Pub Date : 2019-03-05DOI: 10.1504/IJPL.2019.10019454
Chinedu Justin Efe
This article reflects on the property settlement provisions under Section 72 of the Nigerian Matrimonial Causes Act No. 18 of 1970 Cap M7 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 2004. Noting that the said section was adapted from Section 86 of the repealed Australian Matrimonial Causes Act No. 104 of 1959 (Cth), it makes a comparative analysis of both provisions. It makes a finding that there exists a difference in the interpretation and application of the property settlement provisions in both countries. It notes that in Australia, under the repealed act and the extant law [ (the Family Law Act No. 59 of 1975 (Cth) ], there has been a change in emphasis from making property settlement orders only within the purview of spousal maintenance orders to the alteration of property rights. In contrast, Nigerian courts have shown that besides settling property on a spouse as a means of making maintenance orders, they are not empowered to alter the property interests of spouses by way of making a redistribution order. In this light, the article calls for a rethink of the law in Nigeria so as to reflect the true proprietary relationship of spouses on marriage breakdown.
{"title":"An appraisal of the property settlement provisions under the Nigerian Matrimonial Causes Act: lessons from Australia","authors":"Chinedu Justin Efe","doi":"10.1504/IJPL.2019.10019454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPL.2019.10019454","url":null,"abstract":"This article reflects on the property settlement provisions under Section 72 of the Nigerian Matrimonial Causes Act No. 18 of 1970 Cap M7 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 2004. Noting that the said section was adapted from Section 86 of the repealed Australian Matrimonial Causes Act No. 104 of 1959 (Cth), it makes a comparative analysis of both provisions. It makes a finding that there exists a difference in the interpretation and application of the property settlement provisions in both countries. It notes that in Australia, under the repealed act and the extant law [ (the Family Law Act No. 59 of 1975 (Cth) ], there has been a change in emphasis from making property settlement orders only within the purview of spousal maintenance orders to the alteration of property rights. In contrast, Nigerian courts have shown that besides settling property on a spouse as a means of making maintenance orders, they are not empowered to alter the property interests of spouses by way of making a redistribution order. In this light, the article calls for a rethink of the law in Nigeria so as to reflect the true proprietary relationship of spouses on marriage breakdown.","PeriodicalId":39023,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Private Law","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85943156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-05DOI: 10.1504/IJPL.2019.10019433
Saloni Khanderia
The Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements (the HCCA) that came into effect on 1 October 2015, fundamentally regulates forum-selection clauses in international civil and commercial agreements and the manner in which, the courts of Contracting States shall enforce them. Although India is a member of the Hague Conference, it is yet to sign and ratify the HCCA. In the domestic realm, matters pertaining to jurisdiction are governed in India by the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) 1908, with there being no particular provision to regulate the enforcement of forum-selection clauses in international matters. This article rummages to find whether Indian courts correspondingly enforce forum-selection clauses in international civil and commercial agreements, so as to suspend or dismiss proceedings in circumstances where the parties have made a choice in favour of an international court. Accordingly, it demonstrates the basis on which, Indian courts would uphold exclusive choice of court agreements in international civil and commercial matters, to draw the complementarities, if any, that exist in this respect, between the HCCA and Indian private international law.
{"title":"The Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements and the enforcement of forum-selection clauses in Indian private international law","authors":"Saloni Khanderia","doi":"10.1504/IJPL.2019.10019433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPL.2019.10019433","url":null,"abstract":"The Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements (the HCCA) that came into effect on 1 October 2015, fundamentally regulates forum-selection clauses in international civil and commercial agreements and the manner in which, the courts of Contracting States shall enforce them. Although India is a member of the Hague Conference, it is yet to sign and ratify the HCCA. In the domestic realm, matters pertaining to jurisdiction are governed in India by the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) 1908, with there being no particular provision to regulate the enforcement of forum-selection clauses in international matters. This article rummages to find whether Indian courts correspondingly enforce forum-selection clauses in international civil and commercial agreements, so as to suspend or dismiss proceedings in circumstances where the parties have made a choice in favour of an international court. Accordingly, it demonstrates the basis on which, Indian courts would uphold exclusive choice of court agreements in international civil and commercial matters, to draw the complementarities, if any, that exist in this respect, between the HCCA and Indian private international law.","PeriodicalId":39023,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Private Law","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88046305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJPL.2018.10012900
H. Coetzee, C. V. Sittert
A wage garnishment order is an effective and widely used method to collect judgment debts where the debtor is employed in the formal sector. However, procedures whereby the orders are obtained should be carefully drafted to curb possible abuses. In South Africa, the circumstances under which such orders could be obtained led to abuse of the process in practice, with sometimes tragic consequences. Fortunately, the South African Apex Court confirmed the unconstitutionality of the aspects of the procedure that led to abuse of the process. Also, the Department of Justice and Correctional Services introduced an act, which mainly seeks to amend the procedure to address abuses in the debt recovery system. This contribution reflects on these developments against the backdrop of the present socioeconomic circumstances in South Africa. Some comparative research was done which is also considered. The ultimate aim of the contribution is to determine whether South Africa has adequately transformed its wage garnishment landscape to curb abuse.
