Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/WCNPS50723.2020.9263716
W. L. D. de Azevedo, J. L. A. D’Annibale, A. D. de Araújo, J. Filho
Lightning Protection System (LPS) must provide a low-impedance path through its grounding system when a lightning strikes at the top of buildings. This grounding system is composed by combination of vertical (VE) and horizontal electrodes (HE) and a precise computation of its impedance must consider a stratified soil. Additionally, due to corrosion and electromagnetic forces, the electrode may present ruptures on connectors or welded parts. These factors affect the transient voltages along the grounding grid. In this paper, transient currents and voltages are investigated for a real LPS, subjected to a lightning strike, whose grounding system is buried in a homogeneous and stratified soil. In each condition, the grounding system is analysed under whole and damage state. In this study, a lumped approach for the VE and HE are obtained by the Vector Fitting technique and by the electromagnetic radiation theory (ERT), respectively. Results show that transient currents and voltages are affected by a rupture in the grounding electrodes; significant differences are more pronounced in high resistive homogeneous soil which may impact on the safety of people surrounding the LPS area.
{"title":"Transient Voltages on Lightning Protection System with Stratified Soils and Damage Conditions","authors":"W. L. D. de Azevedo, J. L. A. D’Annibale, A. D. de Araújo, J. Filho","doi":"10.1109/WCNPS50723.2020.9263716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNPS50723.2020.9263716","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning Protection System (LPS) must provide a low-impedance path through its grounding system when a lightning strikes at the top of buildings. This grounding system is composed by combination of vertical (VE) and horizontal electrodes (HE) and a precise computation of its impedance must consider a stratified soil. Additionally, due to corrosion and electromagnetic forces, the electrode may present ruptures on connectors or welded parts. These factors affect the transient voltages along the grounding grid. In this paper, transient currents and voltages are investigated for a real LPS, subjected to a lightning strike, whose grounding system is buried in a homogeneous and stratified soil. In each condition, the grounding system is analysed under whole and damage state. In this study, a lumped approach for the VE and HE are obtained by the Vector Fitting technique and by the electromagnetic radiation theory (ERT), respectively. Results show that transient currents and voltages are affected by a rupture in the grounding electrodes; significant differences are more pronounced in high resistive homogeneous soil which may impact on the safety of people surrounding the LPS area.","PeriodicalId":385668,"journal":{"name":"2020 Workshop on Communication Networks and Power Systems (WCNPS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131863430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/WCNPS50723.2020.9263724
Gokulesh Danapal, Giovanni A. Santos, J. P. J. D. Da Costa, B. Praciano, Gabriel P. M. Pinheiro
Autonomous vehicles are expected to save almost half-million lives between 2035 to 2045. Moreover, since 90% of the accidents are caused by humans, 9% by weather and road conditions, and only 1% by vehicular failures, autonomous vehicles will provide much safer traffic, drastically decreasing the number of accidents. To perceive the surrounding objects and environment, autonomous vehicles depend on their sensor systems such as cameras, LiDARs, radars, and sonars. Traditionally, decision fusion is performed, implying into first individually processing each sensor’s data and then combining the processed information of the different sensors. In contrast to the traditional decision fusion of the processed information from each sensor, the raw data fusion extracts information from all sensors’ raw data providing higher reliability and accuracy in terms of object and environment perception. This paper proposes an improved sensor fusion framework based on You Only Look Once (YOLO) that jointly processes the raw data from cameras and LiDARs. To validate our framework, the dataset of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KITTI) in partnership with Toyota Technical University generated using two cameras, and a Velodyne laser scanner is considered. The proposed raw data fusion framework outperforms the traditional decision fusion framework with a gain of 5% in terms of vehicle detection performance.
