Aluminium based Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) with particles reinforcement are well known materials with some positive features, such as light weight and high strength, but they present problems in chip removal processes because of their high abrasive nature. The paper presents a comparison between threads machined with traditional manufacturing processes and with laser technology, evaluating the dimensions and geometry of the threads. The analyzed materials are a non-reinforced aluminium alloy and two types of MMCs, with silicon and boron carbide particles reinforcement. Furthermore, benefits and difficulties of using the indicated machining technologies to produce threads are presented.
{"title":"On the manufacturability of MMC threads by means of laser technology","authors":"C. Biffi, E. Capello, B. Previtali","doi":"10.1117/12.813853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.813853","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium based Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) with particles reinforcement are well known materials with some positive features, such as light weight and high strength, but they present problems in chip removal processes because of their high abrasive nature. The paper presents a comparison between threads machined with traditional manufacturing processes and with laser technology, evaluating the dimensions and geometry of the threads. The analyzed materials are a non-reinforced aluminium alloy and two types of MMCs, with silicon and boron carbide particles reinforcement. Furthermore, benefits and difficulties of using the indicated machining technologies to produce threads are presented.","PeriodicalId":390439,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Laser Applications: INDLAS","volume":"1161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115985947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper is presenting the efforts developed in INFLPR to improve the thin films technologies to obtain utility products: sensors, photovoltaics, biocompatible coatings for medical applications, etc.A review of the different methods to obtain thin films, which characteristics depend on the technological method used are comparatively discussed. The main interest is focussed on the activities dedicated to achieve solar cells by using new substrates, different than Si and a structure of multilayers in order to improve the efficiency.
{"title":"Thin films technologies for utility devices","authors":"V. R. Medianu, C. Timus, L. Boroica","doi":"10.1117/12.801924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.801924","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is presenting the efforts developed in INFLPR to improve the thin films technologies to obtain utility products: sensors, photovoltaics, biocompatible coatings for medical applications, etc.A review of the different methods to obtain thin films, which characteristics depend on the technological method used are comparatively discussed. The main interest is focussed on the activities dedicated to achieve solar cells by using new substrates, different than Si and a structure of multilayers in order to improve the efficiency.","PeriodicalId":390439,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Laser Applications: INDLAS","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121122307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Popescu, N. Mirchin, I. Lapsker, P. Notingher, I. Mihăilescu, A. Peled
In this work, nanometer thickness dielectric layers deposited from colloid solutions using irradiation with Short Wavelength (SW) in the visible domain have been investigated by the Differential Evanescent Light Intensity (DELI) method. A high intensity UV filtered irradiation lamp was used for photodepositing nano-layers, directly on glass substrates serving as waveguides. The amorphous Selenium (a-Se) nanometric thin layers were deposited as circular zones of about ~ 1 cm2 area. Polypropylene and Polyethylene compounds melted on glass waveguides were also analyzed by DELI.
{"title":"Optical differential evanesent investigation of nanometric dielectric materials morphology on waveguides","authors":"S. Popescu, N. Mirchin, I. Lapsker, P. Notingher, I. Mihăilescu, A. Peled","doi":"10.1117/12.801932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.801932","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, nanometer thickness dielectric layers deposited from colloid solutions using irradiation with Short Wavelength (SW) in the visible domain have been investigated by the Differential Evanescent Light Intensity (DELI) method. A high intensity UV filtered irradiation lamp was used for photodepositing nano-layers, directly on glass substrates serving as waveguides. The amorphous Selenium (a-Se) nanometric thin layers were deposited as circular zones of about ~ 1 cm2 area. Polypropylene and Polyethylene compounds melted on glass waveguides were also analyzed by DELI.","PeriodicalId":390439,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Laser Applications: INDLAS","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130592604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We show that the efficiency of high harmonic generation in nonlinear Thomson scattering is strongly increased in relativistic regime. This is why the Thompson scattering mechanism is more competitive compared to the standard mechanisms for the high harmonic generation at the interaction between ultra intense laser beams and electron plasmas.
