create a forest fire susceptibility map for Bhutan using logistic regression (LR) and frequency ratio (FR) models. The study gathered number of fire influencing factors, evaluated them, and created susceptibility maps. Using the relative operating characteristics technique, the efficiency of each of the two models was analysed and compared to select the best model. The Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves with the area under the curve (AUC) was used to check the correctness of the maps produced by the modelling procedure. The prediction and success rates of the LR model were 88.8% and 87.5%, while for the FR model they were 85.4% and 85.1%, respectively. The results showed that both models are good predictors of forest fire with the LR model performing fairly better than the FR model. So, the LR model was chosen as an optimum model for forest fire susceptibility mapping. The susceptibility map obtained from the optimum LR model was classified into five categories such as; very low, low, moderate, high, and very high.. The findings of this study give useful spatial information for implementing forest management techniques.
{"title":"FOREST FIRE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING OF BHUTAN USING LOGISTIC REGRESSION AND FREQUENCY RATIO MODEL","authors":"H. Acharya, J. Tenzin, Mim Prasad Phuyel, K. Tshomo","doi":"10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.113","url":null,"abstract":"Forest fire is not only observed as one of the most significant sources of forest degradation in Bhutan but also a serious danger to national conservation efforts. As a result, forest fire susceptibility analysis is recognised as an important part of Bhutan's forest fire management strategy. The study's major goal is to create a forest fire susceptibility map for Bhutan using logistic regression (LR) and frequency ratio (FR) models. The study gathered number of fire influencing factors, evaluated them, and created susceptibility maps. Using the relative operating characteristics technique, the efficiency of each of the two models was analysed and compared to select the best model. The Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves with the area under the curve (AUC) was used to check the correctness of the maps produced by the modelling procedure. The prediction and success rates of the LR model were 88.8% and 87.5%, while for the FR model they were 85.4% and 85.1%, respectively. The results showed that both models are good predictors of forest fire with the LR model performing fairly better than the FR model. So, the LR model was chosen as an optimum model for forest fire susceptibility mapping. The susceptibility map obtained from the optimum LR model was classified into five categories such as; very low, low, moderate, high, and very high.. The findings of this study give useful spatial information for implementing forest management techniques.","PeriodicalId":38544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84161204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies and research on the arena of prefabrication have prodigiously reported faster project delivery, improved quality and safer working conditions. More prominently, reduction in waste materials at project sites without any implications to environmental aspects has been a major breakthrough. Prefabricated building structures have been progressively recognized as a substitute to the conventional methods of construction at a rapid rate, however, there is a knowledge vacuum and inadequate data on the adoption of prefabrication in Bhutan. Hence, in the current study, the feasibility of Prefabricated Buildings in Bhutan with a case study was carried out. The study focused on the benefits, constraints and way forward of prefabrication works in Bhutan through field survey and questionnaire survey. In addition, economic, environmental assessments and insulation performance were carried on a Pre-Engineered building with prefabricated materials and subsequently compared to a conventional building. From the study, the major benefit found to be ease of construction whereas the constraints pertaining to the design and planning phase of the project were deemed to be the major constraint. In particular for prefabricated construction, the cost was found to be 24.18% higher but the duration of the project can be reduced by 25-31% and the environmental impact was found to be 20.81% less than for the conventional building. Therefore, adopting prefabricated construction will depend on the requirements of a particular project, the availability of funds and environmental standards to be followed. However, the use and acceptance of prefabrication in the construction industry can be improved by better advocacy and public awareness.
{"title":"FEASIBILITY OF PREFABRICATED BUILDING STRUCTURES IN BHUTAN","authors":"Bobi Maya Thapa, Sangey Pasang","doi":"10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.102","url":null,"abstract":"Studies and research on the arena of prefabrication have prodigiously reported faster project delivery, improved quality and safer working conditions. More prominently, reduction in waste materials at project sites without any implications to environmental aspects has been a major breakthrough. Prefabricated building structures have been progressively recognized as a substitute to the conventional methods of construction at a rapid rate, however, there is a knowledge vacuum and inadequate data on the adoption of prefabrication in Bhutan. Hence, in the current study, the feasibility of Prefabricated Buildings in Bhutan with a case study was carried out. The study focused on the benefits, constraints and way forward of prefabrication works in Bhutan through field survey and questionnaire survey. In addition, economic, environmental assessments and insulation performance were carried on a Pre-Engineered building with prefabricated materials and subsequently compared to a conventional building. From the study, the major benefit found to be ease of construction whereas the constraints pertaining to the design and planning phase of the project were deemed to be the major constraint. In particular for prefabricated construction, the cost was found to be 24.18% higher but the duration of the project can be reduced by 25-31% and the environmental impact was found to be 20.81% less than for the conventional building. Therefore, adopting prefabricated construction will depend on the requirements of a particular project, the availability of funds and environmental standards to be followed. However, the use and acceptance of prefabrication in the construction industry can be improved by better advocacy and public awareness.","PeriodicalId":38544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86452521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fourth industrial revolution has necessitated the revamping of education relevant for the twenty-first-century knowledge and skills. This work studies the potential of accelerating creative learning and innovation with early exposure and access to modern STEM platforms. Early access is expected to enhance the understanding of the significance of knowledge and skills in science technology engineering, and mathematics platforms. The derivation of understanding of the impact of early access in enhancing STEM education at the grassroots was part of the study. Students and STEM teachers were engaged in learning and experiencing the potential of STEM through hands-on experimental learning. The basic application implementation on automation, the internet of things, and artificial intelligence were used to ensure the learners gets the first-hand experience of STEM technologies. The first part of study indicated the lack of platforms and learning tools has impacted the development of youths’ curiosity about STEM despite being aware of its significance and being a daily customer. It has also adversely affected the ability of youths in expressing their creativity and innovative ideas. On the other hand, youths through organized workshops were introduced to STEM platforms named STEMSEL and runlinc to impart an understanding of automation, IoT, and AI applications. The youth participants could experimentally design, develop and deploy (3D) the basic applications with the minimum number of lines of programming code. The student participants exhibited an increased level of understanding of the significance of STEM in the completion of workshops. Furthermore, the ability to use their creativity and converge into 3D experimentally enabled them to draw a better understanding of STEM technologies. The participants demonstrated their realization of the significance of hands-on learning tools to maximize, accelerate, and motivate themselves into learning STEM after the immersion program i.e. STEM workshops. With this study, promotion and importance of STEM education can be achieved within the region. STEM Education inculcates the hands-on experiential learning of the youths driving towards innovative workforce of the country through technology-based learning.
