Climate and solar radiation levels are two major environmental elements that affect the operation of photovoltaic (PV) pumping systems. Rising temperatures cause a decrease in PV modules' electrical efficiency because of the fall of fill factor and open-circuit voltage. They may also cause a decrease in motor efficiency because of the growing winding resistance losses. Besides, the increased photocurrent and power production of the PV array are caused by higher levels of solar irradiation, which makes the pump run at higher speeds or flow rates. To quantify these impacts and forecast system performance, precise modeling techniques and control laws are used such as MPPT, PWM and U/F in this paper. This paper presents solar performances and responses such as the flow of the pumped water, the PV power outputs, motor voltages, currents, speed and finally converter controls. However, although MPPT and PWM control laws improve the energy efficiency of the overall system, the simulation results show that the performance of the PV pumping system degrades when the temperature increases and the solar flux decreases, which will affect the autonomy of the PV system.
{"title":"Effects of Temperature and Solar Irradiation Variations on The Performances of Photovoltaic Pumping Systems","authors":"Moncef Jraidi, Adnen Cherif","doi":"10.54963/neea.v3i1.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54963/neea.v3i1.244","url":null,"abstract":"Climate and solar radiation levels are two major environmental elements that affect the operation of photovoltaic (PV) pumping systems. Rising temperatures cause a decrease in PV modules' electrical efficiency because of the fall of fill factor and open-circuit voltage. They may also cause a decrease in motor efficiency because of the growing winding resistance losses. Besides, the increased photocurrent and power production of the PV array are caused by higher levels of solar irradiation, which makes the pump run at higher speeds or flow rates. To quantify these impacts and forecast system performance, precise modeling techniques and control laws are used such as MPPT, PWM and U/F in this paper. This paper presents solar performances and responses such as the flow of the pumped water, the PV power outputs, motor voltages, currents, speed and finally converter controls. However, although MPPT and PWM control laws improve the energy efficiency of the overall system, the simulation results show that the performance of the PV pumping system degrades when the temperature increases and the solar flux decreases, which will affect the autonomy of the PV system.","PeriodicalId":387818,"journal":{"name":"New Energy Exploitation and Application","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141343217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Egwim Chidi Evans, Oluyemisi Omotayo Omonije, Isaac Poritmwa Gontul
Bioethanol is a renewable energy that is gaining popularity globally. It’s biochemical production requires the use of enzyme, especially cellulase. Cellulase is an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of cellulose and related polysaccharides which finds applications in food, textiles, detergents, biofuels etc. However, the worldwide use of cellulase is limited by its relatively high production costs and low biological activity. This study was design to locally produce biochar-chitosan beads at optimized conditions to immobilize cellulase for improved thermal and storage stability as well as ensure reusability of the enzyme so as to improve biological activity and avoid the continuous production of free cellulase thereby reducing the production cost. Biochar was produced by pyrolyzing sugarcane bagasse in a local airtight chamber for 1 hour. Beads were formed from different ratios of biochar and chitosan in varying concentrations of calcium chloride solution as generated by design expert software version 13. The beads were dried in an oven at 50 0C for 24 hours and functionalized in 25% glutaraldehyde (GDA). The beads were loaded with enzyme (10.06 µmole/min/mL) at room temperature (27 ± 3 oC). Enzyme activity, thermal stability, storage stability and reusability tests were carried out according to standard procedures. The half-life and activation energy were also evaluated. The result showed that the optimum activity of the loaded enzyme (2.63 µmole/min/mL) was obtained when 2.46 g of porous biochar was mixed with 2.48 g chitosan in 5 % Calcium chloride aqueous solution. The immobilized enzyme was able to maintain thermal stability between 30 oC and 70 oC while the activity for free enzyme started declining after 50 oC. Also, the activation energy for immobilized cellulase enzyme (23.17 KJ/mol) was lower than the activation energy (55.146 KJ/mol) for free cellulase. The half-life, when stored at ambient Temperature (27 ± 3 oC), for free enzyme was 0.4 days while the half-life for immobilized enzyme was 3.59 days. Therefore, cellulase immobilized on support locally produced at optimal conditions had improved catalytic properties when compared to the free enzyme. Hence, more indigenous materials and practices may be employed for a cost effective and cheaper industrial processes.