{"title":"Reflections on recent developments regarding wage garnishment in South Africa","authors":"H. Coetzee, C. V. Sittert","doi":"10.1504/IJPL.2018.10012900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPL.2018.10012900","url":null,"abstract":"A wage garnishment order is an effective and widely used method to collect judgment debts where the debtor is employed in the formal sector. However, procedures whereby the orders are obtained should be carefully drafted to curb possible abuses. In South Africa, the circumstances under which such orders could be obtained led to abuse of the process in practice, with sometimes tragic consequences. Fortunately, the South African Apex Court confirmed the unconstitutionality of the aspects of the procedure that led to abuse of the process. Also, the Department of Justice and Correctional Services introduced an act, which mainly seeks to amend the procedure to address abuses in the debt recovery system. This contribution reflects on these developments against the backdrop of the present socioeconomic circumstances in South Africa. Some comparative research was done which is also considered. The ultimate aim of the contribution is to determine whether South Africa has adequately transformed its wage garnishment landscape to curb abuse.","PeriodicalId":39023,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Private Law","volume":"300 1","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73796238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJPL.2018.097328
Caroline B. Ncube
This paper considers how the principle of technology neutrality could be applied in copyright law to inform legislative provisions and court decisions on infringement in the digital environment. It specifically examines Canadian and South African legislative and judicial approaches to user generated content (UGC) and to news aggregation. This discussion encompasses the use of exceptions and limitations to cater for these, and other, online practices. It finds that the Canadian UGC exception was necessitated by the fact that the enumerated purposes of the fair dealing exception do not extend to UGC. Therefore, it recommends the introduction of a UGC exception to South African law, if the current fair dealing exception is retained. In contrast, jurisdictions that have the broader and more flexible fair use exception do not require a specific UGC exception. News aggregation is covered by enumerated fair dealing purposes in South Africa, therefore no legislative amendments are recommended.
{"title":"Online copyright infringement, techno-cultural creations and the copyright-technology nexus","authors":"Caroline B. Ncube","doi":"10.1504/IJPL.2018.097328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPL.2018.097328","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers how the principle of technology neutrality could be applied in copyright law to inform legislative provisions and court decisions on infringement in the digital environment. It specifically examines Canadian and South African legislative and judicial approaches to user generated content (UGC) and to news aggregation. This discussion encompasses the use of exceptions and limitations to cater for these, and other, online practices. It finds that the Canadian UGC exception was necessitated by the fact that the enumerated purposes of the fair dealing exception do not extend to UGC. Therefore, it recommends the introduction of a UGC exception to South African law, if the current fair dealing exception is retained. In contrast, jurisdictions that have the broader and more flexible fair use exception do not require a specific UGC exception. News aggregation is covered by enumerated fair dealing purposes in South Africa, therefore no legislative amendments are recommended.","PeriodicalId":39023,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Private Law","volume":"64 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91237239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijpl.2018.10015913
Kristianto Pustaha Halomoan
{"title":"International Trade Law and Domestic Policy in Indonesia as Developing Countries a lesson learn from Indonesian Mining Policy","authors":"Kristianto Pustaha Halomoan","doi":"10.1504/ijpl.2018.10015913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpl.2018.10015913","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39023,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Private Law","volume":"6 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79724388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJPL.2018.097330
L. Poli
The paper considers the role of international human rights law in regulating artificial reproductive technologies (ART), both from the perspective of the law-making process and of the law interpretation by international human rights courts. In addressing these two profiles, the author explores a double dimension: on the one hand, the limits to ART in order to respect human dignity and/or to protect the embryo; on the other, the need to balance conflicting interests arising from the application of ART. The study reveals that the international law-making process on ART is at a very early stage, while human rights courts play a prominent role in ruling on these technologies. As its case law demonstrates, the European Court of Human Rights elaborates argumentative ploys to back its conclusions. In doing so, it expresses ethical stances capable of influencing the moral debate on divisive topics.
