Pub Date : 2021-04-24DOI: 10.1163/9789004463097_002
P. Virtanen, Pigga Keskitalo, Torjer A. Olsen
This chapter addresses the genealogy of Indigenous studies, and how it is conceptualized and practised in the Sámi context. It discusses the inclusion of Indigenous knowledges and Indigenous ways of doing research in academia, as well as the role of Indigenous research methodologies in this effort. We link our chapter to larger academic Indigenous discussions on the concepts of ‘knowledge’, ‘decolonization’, ‘research’ and ‘indigeniza-tion’. At the theoretical and practical levels these processes and initiatives have enabled researchers to shed light on Indigenous views on the past, the present, and the future, first of all in Indigenous societies, but also in academia. This chapter also addresses the challenges of moving between local and global levels. Indigenous research contexts are diverse and dynamic, and the key to creating dialogues, bridges, and collaboration, lies in this very diversity, complexity, and multivocality of Indigenous societies.
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Pub Date : 2021-04-24DOI: 10.1163/9789004463097_007
Jelena Porsanger, Irja Seurujärvi-Kari, Ragnhild Lydia Nystad
This chapter looks at Sámi women’s leadership and what contributed to its success. Inspired by Indigenous methodologies worldwide and Sámi orality, we have developed a method of muittašit ovttas ‘shared remembering’, for gathering information and conceptualizing Sámi women’s leaderships. This method allows us to conceive and reason in a systematic manner, as well as to interpret the lived experiences and strategic choices of female leaders. Secondly, we scrutinized and structured our research material drawing from the symbolism represented in a solju ‘round breastpin’: its interconnected Circle of values and the Circle of actions. It worked both as a method and theoretical tool for our analysis. The presentation and analysis of our research material follows the structure of the circles of solju. In this chapter, we describe and operational-ize these methods in a practice, bringing to the forefront the considerations about strategies, values, and actions of Sámi leadership from a Sámi perspective and by means of Sámi concepts. It opens up a space for further scholarly and public discussions about both Indigenous women’s leadership and the design of research methodologies from an Indigenous perspective. The proposed research methodology can be applied to other projects in Sámi research, but it can also inspire Indigenous research in other contexts.
{"title":"‘Shared Remembering’ as a Relational Indigenous Method in Conceptualization of Sámi Women’s Leadership","authors":"Jelena Porsanger, Irja Seurujärvi-Kari, Ragnhild Lydia Nystad","doi":"10.1163/9789004463097_007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004463097_007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at Sámi women’s leadership and what contributed to its success. Inspired by Indigenous methodologies worldwide and Sámi orality, we have developed a method of muittašit ovttas ‘shared remembering’, for gathering information and conceptualizing Sámi women’s leaderships. This method allows us to conceive and reason in a systematic manner, as well as to interpret the lived experiences and strategic choices of female leaders. Secondly, we scrutinized and structured our research material drawing from the symbolism represented in a solju ‘round breastpin’: its interconnected Circle of values and the Circle of actions. It worked both as a method and theoretical tool for our analysis. The presentation and analysis of our research material follows the structure of the circles of solju. In this chapter, we describe and operational-ize these methods in a practice, bringing to the forefront the considerations about strategies, values, and actions of Sámi leadership from a Sámi perspective and by means of Sámi concepts. It opens up a space for further scholarly and public discussions about both Indigenous women’s leadership and the design of research methodologies from an Indigenous perspective. The proposed research methodology can be applied to other projects in Sámi research, but it can also inspire Indigenous research in other contexts.","PeriodicalId":388732,"journal":{"name":"Indigenous Research Methodologies in Sámi and Global Contexts","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129345727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004463097_004
Pigga Keskitalo, Torkel Rasmussen, R. Rahko-Ravantti, Rauni Äärelä-Vihriälä
This chapter continues the discussion on an Indigenous research paradigm involving Indigenous research methodologies based on existing theories and the authors’ experience. We present our own experiences of conducting our PhD research projects in social sciences and teaching Sámi higher education programmes. We retrospectively evaluate the research processes we used in writing our PhD dissertations, with particular attention to how we implemented an Indigenous research methodology. The literature review demonstrates that Indigenous scholars frequently find that the Western research paradigm overpowers students’ research. We also found that, consciously or unconsciously, we as researchers fitted our own research projects into an Indigenous research paradigm when we conducted our research. There is a growing awareness in our research environments that Sámi research should be conducted in a different way than mainstream research is. We also see a need for an ongoing effort to develop supportive practices incorporating a structured awareness of Indigenous methodologies.