{"title":"Optimization of Matrix Components for Improved Catalytic Activities of Cellulase Immobilized on Biochar-Chitosan Beads","authors":"Egwim Chidi Evans, Oluyemisi Omotayo Omonije, Isaac Poritmwa Gontul","doi":"10.54963/neea.v3i1.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54963/neea.v3i1.249","url":null,"abstract":"Bioethanol is a renewable energy that is gaining popularity globally. It’s biochemical production requires the use of enzyme, especially cellulase. Cellulase is an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of cellulose and related polysaccharides which finds applications in food, textiles, detergents, biofuels etc. However, the worldwide use of cellulase is limited by its relatively high production costs and low biological activity. This study was design to locally produce biochar-chitosan beads at optimized conditions to immobilize cellulase for improved thermal and storage stability as well as ensure reusability of the enzyme so as to improve biological activity and avoid the continuous production of free cellulase thereby reducing the production cost. Biochar was produced by pyrolyzing sugarcane bagasse in a local airtight chamber for 1 hour. Beads were formed from different ratios of biochar and chitosan in varying concentrations of calcium chloride solution as generated by design expert software version 13. The beads were dried in an oven at 50 0C for 24 hours and functionalized in 25% glutaraldehyde (GDA). The beads were loaded with enzyme (10.06 µmole/min/mL) at room temperature (27 ± 3 oC). Enzyme activity, thermal stability, storage stability and reusability tests were carried out according to standard procedures. The half-life and activation energy were also evaluated. The result showed that the optimum activity of the loaded enzyme (2.63 µmole/min/mL) was obtained when 2.46 g of porous biochar was mixed with 2.48 g chitosan in 5 % Calcium chloride aqueous solution. The immobilized enzyme was able to maintain thermal stability between 30 oC and 70 oC while the activity for free enzyme started declining after 50 oC. Also, the activation energy for immobilized cellulase enzyme (23.17 KJ/mol) was lower than the activation energy (55.146 KJ/mol) for free cellulase. The half-life, when stored at ambient Temperature (27 ± 3 oC), for free enzyme was 0.4 days while the half-life for immobilized enzyme was 3.59 days. Therefore, cellulase immobilized on support locally produced at optimal conditions had improved catalytic properties when compared to the free enzyme. Hence, more indigenous materials and practices may be employed for a cost effective and cheaper industrial processes.","PeriodicalId":387818,"journal":{"name":"New Energy Exploitation and Application","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Amo Awuku, Amar Bennadji, F. Muhammad-Sukki, Radhakrishna Prabhu, N. Sellami
Consistent probing into building integrity has led to the exploration of clean energy options such as building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV). BIPV has proven to be aesthetically pleasing, architecturally feasible, and capable of making buildings energy producers instead of mere energy consumers. Despite the enormous benefits of BIPV, its adoption and diffusion have been relatively sluggish and remain far below expectations, especially in developing countries like Ghana. This empirical study aims to assess the impact of advertising on BIPV awareness in Ghana. It also highlights the aesthetic preferences of various respondents. The study uses online surveys to gather quantitative data from 412 respondents across all 16 regions of the country. An initial study conducted on the awareness of BIPV in Ghana indicated a low rate of awareness. Therefore, a sensitisation poster and architectural visualization (AV) were adopted to boost awareness across all 16 regions of the country. Awareness of BIPV increased from 18% to 79.5% after the introduction of the sensitisation poster. Also, 88.8% of the respondents preferred BIPV to Building Applied Photovoltaic (BAPV) mainly because of aesthetics (beauty) and the cost benefits. The respondents indicated that aesthetics is paramount when choosing solar panels for their homes. This study therefore recommends high investment in awareness creation, development of specific design guidelines for BIPV applications and establishment of demo projects in developing countries. The findings of this study contribute to the existing literature on BIPV adoption and may be useful for BIPV manufacturers, marketers, government, and other stakeholders as it provides evidence on the often-neglected approach to BIPV diffusion.