{"title":"Artificial reproductive technologies and international law: the role of human rights","authors":"L. Poli","doi":"10.1504/IJPL.2018.097330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPL.2018.097330","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the role of international human rights law in regulating artificial reproductive technologies (ART), both from the perspective of the law-making process and of the law interpretation by international human rights courts. In addressing these two profiles, the author explores a double dimension: on the one hand, the limits to ART in order to respect human dignity and/or to protect the embryo; on the other, the need to balance conflicting interests arising from the application of ART. The study reveals that the international law-making process on ART is at a very early stage, while human rights courts play a prominent role in ruling on these technologies. As its case law demonstrates, the European Court of Human Rights elaborates argumentative ploys to back its conclusions. In doing so, it expresses ethical stances capable of influencing the moral debate on divisive topics.","PeriodicalId":39023,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Private Law","volume":"25 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90652992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJPL.2018.10018452
H. Kawadza
One of the constraints to economic development in emerging economies has to do with unavailability of capital to fund economic activities. It is not surprising therefore that most jurisdictions have come up with mechanisms that are aimed at arresting capital leakages out of their borders. Such strategies include stringent regulation of capital mobility. Much as that approach is economically laudable, it nonetheless conflicts with the financial liberalisation agenda that most of these countries have subscribed to. In South Africa, the recent case of South African Reserve Bank and Another v Shuttleworth and Another rekindled this debate. This article is an attempt to ride on the waves that this judgment has created so as to add to the conversation about the necessity or otherwise, of regulation capital outflows within the South African context in particular and in emerging economies in general. As such, this is a discussion about a conflict. A conflict between two contrasting scholarships; one advocating for the preservation of capital controls, and the other intensely agitating for capital account liberalisation.
{"title":"Financial liberalisation versus the regulation of capital outflows: reflections on capital movement restrictions in South Africa on the backdrop of South African Reserve Bank and Another v Shuttleworth and Another 2015 (5) SA 146 (CC)","authors":"H. Kawadza","doi":"10.1504/IJPL.2018.10018452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPL.2018.10018452","url":null,"abstract":"One of the constraints to economic development in emerging economies has to do with unavailability of capital to fund economic activities. It is not surprising therefore that most jurisdictions have come up with mechanisms that are aimed at arresting capital leakages out of their borders. Such strategies include stringent regulation of capital mobility. Much as that approach is economically laudable, it nonetheless conflicts with the financial liberalisation agenda that most of these countries have subscribed to. In South Africa, the recent case of South African Reserve Bank and Another v Shuttleworth and Another rekindled this debate. This article is an attempt to ride on the waves that this judgment has created so as to add to the conversation about the necessity or otherwise, of regulation capital outflows within the South African context in particular and in emerging economies in general. As such, this is a discussion about a conflict. A conflict between two contrasting scholarships; one advocating for the preservation of capital controls, and the other intensely agitating for capital account liberalisation.","PeriodicalId":39023,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Private Law","volume":"82 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80308824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJPL.2018.097331
Sunita Tripathy
With growing instances of deficiency in services in the e-commerce sector in India, this paper discusses the legal aspects with regard to liability, if any, of a digital aggregator operating via a third-party marketplace model. The main objective of the paper is to make policy suggestions that can prevent such aberrations and improve regulation of the sector as a whole. While doing so, the good practices adopted by Amazon India is explained as a case study and emphasised that it is worthwhile to treat digital aggregators as 'agents of e-commerce' than mere intermediaries. The paper envisages that disputes atypical to the sector require newer approaches in the nature of a novel e-adjudicatory system and a consumer regulatory authority having specialised expertise ought to encourage the digital aggregators to take a proactive role in making the online marketplace a reliable and wholesome experience for all stakeholders.