{"title":"Gáfestallan Talks of the Indigenous Research Paradigm in Sámi Research","authors":"Pigga Keskitalo, Torkel Rasmussen, R. Rahko-Ravantti, Rauni Äärelä-Vihriälä","doi":"10.1163/9789004463097_004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004463097_004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter continues the discussion on an Indigenous research paradigm involving Indigenous research methodologies based on existing theories and the authors’ experience. We present our own experiences of conducting our PhD research projects in social sciences and teaching Sámi higher education programmes. We retrospectively evaluate the research processes we used in writing our PhD dissertations, with particular attention to how we implemented an Indigenous research methodology. The literature review demonstrates that Indigenous scholars frequently find that the Western research paradigm overpowers students’ research. We also found that, consciously or unconsciously, we as researchers fitted our own research projects into an Indigenous research paradigm when we conducted our research. There is a growing awareness in our research environments that Sámi research should be conducted in a different way than mainstream research is. We also see a need for an ongoing effort to develop supportive practices incorporating a structured awareness of Indigenous methodologies.","PeriodicalId":388732,"journal":{"name":"Indigenous Research Methodologies in Sámi and Global Contexts","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130003026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004463097_005
Hanna Outakoski
Literacy research is the field of study that is interested in writing and reading, and in all activities, contexts, and ideas that are connected to texts, their production and interpretation. Withi ...
{"title":"Developing Literacy Research in Sápmi","authors":"Hanna Outakoski","doi":"10.1163/9789004463097_005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004463097_005","url":null,"abstract":"Literacy research is the field of study that is interested in writing and reading, and in all activities, contexts, and ideas that are connected to texts, their production and interpretation. Withi ...","PeriodicalId":388732,"journal":{"name":"Indigenous Research Methodologies in Sámi and Global Contexts","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121733614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004463097_009
A. Paksi, Ilona Kivinen
This chapter looks at how specific research methods are chosen when conducting research with Indigenous Peoples and how theoretical principles and approaches are manifested on the ground. The authors share their personal stories and reflect on their research practices based on their fieldwork experience with the North Sámi in Finland and Norway, and with the Khwe San in Namibia. The two Indigenous groups represent two markedly different contexts. However, the commonalities in the uphold-ing of cultural traditions allow researchers to reflect on methodological choices on shared grounds. Two sets of principles for conducting research in an Indigenous context are discussed, while the authors reflect on two main topics in more details; power relations and reciprocity. This chapter argues that principles such as methodological flexibility and the researcher’s relationships with the community members, cultural values and the research topic are vital elements of research carried out with Indigenous communities.