{"title":"Relativistic nonlinear Thomson scattering as a coherent source of high harmonic generation in interactions between very intense laser beams and plasmas","authors":"A. Popa","doi":"10.1117/12.801931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.801931","url":null,"abstract":"We show that the efficiency of high harmonic generation in nonlinear Thomson scattering is strongly increased in relativistic regime. This is why the Thompson scattering mechanism is more competitive compared to the standard mechanisms for the high harmonic generation at the interaction between ultra intense laser beams and electron plasmas.","PeriodicalId":390439,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Laser Applications: INDLAS","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131298051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Output performances of Nd-based lasers that were pumped with diode lasers directly into the 4F3/2 emitting level has been investigated at various wavelengths of emission. The end-pumping scheme was used to demonstrate efficient laser emission in the watt-range at 0.94 µm, 1.06 µm and 1.34 µm in Nd:YAG pumped at 885 nm. Nd:YVO4 and Nd:GdVO4 thin-disk lasers with high power emission at 1.06 µm were realized under multi-pass pumping at 880 nm, and for the first time laser emission at 0.91 µm was achieved in this configuration. Intracavity frequency-doubled lasers with emission in the green and blue spectral ranges were obtained. Thus, an end-pumped Nd:GdVO4 laser with 5 W output power at 0.53 µm, and Nd:YVO4 and Nd:GdVO4 thin-disk lasers with output power in excess of 4 W at 0.53 µm were realized. Nd-vanadates thin-disk lasers with ~1 W power into 0.45 µm 'deep-blue' visible spectra were demonstrated. Comparative results with the traditional pumping at 0.81 µm into the highly absorbing 4F5/2 level are presented, proving the advantage of the direct 4F3/2 pumping.
{"title":"High-power continuous-wave Nd lasers under dioide pumping directly into the 4F3/2 emitting level","authors":"N. Pavel, V. Lupei","doi":"10.1117/12.801929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.801929","url":null,"abstract":"Output performances of Nd-based lasers that were pumped with diode lasers directly into the 4F3/2 emitting level has been investigated at various wavelengths of emission. The end-pumping scheme was used to demonstrate efficient laser emission in the watt-range at 0.94 µm, 1.06 µm and 1.34 µm in Nd:YAG pumped at 885 nm. Nd:YVO4 and Nd:GdVO4 thin-disk lasers with high power emission at 1.06 µm were realized under multi-pass pumping at 880 nm, and for the first time laser emission at 0.91 µm was achieved in this configuration. Intracavity frequency-doubled lasers with emission in the green and blue spectral ranges were obtained. Thus, an end-pumped Nd:GdVO4 laser with 5 W output power at 0.53 µm, and Nd:YVO4 and Nd:GdVO4 thin-disk lasers with output power in excess of 4 W at 0.53 µm were realized. Nd-vanadates thin-disk lasers with ~1 W power into 0.45 µm 'deep-blue' visible spectra were demonstrated. Comparative results with the traditional pumping at 0.81 µm into the highly absorbing 4F5/2 level are presented, proving the advantage of the direct 4F3/2 pumping.","PeriodicalId":390439,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Laser Applications: INDLAS","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133782846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper I present some techniques by which MEMS structures with sub-wavelength resolution can be obtained when using laser lithography. I concentrate on two major techniques: single photon and multi-photon absorption processes.
{"title":"Sub-wavelength resolution laser lithography in the field of MEMS","authors":"G. Moagăr-Poladian","doi":"10.1117/12.801971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.801971","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I present some techniques by which MEMS structures with sub-wavelength resolution can be obtained when using laser lithography. I concentrate on two major techniques: single photon and multi-photon absorption processes.","PeriodicalId":390439,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Laser Applications: INDLAS","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133736599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the results of the experimental research regarding the microwelding of stainless steel by pulsed Nd :YAG laser (STARWELD PERFORMANCE SWP 6002 - ROFIN). The analytical and experimental investigation on laser weldability of a stainless steel allowed to draw the following conclusions. The micro-welds produced by the optimized Nd: YAG laser parameters featured a narrow and regular weld metal zone devoid of any solidification and shrinkage defects. The as weld metal structure was made up of elongated ferrite graints with limited amount of austenite, mainly located at grain boundaries.