{"title":"IMPORTANCE OF MODERN STEM TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSFORMATION OF STEM EDUCATION IN THE GRASSROOTS LEVEL: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN BHUTAN","authors":"Sangay Chedup, Bevek Subba, Karma Utha, Tandin Zangmo, Srijana Gajmer, Deo Raj Diswa","doi":"10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.104","url":null,"abstract":"The fourth industrial revolution has necessitated the revamping of education relevant for the twenty-first-century knowledge and skills. This work studies the potential of accelerating creative learning and innovation with early exposure and access to modern STEM platforms. Early access is expected to enhance the understanding of the significance of knowledge and skills in science technology engineering, and mathematics platforms. The derivation of understanding of the impact of early access in enhancing STEM education at the grassroots was part of the study. Students and STEM teachers were engaged in learning and experiencing the potential of STEM through hands-on experimental learning. The basic application implementation on automation, the internet of things, and artificial intelligence were used to ensure the learners gets the first-hand experience of STEM technologies. The first part of study indicated the lack of platforms and learning tools has impacted the development of youths’ curiosity about STEM despite being aware of its significance and being a daily customer. It has also adversely affected the ability of youths in expressing their creativity and innovative ideas. On the other hand, youths through organized workshops were introduced to STEM platforms named STEMSEL and runlinc to impart an understanding of automation, IoT, and AI applications. The youth participants could experimentally design, develop and deploy (3D) the basic applications with the minimum number of lines of programming code. The student participants exhibited an increased level of understanding of the significance of STEM in the completion of workshops. Furthermore, the ability to use their creativity and converge into 3D experimentally enabled them to draw a better understanding of STEM technologies. The participants demonstrated their realization of the significance of hands-on learning tools to maximize, accelerate, and motivate themselves into learning STEM after the immersion program i.e. STEM workshops. With this study, promotion and importance of STEM education can be achieved within the region. STEM Education inculcates the hands-on experiential learning of the youths driving towards innovative workforce of the country through technology-based learning.","PeriodicalId":38544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89207488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Tshering, Deoraj Biswa, Dhendup Tshering, S. Rinchen, Sujata Rai, Rinchen Bidha, Karma Y Lhayang
While many people with disabilities can benefit from power wheelchairs, some people with disabilities find it difficult or impossible to use a basic power wheelchair. To serve this group, several researchers have developed "smart wheelchairs" that use technologies originally developed for mobile robots to reduce the physical, perceptual, and cognitive skills needed to operate a motorized wheelchair. Smart Wheelchairs are mechanically controlled devices that can move on their own with the help of a user command. This reduces the user's human effort and force required to push the wheelchair wheels. It also allows visually or physically disabled people to move from one location to another. The wheelchair also has an obstacle detection system, which reduces the likelihood of a collision while traveling.
{"title":"AUTOMATED WHEELCHAIR FOR DIFFERENTLY ABLED PERSON WITH FALL DETECTION AND MANEUVERABILITY","authors":"S. Tshering, Deoraj Biswa, Dhendup Tshering, S. Rinchen, Sujata Rai, Rinchen Bidha, Karma Y Lhayang","doi":"10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54417/jaetm.v3i1.108","url":null,"abstract":"While many people with disabilities can benefit from power wheelchairs, some people with disabilities find it difficult or impossible to use a basic power wheelchair. To serve this group, several researchers have developed \"smart wheelchairs\" that use technologies originally developed for mobile robots to reduce the physical, perceptual, and cognitive skills needed to operate a motorized wheelchair. Smart Wheelchairs are mechanically controlled devices that can move on their own with the help of a user command. This reduces the user's human effort and force required to push the wheelchair wheels. It also allows visually or physically disabled people to move from one location to another. The wheelchair also has an obstacle detection system, which reduces the likelihood of a collision while traveling.","PeriodicalId":38544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82803087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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