{"title":"Reflections on Power Relations and Reciprocity in the Field While Conducting Research with Indigenous Peoples","authors":"A. Paksi, Ilona Kivinen","doi":"10.1163/9789004463097_009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004463097_009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at how specific research methods are chosen when conducting research with Indigenous Peoples and how theoretical principles and approaches are manifested on the ground. The authors share their personal stories and reflect on their research practices based on their fieldwork experience with the North Sámi in Finland and Norway, and with the Khwe San in Namibia. The two Indigenous groups represent two markedly different contexts. However, the commonalities in the uphold-ing of cultural traditions allow researchers to reflect on methodological choices on shared grounds. Two sets of principles for conducting research in an Indigenous context are discussed, while the authors reflect on two main topics in more details; power relations and reciprocity. This chapter argues that principles such as methodological flexibility and the researcher’s relationships with the community members, cultural values and the research topic are vital elements of research carried out with Indigenous communities.","PeriodicalId":388732,"journal":{"name":"Indigenous Research Methodologies in Sámi and Global Contexts","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123973632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004463097_011
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004463097_011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004463097_011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388732,"journal":{"name":"Indigenous Research Methodologies in Sámi and Global Contexts","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126759165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004463097_010
{"title":"Kimapury Reflections","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004463097_010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004463097_010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388732,"journal":{"name":"Indigenous Research Methodologies in Sámi and Global Contexts","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131782403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004463097_006
H. Guttorm, Lea Kantonen, Britt Kramvig, Aili Pyhälä
{"title":"Decolonized Research-Storying","authors":"H. Guttorm, Lea Kantonen, Britt Kramvig, Aili Pyhälä","doi":"10.1163/9789004463097_006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004463097_006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388732,"journal":{"name":"Indigenous Research Methodologies in Sámi and Global Contexts","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132572203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004463097_003
{"title":"Sámi dutkama máttut","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004463097_003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004463097_003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388732,"journal":{"name":"Indigenous Research Methodologies in Sámi and Global Contexts","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122806054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004463097_008
Marja-Liisa Olthuis, Trond Trosterud, E. Sarivaara, Petter Morottaja, Eljas Niskanen
Aanaar Saami (Inari Sámi) literacy is weaker than that of majority languages in the sense that reading and writing Aanaar Saami is less common. In order to strengthen literacy, we argue for an approach that represents a methodology for participatory research from a community and an in-group perspective. We also discuss the implications this has for Indigenous research. The chapter presents a strategy for producing new readers and writers, both native and non-native. Whereas the language revitalisation process of the last decades has successfully created new speakers in the younger and middle generations, literacy is still lagging behind, and thus we prioritise strengthening literacy. The strategy, called Čyeti čälled, is a set of actions taken to encourage people to write, creating new domains for writing and supporting people in their writing processes. We argue that in order to succeed, revitalisation needs a pluralistic approach, including the involvement of all generations and the inclusion of both spoken and written language. Our point of view comes from within the AS community and language and the way we approach the language is by insisting that our revitalisation approach actually works and does not merely pay lip service to the revitalisation goal. We will describe the measures to recreate the missing writers’ generations and to activate them in their personal and communal writing processes. The paper describes a revitalisation programme, Čyeti čälled anarâškielân , initiated as a cooperation between Anarâškielâ servi (The Aanaar Saami Association)1 and the research group Giellatekno at The Arctic University of Norway (UiT). The programme creates new writing domains and strengthens existing ones.
{"title":"Strengthening the Literacy of an Indigenous Language Community","authors":"Marja-Liisa Olthuis, Trond Trosterud, E. Sarivaara, Petter Morottaja, Eljas Niskanen","doi":"10.1163/9789004463097_008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004463097_008","url":null,"abstract":"Aanaar Saami (Inari Sámi) literacy is weaker than that of majority languages in the sense that reading and writing Aanaar Saami is less common. In order to strengthen literacy, we argue for an approach that represents a methodology for participatory research from a community and an in-group perspective. We also discuss the implications this has for Indigenous research. The chapter presents a strategy for producing new readers and writers, both native and non-native. Whereas the language revitalisation process of the last decades has successfully created new speakers in the younger and middle generations, literacy is still lagging behind, and thus we prioritise strengthening literacy. The strategy, called Čyeti čälled, is a set of actions taken to encourage people to write, creating new domains for writing and supporting people in their writing processes. We argue that in order to succeed, revitalisation needs a pluralistic approach, including the involvement of all generations and the inclusion of both spoken and written language. Our point of view comes from within the AS community and language and the way we approach the language is by insisting that our revitalisation approach actually works and does not merely pay lip service to the revitalisation goal. We will describe the measures to recreate the missing writers’ generations and to activate them in their personal and communal writing processes. The paper describes a revitalisation programme, Čyeti čälled anarâškielân , initiated as a cooperation between Anarâškielâ servi (The Aanaar Saami Association)1 and the research group Giellatekno at The Arctic University of Norway (UiT). The programme creates new writing domains and strengthens existing ones.","PeriodicalId":388732,"journal":{"name":"Indigenous Research Methodologies in Sámi and Global Contexts","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125689332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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