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Book Review: Lynda Collins The Ecological Constitution: Reframing Environmental Law (2021) 《生态宪法:重塑环境法》(2021)
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.47348/salj/v140/i2a8
C. Soyapi
None
没有一个
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引用次数: 0
Coercive and controlling behaviour in the Domestic Violence Act 《家庭暴力法》中的强制和控制行为
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.47348/salj/v140/i4a4
Dakalo Singo
This article focuses on two definitions of domestic violence — ‘coercive behaviour’ and ‘controlling behaviour’ — which were formally introduced into South African law by the Domestic Violence Amendment Act 14 of 2021. It tracks the legislative process, including an overview of the different iterations of the definitions as they appeared in the preceding Bills. This is followed by an analysis of the definitions’ grammatical, conceptual and legal meanings (including considering applicable foreign case law), after which various indicators are formulated. The article then examines whether the definitions are fit for purpose by analysing whether they are constitutional. This investigation reveals that the definitions suffer from numerous deficiencies: they are vague, overbroad and ambiguous, rendering them potentially unconstitutional. However, despite these deficiencies, the importance of the definitions — informed by the legislature’s intentions and the prevailing societal context, amongst other things — is likely to deter any potential constitutional challenges disputing their validity. The article concludes by proposing alternative definitional formulations that, if implemented, may circumvent any potential constitutional challenges.
本文侧重于家庭暴力的两种定义——“强制行为”和“控制行为”——这两种定义是由2021年《第14号家庭暴力修正案》正式引入南非法律的。它跟踪了立法过程,包括概述了在以前的法案中出现的定义的不同迭代。然后分析定义的语法、概念和法律含义(包括考虑适用的外国判例法),然后制定各种指标。然后,文章通过分析这些定义是否符合宪法来检验这些定义是否符合目的。这项调查显示,这些定义有许多不足之处:它们含糊不清、过于宽泛和模棱两可,可能违宪。然而,尽管存在这些缺陷,这些定义的重要性- -根据立法机关的意图和目前的社会背景,除其他外- -很可能阻止对其有效性提出任何潜在的宪法挑战。文章最后提出了其他的定义表述,如果实施,可能会规避任何潜在的宪法挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Notes: The Krugersdorp gang rapes — Another Tshabalala v S; Ntuli v S? 注:克鲁格斯多普轮奸案——另一起查巴拉拉诉S案;nuli vs S?
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.47348/salj/v140/i1a1
J. le Roux-Bouwer
This note assesses the application of the common purpose doctrine to the crime of gang rape. The recent gang rape of eight women in West Village, Krugersdorp on 28 July 2022 received wide media coverage. If and when there is a prosecution, the courts will have to adjudicate on the application of the common purpose doctrine to the newly defined statutory crime of rape. The Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters Amendment) Act 32 of 2007 (‘SORMA’) came into effect on 16 December 2007. The Constitutional Court, in Tshabalala v S; Ntuli v S 2020 (2) SACR 38 (CC), held that the common purpose doctrine was applicable to the autographic crime of common-law rape. Since the alleged crimes had occurred in 1998, SORMA was not applicable in this case. If the Krugersdorp gang rape incident reaches the Constitutional Court the case may provide the court with the opportunity to elucidate on the practical impact of its decision in Tshabalala v S; Ntuli v S.
本说明评估了共同目的原则对轮奸罪的适用。最近发生在2022年7月28日克鲁格斯多普西村的8名妇女被轮奸的事件得到了媒体的广泛报道。如果提出起诉,法院将不得不就共同目的原则是否适用于新定义的法定强奸罪作出裁决。《2007年第32号刑法(性犯罪及相关事项修正案)法令》(SORMA)于2007年12月16日生效。宪法法院在查巴拉拉诉S;nuli v S 2020 (2) SACR 38 (CC)认为,共同目的原则适用于普通法强奸的自述罪。由于指称的罪行发生在1998年,因此《SORMA》不适用于本案。如果克鲁格斯多普轮奸案提交宪法法院审理,该案件可能会为法院提供机会,阐明其在Tshabalala v . S案中判决的实际影响;纳图里vs S。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: David Cluxton Aviation Law Cause of Action Exclusivity in the Warsaw and Montreal Conventions (2022) 华沙和蒙特利尔公约中的航空法诉因排他性(2022)
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.47348/salj/v140/i2a9
William Kiema, P. Salazar
None
没有一个
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引用次数: 0
Notes: Can ownership of reproductive material be transferred? 注:生殖材料的所有权可以转让吗?
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.47348/salj/v140/i3a3
D. Thaldar
Regulation 18 of the Regulations Relating to the Artificial Fertilisation of Persons provides for an ownership scheme in reproductive material — eggs, sperm and embryos — outside the human body. Within this regulatory scheme, the following question is pertinent: can ownership of reproductive material, once acquired in terms of reg 18, be transferred to someone else? To answer this question, reg 18 is analysed using well-established tools of statutory interpretation. The conclusion drawn is that a broad interpretation of reg 18 should be followed that allows for the transfer of ownership. Attention is drawn to case law that contradicts this conclusion, but it is shown that the rationale for the relevant decision lacks any depth. Accordingly, the decision should urgently be challenged in the public interest.