{"title":"Proposing an Approach for the Diffusion of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPVs)—A Case Study","authors":"Samuel Amo Awuku, Amar Bennadji, F. Muhammad-Sukki, Radhakrishna Prabhu, N. Sellami","doi":"10.54963/neea.v3i1.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54963/neea.v3i1.196","url":null,"abstract":"Consistent probing into building integrity has led to the exploration of clean energy options such as building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV). BIPV has proven to be aesthetically pleasing, architecturally feasible, and capable of making buildings energy producers instead of mere energy consumers. Despite the enormous benefits of BIPV, its adoption and diffusion have been relatively sluggish and remain far below expectations, especially in developing countries like Ghana. This empirical study aims to assess the impact of advertising on BIPV awareness in Ghana. It also highlights the aesthetic preferences of various respondents. The study uses online surveys to gather quantitative data from 412 respondents across all 16 regions of the country. An initial study conducted on the awareness of BIPV in Ghana indicated a low rate of awareness. Therefore, a sensitisation poster and architectural visualization (AV) were adopted to boost awareness across all 16 regions of the country. Awareness of BIPV increased from 18% to 79.5% after the introduction of the sensitisation poster. Also, 88.8% of the respondents preferred BIPV to Building Applied Photovoltaic (BAPV) mainly because of aesthetics (beauty) and the cost benefits. The respondents indicated that aesthetics is paramount when choosing solar panels for their homes. This study therefore recommends high investment in awareness creation, development of specific design guidelines for BIPV applications and establishment of demo projects in developing countries. The findings of this study contribute to the existing literature on BIPV adoption and may be useful for BIPV manufacturers, marketers, government, and other stakeholders as it provides evidence on the often-neglected approach to BIPV diffusion.","PeriodicalId":387818,"journal":{"name":"New Energy Exploitation and Application","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139809176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Amo Awuku, Amar Bennadji, F. Muhammad-Sukki, Radhakrishna Prabhu, N. Sellami
Consistent probing into building integrity has led to the exploration of clean energy options such as building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV). BIPV has proven to be aesthetically pleasing, architecturally feasible, and capable of making buildings energy producers instead of mere energy consumers. Despite the enormous benefits of BIPV, its adoption and diffusion have been relatively sluggish and remain far below expectations, especially in developing countries like Ghana. This empirical study aims to assess the impact of advertising on BIPV awareness in Ghana. It also highlights the aesthetic preferences of various respondents. The study uses online surveys to gather quantitative data from 412 respondents across all 16 regions of the country. An initial study conducted on the awareness of BIPV in Ghana indicated a low rate of awareness. Therefore, a sensitisation poster and architectural visualization (AV) were adopted to boost awareness across all 16 regions of the country. Awareness of BIPV increased from 18% to 79.5% after the introduction of the sensitisation poster. Also, 88.8% of the respondents preferred BIPV to Building Applied Photovoltaic (BAPV) mainly because of aesthetics (beauty) and the cost benefits. The respondents indicated that aesthetics is paramount when choosing solar panels for their homes. This study therefore recommends high investment in awareness creation, development of specific design guidelines for BIPV applications and establishment of demo projects in developing countries. The findings of this study contribute to the existing literature on BIPV adoption and may be useful for BIPV manufacturers, marketers, government, and other stakeholders as it provides evidence on the often-neglected approach to BIPV diffusion.