{"title":"Good governance for consumer welfare and accountability in the age of digital aggregators: the case of Amazon India","authors":"Sunita Tripathy","doi":"10.1504/IJPL.2018.097331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPL.2018.097331","url":null,"abstract":"With growing instances of deficiency in services in the e-commerce sector in India, this paper discusses the legal aspects with regard to liability, if any, of a digital aggregator operating via a third-party marketplace model. The main objective of the paper is to make policy suggestions that can prevent such aberrations and improve regulation of the sector as a whole. While doing so, the good practices adopted by Amazon India is explained as a case study and emphasised that it is worthwhile to treat digital aggregators as 'agents of e-commerce' than mere intermediaries. The paper envisages that disputes atypical to the sector require newer approaches in the nature of a novel e-adjudicatory system and a consumer regulatory authority having specialised expertise ought to encourage the digital aggregators to take a proactive role in making the online marketplace a reliable and wholesome experience for all stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":39023,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Private Law","volume":"62 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72779434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJPL.2018.097329
S. Papadopoulos
The OECD urges regulators to strengthen consumer protection for users of electronic payment systems, by ensuring that there are minimum levels of payment protection and that the protection applies uniformly. South Africa does not have dedicated legislation for electronic payments like the European Union's Payment Services Directives. The consequence is that the consumer carries a disproportionate amount of risk and when they resort to litigation it does not produce consistent results. The primary aim of this paper is to elucidate on the problems faced by these consumers through a short synapsis of South African court decisions. This position is in sharp contrast to the EU where among others the PSD2 aims to make payments more secure and to protect consumers. This paper's secondary aim is to explain how the EU is addressing the issues of refund rights for consumers, the rights and duties of consumers and payment institutions alike within the electronic payments arena.
{"title":"A consumer's case for regulating electronic credit and debit transfers in South Africa","authors":"S. Papadopoulos","doi":"10.1504/IJPL.2018.097329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPL.2018.097329","url":null,"abstract":"The OECD urges regulators to strengthen consumer protection for users of electronic payment systems, by ensuring that there are minimum levels of payment protection and that the protection applies uniformly. South Africa does not have dedicated legislation for electronic payments like the European Union's Payment Services Directives. The consequence is that the consumer carries a disproportionate amount of risk and when they resort to litigation it does not produce consistent results. The primary aim of this paper is to elucidate on the problems faced by these consumers through a short synapsis of South African court decisions. This position is in sharp contrast to the EU where among others the PSD2 aims to make payments more secure and to protect consumers. This paper's secondary aim is to explain how the EU is addressing the issues of refund rights for consumers, the rights and duties of consumers and payment institutions alike within the electronic payments arena.","PeriodicalId":39023,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Private Law","volume":"24 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73953247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-16DOI: 10.1504/IJPL.2017.10008257
A. Barratt
South Africa's highest courts recently abolished the common law action for adultery. In 2014, the Supreme Court of Appeal abolished the action on the ground that the conduct did not satisfy the wrongfulness requirement for delictual liability In 2015, the Constitutional Court confirmed abolition of the adultery remedy on constitutional grounds. These judgments did not consider the customary law adultery actions. South Africa's customary law systems will retain their adultery remedies unless these actions are also abolished. The Supreme Court of Appeal's reasoning might not be applicable to the customary law actions. It is also not certain that the Constitutional Court's reasoning will necessarily have the outcome that customary law actions for adultery must be abolished on constitutional grounds. It might be possible to argue that the sexual delicts in customary law are integrally linked to traditional customary marriage and thus protected by the constitutional right to culture. However, this argument appears weak in the context of the adultery remedy, as that remedy is not linked to core features of traditional culture. Thus the customary law action for adultery should also be abolished on constitutional grounds.
{"title":"The South African action for adultery - common law, customary law, and constitutional perspectives","authors":"A. Barratt","doi":"10.1504/IJPL.2017.10008257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPL.2017.10008257","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa's highest courts recently abolished the common law action for adultery. In 2014, the Supreme Court of Appeal abolished the action on the ground that the conduct did not satisfy the wrongfulness requirement for delictual liability In 2015, the Constitutional Court confirmed abolition of the adultery remedy on constitutional grounds. These judgments did not consider the customary law adultery actions. South Africa's customary law systems will retain their adultery remedies unless these actions are also abolished. The Supreme Court of Appeal's reasoning might not be applicable to the customary law actions. It is also not certain that the Constitutional Court's reasoning will necessarily have the outcome that customary law actions for adultery must be abolished on constitutional grounds. It might be possible to argue that the sexual delicts in customary law are integrally linked to traditional customary marriage and thus protected by the constitutional right to culture. However, this argument appears weak in the context of the adultery remedy, as that remedy is not linked to core features of traditional culture. Thus the customary law action for adultery should also be abolished on constitutional grounds.","PeriodicalId":39023,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Private Law","volume":"103 1","pages":"237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75290566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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