《人的人工受精条例》第18条规定了人体外生殖物质——卵子、精子和胚胎的所有权计划。在这个监管方案中,以下问题是相关的:生殖材料的所有权,一旦根据第18条获得,可以转移给其他人吗?为了回答这个问题,我们使用成熟的法律解释工具来分析第18条。得出的结论是,应遵循对第18条规定的广泛解释,允许所有权转让。人们注意到与这一结论相矛盾的判例法,但它表明,有关决定的理由缺乏任何深度。因此,为了公众利益,应紧急对这一决定提出质疑。
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引用次数: 0
A critical analysis of the State Capture Commission recommendations to protect whistleblowers in South Africa 对南非国家抓捕委员会保护举报人建议的批判性分析
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.47348/salj/v140/i4a8
Rehana Cassim
This article critically analyses the whistleblower recommendations of the State Capture Commission and the President of the Republic of South Africa’s response to implementing these recommendations. Three recommendations are made: ensuring that whistleblowers receive the protections afforded by art 32(2) of the United Nations Convention against Corruption; possibly awarding whistleblowers a proportion of funds recovered, provided the information disclosed has been material to recovering funds; and affording whistleblowers immunity from criminal or civil action arising from their honest disclosures. This article argues that, although these whistleblower recommendations are laudable and will both protect and incentivise whistleblowers to disclose wrongdoing, South Africa should have a consolidated legislative framework to govern whistleblowing in the various sectors rather than the current approach, which scatters the regulation of whistleblowing across many statutes. The article recommends enhancing the protection of whistleblowers and suggests how to structure South Africa’s whistleblower award programme so that it is clear, fair, transparent and efficient. It also argues that to avoid abuse, whistleblowers should not receive blanket immunity from criminal and civil proceedings but that this should be determined on a case-by-case basis.
本文批判性地分析了国家抓捕委员会的举报人建议以及南非共和国总统对实施这些建议的回应。提出了三项建议:确保举报人得到《联合国反腐败公约》第32(2)条提供的保护;如果披露的信息对追回资金有重要意义,可能会奖励举报人追回资金的一部分;并给予举报人因诚实披露而免于刑事或民事诉讼的豁免权。本文认为,尽管这些举报人建议值得称赞,并且将保护和激励举报人披露不法行为,但南非应该有一个统一的立法框架来管理各个部门的举报人,而不是目前的方法,这种方法将举报人的监管分散在许多法规中。这篇文章建议加强对举报人的保护,并建议如何构建南非的举报人奖励计划,使其清晰、公平、透明和高效。它还认为,为避免滥用,举报人不应获得刑事和民事诉讼的全面豁免,而应根据具体情况确定。
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引用次数: 0
Notes: Do retirement funds have a right to transfer accrued retirement benefits without non-member spouses’ consent? An analysis of the Collatz matter 注:退休基金是否有权在未经非成员配偶同意的情况下转移累算退休权益?Collatz事件的分析
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.47348/salj/v140/i1a2
Motseotsile Clement Marumoagae
Neither the legislature nor the courts have adequately determined how to regulate benefits that retirement fund members married in community of property derive a right to claim before their death. It illustrates the failure of the courts to assess the intersection between matrimonial principles and pension rules when faced with nonmember spouses who argue that their deceased member spouses’ retirement benefits accrued to their joint estates. The courts need to consider seriously the applicability of matrimonial principles before retirement benefits can be treated as death benefits. Further, the note demonstrates that the courts over-emphasise the role of pension rules and totally disregard matrimonial principles, thereby depriving surviving non-member spouses of their share of the accrued retirement benefits. This note further argues that the legislature should urgently intervene.
立法机关和法院都没有充分确定如何规范财产共同结婚的退休基金成员在去世前有权要求的福利。它说明了法院在面对非成员配偶时未能评估婚姻原则和养老金规则之间的交集,这些非成员配偶辩称,他们已故的成员配偶的退休福利应计入他们的共同遗产。在将退休福利视为死亡抚恤金之前,法院需要认真考虑婚姻原则的适用性。此外,该说明表明,法院过分强调养恤金规则的作用,完全无视婚姻原则,从而剥夺了未亡非成员配偶的应计退休福利份额。本照会进一步认为,立法机关应紧急干预。
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引用次数: 0
The appealability of decisions to certify class actions: Where are we now? A proposed approach after Stellenbosch University Law Clinic v Lifestyle Direct Group International (Pty) Ltd (WCC) 证明集体诉讼的决定的可上诉性:我们现在在哪里?斯泰伦博斯大学法律诊所诉Lifestyle Direct Group International (Pty) Ltd (WCC)案的建议处理方法
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.47348/salj/v140/i2a2
Theo Broodryk
Decisions refusing to certify class proceedings are appealable. The position regarding the appealability of decisions certifying class actions is, however, less clear. Regrettably, in Stellenbosch University Law Clinic v Lifestyle Direct Group International (Pty) Ltd [2021] JOL 51475 (WCC), the court did not give a final ruling on whether a decision to certify a class action is appealable. Gamble J merely assumed, without deciding, that his decision in Stellenbosch University Law Clinic v Lifestyle Direct Group International (Pty) Ltd 2022 (2) SA 237 (WCC) to certify the class action was appealable. This article aims to clarify the preferred approach when deciding whether to permit an appeal against a decision to certify a class action.