{"title":"Proposing an Approach for the Diffusion of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPVs)—A Case Study","authors":"Samuel Amo Awuku, Amar Bennadji, F. Muhammad-Sukki, Radhakrishna Prabhu, N. Sellami","doi":"10.54963/neea.v3i1.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54963/neea.v3i1.196","url":null,"abstract":"Consistent probing into building integrity has led to the exploration of clean energy options such as building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV). BIPV has proven to be aesthetically pleasing, architecturally feasible, and capable of making buildings energy producers instead of mere energy consumers. Despite the enormous benefits of BIPV, its adoption and diffusion have been relatively sluggish and remain far below expectations, especially in developing countries like Ghana. This empirical study aims to assess the impact of advertising on BIPV awareness in Ghana. It also highlights the aesthetic preferences of various respondents. The study uses online surveys to gather quantitative data from 412 respondents across all 16 regions of the country. An initial study conducted on the awareness of BIPV in Ghana indicated a low rate of awareness. Therefore, a sensitisation poster and architectural visualization (AV) were adopted to boost awareness across all 16 regions of the country. Awareness of BIPV increased from 18% to 79.5% after the introduction of the sensitisation poster. Also, 88.8% of the respondents preferred BIPV to Building Applied Photovoltaic (BAPV) mainly because of aesthetics (beauty) and the cost benefits. The respondents indicated that aesthetics is paramount when choosing solar panels for their homes. This study therefore recommends high investment in awareness creation, development of specific design guidelines for BIPV applications and establishment of demo projects in developing countries. The findings of this study contribute to the existing literature on BIPV adoption and may be useful for BIPV manufacturers, marketers, government, and other stakeholders as it provides evidence on the often-neglected approach to BIPV diffusion.","PeriodicalId":387818,"journal":{"name":"New Energy Exploitation and Application","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139868917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ho-Chuan Lin, Van Hoan Vu, Alfandy Tansyafri, Meng-Hao Chen
This study presents an innovative approach to enhancing thermal management in satellite applications by utilizing an embedded aluminum-ammonia heat pipes honeycomb sandwich panel (HPA-PNL) as a high-performance heat sink. The study focuses on developing and evaluating this advanced heat sink technology, addressing the challenges associated with assessing its performance and suitability for satellite use. The research explores the selection of materials and testing methodologies, highlighting the significance of overcoming existing limitations in the absence of standardized testing methods. The results of the thermal conductivity in Z-directions (KZ) indicated that the areas on top of the heat pipes show higher thermal conductivity than those on top of the honeycomb core. Also, the effect of background heat sources and different kinds of thermal interface material (TIM) on HPA-PNL performance is insignificant. The heat dissipation through the heat pipe is substantial, emphasizing the effective ability to dissipate heat for an HPA-PNL with many heat sources acting simultaneously. The outcomes of this study reveal promising testing methods for evaluating the KZ of the HPA-PNL, proposing the potential of the embedded aluminum-ammonia heat pipes honeycomb sandwich panel as a highly effective and efficient heat sink for satellite systems, thus contributing to the advancement of satellite technology.
{"title":"Optimizing Thermal Management: An Evaluation of Embedded Aluminum-Ammonia Heat Pipes Honeycomb Sandwich Panel as a Heat Sink for Satellite Use","authors":"Ho-Chuan Lin, Van Hoan Vu, Alfandy Tansyafri, Meng-Hao Chen","doi":"10.54963/neea.v3i1.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54963/neea.v3i1.210","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an innovative approach to enhancing thermal management in satellite applications by utilizing an embedded aluminum-ammonia heat pipes honeycomb sandwich panel (HPA-PNL) as a high-performance heat sink. The study focuses on developing and evaluating this advanced heat sink technology, addressing the challenges associated with assessing its performance and suitability for satellite use. The research explores the selection of materials and testing methodologies, highlighting the significance of overcoming existing limitations in the absence of standardized testing methods. The results of the thermal conductivity in Z-directions (KZ) indicated that the areas on top of the heat pipes show higher thermal conductivity than those on top of the honeycomb core. Also, the effect of background heat sources and different kinds of thermal interface material (TIM) on HPA-PNL performance is insignificant. The heat dissipation through the heat pipe is substantial, emphasizing the effective ability to dissipate heat for an HPA-PNL with many heat sources acting simultaneously. The outcomes of this study reveal promising testing methods for evaluating the KZ of the HPA-PNL, proposing the potential of the embedded aluminum-ammonia heat pipes honeycomb sandwich panel as a highly effective and efficient heat sink for satellite systems, thus contributing to the advancement of satellite technology.","PeriodicalId":387818,"journal":{"name":"New Energy Exploitation and Application","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139592913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Currie, Riley Cousins, Alexander Diplaris, Sebastian Drimer, M. Foley
To achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, Australia must decarbonise the energy sector and other sectors. The 'energy transition' is driven by policy-led construction of renewable infrastructure and regulation changes. However, no holistic analysis of the path forward currently exists. This research aims to develop a clear plan for Victoria's energy transition by evaluating three scenarios. A Business as Usual (BAU) scenario is compared against two alternative solutions. The alternates emulate two of Victoria's possible trajectories. Alternative 1 (ALT1) focuses on Victoria's reliance on imported interstate renewable energy, while Alternative 2 (ALT2) involves Victoria becoming self-sufficient through renewable generation. Each of the three scenarios is compared across four bottom lines: technical performance, social, economic, and environmental. Interviews among energy experts revealed that economic and social metrics were considered most important. Applying the n-bottom line (nBL) assessment framework delivers a result that finds ALT2 and ALT1 tied as the preferred solution. Hence, the construction of renewable infrastructure in Victoria and increased interstate transmission capacity should be built. Further research could include a deeper understanding of the embodied carbon in infrastructure built for the energy transition.
为了到2050年实现净零排放，澳大利亚必须使能源部门和其他部门脱碳。“能源转型”是由政策主导的可再生基础设施建设和监管变化推动的。然而，目前还没有对未来道路的全面分析。本研究旨在通过评估三种情景，为维多利亚州的能源转型制定一个明确的计划。将业务照常(BAU)场景与两个备选解决方案进行比较。候补队员模仿了维多利亚的两种可能的轨迹。替代方案1 (ALT1)侧重于维多利亚州对进口州际可再生能源的依赖，而替代方案2 (ALT2)涉及维多利亚州通过可再生能源发电实现自给自足。对这三种方案中的每一种都进行了四个底线的比较:技术性能、社会、经济和环境。对能源专家的采访显示，经济和社会指标被认为是最重要的。应用n-bottom line (nBL)评估框架提供的结果是，ALT2和ALT1作为首选解决方案被捆绑在一起。因此，应该在维多利亚州建设可再生能源基础设施，并增加州际输电能力。进一步的研究可以包括更深入地了解为能源转型而建设的基础设施所隐含的碳。
{"title":"Victoria’s Energy Transition using n Bottom Line Analysis","authors":"G. Currie, Riley Cousins, Alexander Diplaris, Sebastian Drimer, M. Foley","doi":"10.54963/neea.v2i2.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54963/neea.v2i2.116","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, Australia must decarbonise the energy sector and other sectors. The 'energy transition' is driven by policy-led construction of renewable infrastructure and regulation changes. However, no holistic analysis of the path forward currently exists. This research aims to develop a clear plan for Victoria's energy transition by evaluating three scenarios. A Business as Usual (BAU) scenario is compared against two alternative solutions. The alternates emulate two of Victoria's possible trajectories. Alternative 1 (ALT1) focuses on Victoria's reliance on imported interstate renewable energy, while Alternative 2 (ALT2) involves Victoria becoming self-sufficient through renewable generation. Each of the three scenarios is compared across four bottom lines: technical performance, social, economic, and environmental. Interviews among energy experts revealed that economic and social metrics were considered most important. Applying the n-bottom line (nBL) assessment framework delivers a result that finds ALT2 and ALT1 tied as the preferred solution. Hence, the construction of renewable infrastructure in Victoria and increased interstate transmission capacity should be built. Further research could include a deeper understanding of the embodied carbon in infrastructure built for the energy transition.","PeriodicalId":387818,"journal":{"name":"New Energy Exploitation and Application","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130408418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Designing the secure and privacy-protected smart power contract between electricity suppliers and consumers, considered agents, of different microgrids, is a challenging task in the networked- microgrid system. A framework is suggested in which each microgrid implements a heterogeneous or isomorphic blockchain based platform. The blockchain interoperability, inherently, is present in different blockchains implemented by various microgrids. This paper reviews the interoperability issues and smart contract designs in blockchain based systems. The paper proposes new mechanisms to cater blockchain interoperability challenges to facilitate the design of secure and seamless smart contracts among different blockchains of microgrids. A network hub of heterogeneous or isomorphic blockchains of network microgrids has been created. A methodology has been developed to transfer tokens between interoperable blockchains. Distributed identity-based microgrid (DIBM) scheme is incorporated to make the networked microgrid system secure and trustworthy. This paper suggests an effective consensus protocol for cross-chain architecture that improves the tokenization system and smart power contract designs. For simulation purposes, MATLAB and python programming have been used with real-time data of microgrids.