{"title":"Micro-welding of stainless steel by pulsed Nd: YAG laser","authors":"O. Donţu, S. Ganatsios, D. Besnea, P. Beca","doi":"10.1117/12.802020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.802020","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of the experimental research regarding the microwelding of stainless steel by pulsed Nd :YAG laser (STARWELD PERFORMANCE SWP 6002 - ROFIN). The analytical and experimental investigation on laser weldability of a stainless steel allowed to draw the following conclusions. The micro-welds produced by the optimized Nd: YAG laser parameters featured a narrow and regular weld metal zone devoid of any solidification and shrinkage defects. The as weld metal structure was made up of elongated ferrite graints with limited amount of austenite, mainly located at grain boundaries.","PeriodicalId":390439,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Laser Applications: INDLAS","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121940128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Apostol, D. Apostol, V. Damian, I. Iordache, F. Garoi, E. Capello
In micro- and nano- device fabrication technology, localized material removal is one of the basic operations for structure formation. Classical methods for structure formation on the surface of a silicon wafer are based mainly on chemical processing, starting with photo etching, chemical etching, and chemical-mechanical linearization. In order to propose new methods of higher quality from the point of view of both environment protection and processing quality, we have studied the possibility of thin films controlled removal under the action of laser radiation. We are presenting some qualitative results of laser induced surface removal of polymer thin films, of interest for microelectronic industry (e.g. photoresist), under the action of different laser sources. As laser sources we have used the most spread and commercially available laser systems with different wavelengths and pulse lengths in order to compare their action on the surfaces and to establish the characteristic parameters for removal of thin layers for surface cleaning.
{"title":"Laser removal of thin layers for surface cleaning","authors":"I. Apostol, D. Apostol, V. Damian, I. Iordache, F. Garoi, E. Capello","doi":"10.1117/12.801968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.801968","url":null,"abstract":"In micro- and nano- device fabrication technology, localized material removal is one of the basic operations for structure formation. Classical methods for structure formation on the surface of a silicon wafer are based mainly on chemical processing, starting with photo etching, chemical etching, and chemical-mechanical linearization. In order to propose new methods of higher quality from the point of view of both environment protection and processing quality, we have studied the possibility of thin films controlled removal under the action of laser radiation. We are presenting some qualitative results of laser induced surface removal of polymer thin films, of interest for microelectronic industry (e.g. photoresist), under the action of different laser sources. As laser sources we have used the most spread and commercially available laser systems with different wavelengths and pulse lengths in order to compare their action on the surfaces and to establish the characteristic parameters for removal of thin layers for surface cleaning.","PeriodicalId":390439,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Laser Applications: INDLAS","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115336760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When coherent light passes through a transparent fluid having scattering centers (SC) in suspension the result of the far field interference is a "speckled" image. In suspension the SCs have a complex sediment and Brownian motion. Consequently the biospeckle image is not static but presents time fluctuations. A computer code to simulate the dynamics of the coherent light scattering on biological suspensions was written and used to investigate typical biological suspensions like erythrocytes (RBC) and milk in deionized water. The calculated far field intensity variation was analyzed with the autocorrelation function. Practical application are suggested based on the simulation results.
{"title":"CHODIN-a computer code to simulate coherent light scattering dynamics on biological suspensions","authors":"D. Chicea","doi":"10.1117/12.801959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.801959","url":null,"abstract":"When coherent light passes through a transparent fluid having scattering centers (SC) in suspension the result of the far field interference is a \"speckled\" image. In suspension the SCs have a complex sediment and Brownian motion. Consequently the biospeckle image is not static but presents time fluctuations. A computer code to simulate the dynamics of the coherent light scattering on biological suspensions was written and used to investigate typical biological suspensions like erythrocytes (RBC) and milk in deionized water. The calculated far field intensity variation was analyzed with the autocorrelation function. Practical application are suggested based on the simulation results.","PeriodicalId":390439,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Laser Applications: INDLAS","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116156157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Moagăr-Poladian, Z. Illyefalvi-Vitéz, B. Balogh, D. Ulieru, A. Coraci
The paper overviews some of the most important applications of lasers in the field of microsystems (MEMS). We present applications from both technology and MEMS testing. Since these applications cover a wide range, the presentation does not aim to offer a thorough, detailed presentation of each of these, but only to underline some of the most important directions and features. We present the respective applications, their working principles, their advantages and their drawbacks. In some cases we present examples of microstructures realized by using laser techniques.
{"title":"Laser applications in the field of MEMS","authors":"G. Moagăr-Poladian, Z. Illyefalvi-Vitéz, B. Balogh, D. Ulieru, A. Coraci","doi":"10.1117/12.801970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.801970","url":null,"abstract":"The paper overviews some of the most important applications of lasers in the field of microsystems (MEMS). We present applications from both technology and MEMS testing. Since these applications cover a wide range, the presentation does not aim to offer a thorough, detailed presentation of each of these, but only to underline some of the most important directions and features. We present the respective applications, their working principles, their advantages and their drawbacks. In some cases we present examples of microstructures realized by using laser techniques.","PeriodicalId":390439,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Laser Applications: INDLAS","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134067508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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