预计在2035年至2045年间，自动驾驶汽车将拯救近50万人的生命。此外，由于90%的事故是由人类造成的，9%是由天气和道路状况造成的，只有1%是由车辆故障造成的，因此自动驾驶汽车将提供更安全的交通，大大减少事故数量。为了感知周围的物体和环境，自动驾驶汽车依赖于它们的传感器系统，如摄像头、激光雷达、雷达和声纳。传统的决策融合是先单独处理每个传感器的数据，然后将不同传感器的处理信息结合起来。与传统的每个传感器处理信息的决策融合相比，原始数据融合从所有传感器的原始数据中提取信息，在物体和环境感知方面提供更高的可靠性和准确性。本文提出了一种改进的基于YOLO (You Only Look Once)的传感器融合框架，该框架联合处理来自相机和激光雷达的原始数据。为了验证我们的框架，卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院(KITTI)与丰田技术大学合作的数据集使用两台摄像机和一台Velodyne激光扫描仪生成。提出的原始数据融合框架在车辆检测性能方面优于传统决策融合框架，提高了5%。
{"title":"Sensor fusion of camera and LiDAR raw data for vehicle detection","authors":"Gokulesh Danapal, Giovanni A. Santos, J. P. J. D. Da Costa, B. Praciano, Gabriel P. M. Pinheiro","doi":"10.1109/WCNPS50723.2020.9263724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNPS50723.2020.9263724","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous vehicles are expected to save almost half-million lives between 2035 to 2045. Moreover, since 90% of the accidents are caused by humans, 9% by weather and road conditions, and only 1% by vehicular failures, autonomous vehicles will provide much safer traffic, drastically decreasing the number of accidents. To perceive the surrounding objects and environment, autonomous vehicles depend on their sensor systems such as cameras, LiDARs, radars, and sonars. Traditionally, decision fusion is performed, implying into first individually processing each sensor’s data and then combining the processed information of the different sensors. In contrast to the traditional decision fusion of the processed information from each sensor, the raw data fusion extracts information from all sensors’ raw data providing higher reliability and accuracy in terms of object and environment perception. This paper proposes an improved sensor fusion framework based on You Only Look Once (YOLO) that jointly processes the raw data from cameras and LiDARs. To validate our framework, the dataset of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KITTI) in partnership with Toyota Technical University generated using two cameras, and a Velodyne laser scanner is considered. The proposed raw data fusion framework outperforms the traditional decision fusion framework with a gain of 5% in terms of vehicle detection performance.","PeriodicalId":385668,"journal":{"name":"2020 Workshop on Communication Networks and Power Systems (WCNPS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134319802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/WCNPS50723.2020.9263720
Jonas V. de Souza, Felipe M. dos S. Monteiro, R. B. Otto, Mauricio Biczkowski, E. Asada
Due to the increasing inclusion of renewable energy sources in the Distribution System (DS), the interest in Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) connected to the network and how to justify the investment has grown. By its attractive features such as fast response and decreasing price, the ESS can be used in various scenarios in the electrical system. Among them, we highlight the profit from the purchase and sale of electricity and the improvement of the voltage profile. The objective of this work is to evaluate the operation of the storage system by using the Multi-objective Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (MEPSO) to perform energy arbitrage and jointly improve the voltage profile of the network. The MEPSO is used to find a set of operational decisions to buy or store energy using the prices of the Day-Ahead Market (DAM) and, within these decisions, to operate the ESS during the Real-Time Market (RTM) hours. The results are promising and evidence that, through the proposed methodology, it is possible to perform energy arbitrage with the improvement of the voltage profile and a low number of charging/discharging cycles.