{"title":"Token-Based Smart Power Contract for Interoperable Blockchains of Networked Microgrid System","authors":"D. Sharma","doi":"10.54963/neea.v2i1.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54963/neea.v2i1.118","url":null,"abstract":"Designing the secure and privacy-protected smart power contract between electricity suppliers and consumers, considered agents, of different microgrids, is a challenging task in the networked- microgrid system. A framework is suggested in which each microgrid implements a heterogeneous or isomorphic blockchain based platform. The blockchain interoperability, inherently, is present in different blockchains implemented by various microgrids. This paper reviews the interoperability issues and smart contract designs in blockchain based systems. The paper proposes new mechanisms to cater blockchain interoperability challenges to facilitate the design of secure and seamless smart contracts among different blockchains of microgrids. A network hub of heterogeneous or isomorphic blockchains of network microgrids has been created. A methodology has been developed to transfer tokens between interoperable blockchains. Distributed identity-based microgrid (DIBM) scheme is incorporated to make the networked microgrid system secure and trustworthy. This paper suggests an effective consensus protocol for cross-chain architecture that improves the tokenization system and smart power contract designs. For simulation purposes, MATLAB and python programming have been used with real-time data of microgrids.","PeriodicalId":387818,"journal":{"name":"New Energy Exploitation and Application","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139355910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has proposed a series of strict pollutant emission regulations and carbon emission reduction targets, and the shipping industry is seeking new types of the marine main propulsion plant with advantages of high-efficiency and low-emission. Among the possible alternatives, the marine electric propulsion technology whose electric power source is fuel cell has gained sufficient attentions. At present, the worldwide research of the marine applications for fuel cell supplying propulsion power focuses more on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with low power instead of other types of fuel cell, and a series of research projects have achieved concrete results such as the industrialized marine fuel cell system or practical demonstration application. But the development trends of the application of the marine fuel cell supplying propulsion power are from the small boat to the great ship, from the navigating zone with low environmental complexity such as coastal water, inland waters to the ocean with complex navigation conditions. Thus, the power demand of the marine fuel cell in the future will show steady growth, which will create more development opportunities for the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with the advantages of higher power, greater efficiency, long life span and fuel diversity. Although some challenges exist, the solid oxide fuel cell with significant development potential can certainly lead the technical progress of the marine main propulsion plant in the context of energy conservation and emission reduction.
{"title":"Significant Development Potential of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for the Technical Progress of the Marine Main Propulsion Plant in the Context of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction","authors":"Xiaoyu Wang, Jianzhong Zhu, Minfang Han","doi":"10.54963/neea.v2i1.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54963/neea.v2i1.120","url":null,"abstract":"The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has proposed a series of strict pollutant emission regulations and carbon emission reduction targets, and the shipping industry is seeking new types of the marine main propulsion plant with advantages of high-efficiency and low-emission. Among the possible alternatives, the marine electric propulsion technology whose electric power source is fuel cell has gained sufficient attentions. At present, the worldwide research of the marine applications for fuel cell supplying propulsion power focuses more on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with low power instead of other types of fuel cell, and a series of research projects have achieved concrete results such as the industrialized marine fuel cell system or practical demonstration application. But the development trends of the application of the marine fuel cell supplying propulsion power are from the small boat to the great ship, from the navigating zone with low environmental complexity such as coastal water, inland waters to the ocean with complex navigation conditions. Thus, the power demand of the marine fuel cell in the future will show steady growth, which will create more development opportunities for the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with the advantages of higher power, greater efficiency, long life span and fuel diversity. Although some challenges exist, the solid oxide fuel cell with significant development potential can certainly lead the technical progress of the marine main propulsion plant in the context of energy conservation and emission reduction.","PeriodicalId":387818,"journal":{"name":"New Energy Exploitation and Application","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139361005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing demand for energy in the world and the environmental pollution caused by conventional chemical fuels constantly promote the development and utilization of new energy. As a kind of new energy, hydrogen is favored by countries all over the world because of its diverse sources, convenient storage and transportation, efficient utilization, and environmental friendliness [1] . However, hydrogen is flammable and explosive, which has a wide range of combustion, and deteriorates the mechanical properties of materials. There are hidden dangers such as leakage and explosion in the preparation, storage, transportation, filling, and use of hydrogen, so hydrogen safety is particularly important in the application and large-scale commercial promotion of hydrogen energy. Therefore, it is an important guarantee for the development and safe application of hydrogen energy technology to transition to a more sustainable stage by making clear the danger of hydrogen and conducting basic research on the consequences and prevention of hydrogen safety accidents, to provide a reliable basis for the formulation of relevant standards and regulations. At present, there is little research in the field of hydrogen safety in relevant institutions around the world, and only some milestones have been achieved. At present, the hydrogen safety research is still facing challenges, whose research status is mainly divided into three aspects, such as hydrogen leakage and diffusion [2] , hydrogen combustion and explosion [3] , and the compatibilitybetween hydrogen and metal materials [4] . There is still a need to make appropriate risk assessments for hydrogen safety, hydrogen safety research is still immature, and hydrogen safety issues still face challenges [5] . In the aspect of hydrogen leakage and diffusion, the influence of the shape of the leakage port, hydrogen concentration gradient, and air buoyancy on hydrogen leakage and diffusion still needs further study, and it is still difficult to establish a two-phase leakage model considering the non-ideal characteristics of liquid hydrogen. In terms of hydrogen combustion and explosion, the mechanism of flame acceleration and deflagration detonation transition is still unclear, and the mechanism and experimental study of hydrogen spontaneous combustion still need to be strengthened. As for the compatibility between hydrogen and metal materials, the test data of materials in a high-pressure hydrogen
{"title":"Hydrogen Safety for Hydrogen Energy Applications and Large-scale Commercialization","authors":"Jichao Hong","doi":"10.54963/neea.v1i3.