{"title":"Management of an Electrical Storage System for Joint Energy Arbitrage and Improvement of Voltage Profile","authors":"Jonas V. de Souza, Felipe M. dos S. Monteiro, R. B. Otto, Mauricio Biczkowski, E. Asada","doi":"10.1109/WCNPS50723.2020.9263720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNPS50723.2020.9263720","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increasing inclusion of renewable energy sources in the Distribution System (DS), the interest in Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) connected to the network and how to justify the investment has grown. By its attractive features such as fast response and decreasing price, the ESS can be used in various scenarios in the electrical system. Among them, we highlight the profit from the purchase and sale of electricity and the improvement of the voltage profile. The objective of this work is to evaluate the operation of the storage system by using the Multi-objective Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (MEPSO) to perform energy arbitrage and jointly improve the voltage profile of the network. The MEPSO is used to find a set of operational decisions to buy or store energy using the prices of the Day-Ahead Market (DAM) and, within these decisions, to operate the ESS during the Real-Time Market (RTM) hours. The results are promising and evidence that, through the proposed methodology, it is possible to perform energy arbitrage with the improvement of the voltage profile and a low number of charging/discharging cycles.","PeriodicalId":385668,"journal":{"name":"2020 Workshop on Communication Networks and Power Systems (WCNPS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115897404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/WCNPS50723.2020.9263744
J. Colqui, L. Timaná, P. Caballero, Sérgio Kurokawa
An accurate transmission line model must consider the frequency-dependence of the longitudinal parameters. In this context, the lumped parameter model (LPM), despite its well-known limitations, had been largely used to compute transient responses in power systems. To improve its accuracy, the frequency dependence of the longitudinal parameters had been included in the LPM by using fitting techniques and equivalent circuits. However, this representation had been described only for open-circuit tests. In this paper, we present the generic state space model of the frequency dependent LPM. We investigate how the number of line sections and the quality of the fitting affect the performance and accuracy of the frequency-dependent LPM, both in the time domain and in the frequency domain. Results shows that the frequency dependent LPM is accurate when compared to the JMarti line model.
{"title":"Analysis of the Frequency Dependent Lumped Parameter Transmission Line Model","authors":"J. Colqui, L. Timaná, P. Caballero, Sérgio Kurokawa","doi":"10.1109/WCNPS50723.2020.9263744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNPS50723.2020.9263744","url":null,"abstract":"An accurate transmission line model must consider the frequency-dependence of the longitudinal parameters. In this context, the lumped parameter model (LPM), despite its well-known limitations, had been largely used to compute transient responses in power systems. To improve its accuracy, the frequency dependence of the longitudinal parameters had been included in the LPM by using fitting techniques and equivalent circuits. However, this representation had been described only for open-circuit tests. In this paper, we present the generic state space model of the frequency dependent LPM. We investigate how the number of line sections and the quality of the fitting affect the performance and accuracy of the frequency-dependent LPM, both in the time domain and in the frequency domain. Results shows that the frequency dependent LPM is accurate when compared to the JMarti line model.","PeriodicalId":385668,"journal":{"name":"2020 Workshop on Communication Networks and Power Systems (WCNPS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128969395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/WCNPS50723.2020.9263773
L. D. Simões, B. L. Souza, H. J. Costa, R. P. de Medeiros, V. S. Orivaldo, F. Costa
Currently, different artificial intelligence techniques have been applied in power transformer protection purposes to discriminate internal faults from inrush currents and other disturbances. This paper proposes the application of a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, for distinguishing among internal faults, external faults, and transformer energizations in a power transformer. The event classifier is enabled through a disturbance detector, hence receiving as input features the first post-fault boundary wavelet differential energies, which are processed by the classifier during the training and set stages. Simulations of a 100 MVA rated power transformer using the Alternative Transients Program (ATP) were carried out. Hence considering a wide variety of the fault parameters, a performance analysis of the SVM classifier regarding the overall accuracy and the time of operation in discriminating the events was accomplished, and promising results were achieved.
{"title":"A Power Transformer Event Classification Technique Based on Support Vector Machine","authors":"L. D. Simões, B. L. Souza, H. J. Costa, R. P. de Medeiros, V. S. Orivaldo, F. Costa","doi":"10.1109/WCNPS50723.2020.9263773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNPS50723.2020.9263773","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, different artificial intelligence techniques have been applied in power transformer protection purposes to discriminate internal faults from inrush currents and other disturbances. This paper proposes the application of a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, for distinguishing among internal faults, external faults, and transformer energizations in a power transformer. The event classifier is enabled through a disturbance detector, hence receiving as input features the first post-fault boundary wavelet differential energies, which are processed by the classifier during the training and set stages. Simulations of a 100 MVA rated power transformer using the Alternative Transients Program (ATP) were carried out. Hence considering a wide variety of the fault parameters, a performance analysis of the SVM classifier regarding the overall accuracy and the time of operation in discriminating the events was accomplished, and promising results were achieved.","PeriodicalId":385668,"journal":{"name":"2020 Workshop on Communication Networks and Power Systems (WCNPS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133313348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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