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54963/neea.v1i3.96","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for energy in the world and the environmental pollution caused by conventional chemical fuels constantly promote the development and utilization of new energy. As a kind of new energy, hydrogen is favored by countries all over the world because of its diverse sources, convenient storage and transportation, efficient utilization, and environmental friendliness [1] . However, hydrogen is flammable and explosive, which has a wide range of combustion, and deteriorates the mechanical properties of materials. There are hidden dangers such as leakage and explosion in the preparation, storage, transportation, filling, and use of hydrogen, so hydrogen safety is particularly important in the application and large-scale commercial promotion of hydrogen energy. Therefore, it is an important guarantee for the development and safe application of hydrogen energy technology to transition to a more sustainable stage by making clear the danger of hydrogen and conducting basic research on the consequences and prevention of hydrogen safety accidents, to provide a reliable basis for the formulation of relevant standards and regulations. At present, there is little research in the field of hydrogen safety in relevant institutions around the world, and only some milestones have been achieved. At present, the hydrogen safety research is still facing challenges, whose research status is mainly divided into three aspects, such as hydrogen leakage and diffusion [2] , hydrogen combustion and explosion [3] , and the compatibilitybetween hydrogen and metal materials [4] . There is still a need to make appropriate risk assessments for hydrogen safety, hydrogen safety research is still immature, and hydrogen safety issues still face challenges [5] . In the aspect of hydrogen leakage and diffusion, the influence of the shape of the leakage port, hydrogen concentration gradient, and air buoyancy on hydrogen leakage and diffusion still needs further study, and it is still difficult to establish a two-phase leakage model considering the non-ideal characteristics of liquid hydrogen. In terms of hydrogen combustion and explosion, the mechanism of flame acceleration and deflagration detonation transition is still unclear, and the mechanism and experimental study of hydrogen spontaneous combustion still need to be strengthened. As for the compatibility between hydrogen and metal materials, the test data of materials in a high-pressure hydrogen","PeriodicalId":387818,"journal":{"name":"New Energy Exploitation and Application","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116355509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biomass transformation to fuel and platform chemicals is of an immense interest in the world. The thermochemical data for various reactions involved during biomass transformations to fuel components, fuels and platform chemicals has been investigated using highly accurate Gaussian-4 (G-4) method. Glucose to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) conversion is a two-step pathway, where first step, glucose isomerization to fructose is highly endothermic with high activation energies. 5-HMF upgradation can be carried through hydrogenation, oxidation, condensation and rehydration. Upgradation of HMF to fuel and value-added chemicals (VAC) is industrially important process that can reduce the demand of petrochemical based products. Thermochemical calculations predict the hydrogenation of 5-HMF to 2,5 dimethyl furan (2,5 DMF) is feasible and follow either pathways with dihydroxy methyl furan (DHMF) and methyl furan (MF) as intermediates. The total Gibb’s Free energy difference for the 5-HMF transformation to 2,5 DMF is highly exothermic. The condensation, rehydration and oxidation reactions of 5- HMF also predicted to be feasible and highly exothermic in nature, that can have potential application in industrial processes. Ethanol is mixed with petrol to run the vehicle on reduced fuel. Ethanol can be obtained from glucose following glycolysis pathway, breaking C-6 sugar to two C-3 sugars. Glyceraldehyde and pyruvic acid are the intermediates in the glycolysis cycle with positive Gibbs free energy change, hence require high temperature.
{"title":"Thermochemical property predictions in biomass transformation to fuel components and value-added chemicals","authors":"Firdaus Parveen, S. Upadhyayula","doi":"10.54963/neea.v1i3.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54963/neea.v1i3.70","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass transformation to fuel and platform chemicals is of an immense interest in the world. The thermochemical data for various reactions involved during biomass transformations to fuel components, fuels and platform chemicals has been investigated using highly accurate Gaussian-4 (G-4) method. Glucose to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) conversion is a two-step pathway, where first step, glucose isomerization to fructose is highly endothermic with high activation energies. 5-HMF upgradation can be carried through hydrogenation, oxidation, condensation and rehydration. Upgradation of HMF to fuel and value-added chemicals (VAC) is industrially important process that can reduce the demand of petrochemical based products. Thermochemical calculations predict the hydrogenation of 5-HMF to 2,5 dimethyl furan (2,5 DMF) is feasible and follow either pathways with dihydroxy methyl furan (DHMF) and methyl furan (MF) as intermediates. The total Gibb’s Free energy difference for the 5-HMF transformation to 2,5 DMF is highly exothermic. The condensation, rehydration and oxidation reactions of 5- HMF also predicted to be feasible and highly exothermic in nature, that can have potential application in industrial processes. Ethanol is mixed with petrol to run the vehicle on reduced fuel. Ethanol can be obtained from glucose following glycolysis pathway, breaking C-6 sugar to two C-3 sugars. Glyceraldehyde and pyruvic acid are the intermediates in the glycolysis cycle with positive Gibbs free energy change, hence require high temperature. ","PeriodicalId":387818,"journal":{"name":"New Energy Exploitation and Application","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129653481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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