拒绝证明集体诉讼的决定是可以上诉的。然而,关于证明集体诉讼的决定是否可上诉的立场不太明确。令人遗憾的是,在Stellenbosch大学法律诊所诉Lifestyle Direct Group International (Pty) Ltd [2021] JOL 51475 (WCC)一案中,法院没有就证明集体诉讼的决定是否可上诉作出最终裁决。在Stellenbosch大学法律诊所诉Lifestyle Direct Group International (Pty) Ltd 2022 (2) SA 237 (WCC)案中,Gamble J只是假设,而没有做出决定,他的决定证明集体诉讼是可上诉的。本文旨在澄清在决定是否允许对证明集体诉讼的决定提出上诉时的首选方法。
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引用次数: 0
Judicial intervention and the call to transformative constitutionalism in the context of consumer law, debt collection and the National Credit Act: Bayport Securitisation Ltd v University of Stellenbosch Law Clinic 在消费者法、债务催收和国家信用法的背景下,司法干预和对变革宪政主义的呼吁:Bayport证券化有限公司诉Stellenbosch法律诊所大学
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.47348/salj/v140/i2a4
S. van der Merwe
As a result of various socio-economic factors, South Africans are some of the most indebted consumers in the world. Bad debt collection has escalated to a significant industry, with billions of rands at stake. The effects of private over-indebtedness and resulting collections are profound and have various negative consequences at household and macro-economic levels. These consequences are exacerbated when vulnerable debtors face unscrupulous debt collectors emboldened by a fragile legislative framework. Debtors depend on judicial intervention and effective access to courts to combat abusive lending and debt-collection practices. Courts are called on to protect vulnerable consumers by enforcing constitutional guarantees and values. Recently, the Supreme Court of Appeal was presented with the opportunity to demonstrate its commitment to transformative constitutionalism in consumer law and debt collection in the case of Bayport Securitisation Ltd v University of Stellenbosch Law Clinic. This judgment is significant as it attempted to address a serious and impactful concern with the interpretation of the National Credit Act. It will be demonstrated that the judgment is susceptible to serious criticism, particularly in its regrettable indifference to the constitutional values pertinent to the matter.
由于各种社会经济因素,南非人是世界上负债最多的消费者之一。坏账催收已升级为一个重要行业,涉及数十亿兰特。私人过度负债和由此产生的催收的影响是深远的,并在家庭和宏观经济层面产生各种消极后果。当脆弱的债务人面对在脆弱的立法框架下肆无忌惮的收债人时,这些后果就会加剧。债务人依靠司法干预和有效诉诸法院来打击滥用贷款和催收债务的做法。法院被要求通过执行宪法保障和价值观来保护脆弱的消费者。最近,在Bayport证券化有限公司诉Stellenbosch大学法律诊所一案中,最高上诉法院有机会展示其在消费者法和债务催收方面的变革宪政承诺。这一判决意义重大,因为它试图解决对《国家信贷法》解释的一个严重而有影响的问题。将证明,该判决容易受到严重的批评,特别是令人遗憾的是,它对与该问题有关的宪法价值漠不关心。
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引用次数: 0
Workplace bullying in the legal profession 法律职业中的职场欺凌
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.47348/salj/v140/i3a9
M. Van Eck, Marthinus van Staden
The International Bar Association (‘IBA’) highlighted a disturbing trend of bullying within the legal profession in its 2019 report on bullying and sexual harassment in the legal profession, both internationally and in South Africa. The substantive forms of bullying (often described as victimisation, discrimination, or harassment) may overlap in the manner, mode or way in which bullying is perpetrated, and how bullying occurs may be grouped into several distinct categories: overt (or direct) forms, covert (or indirect) forms and, finally, so-called ‘mobbing’. This article investigates the current South African legislative framework addressing workplace bullying, including the indirect remedies available to victims in terms of (i) a claim of harassment as a form of unfair discrimination under s 6(3) of the Employment Equity Act; (ii) a claim for constructive dismissal under s 193 of the Labour Relations Act; and (iii) unfair labour practices as a remedy for workplace bullying or a claim of harassment in terms of the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act. After finding that these indirect remedies are inadequate to address workplace bullying in the legal profession, the article explores the conduct rules of the legal profession to establish how bullying is addressed in the legal sector and conducts a comparative analysis of the way in which bullying is addressed in the Australian and New Zealand jurisdictions to identify possible solutions to curb the scourge of workplace bullying in the South African legal profession.
国际律师协会(“IBA”)在其2019年关于国际和南非法律行业欺凌和性骚扰的报告中强调了法律行业内令人不安的欺凌趋势。欺凌的实质形式(通常被描述为受害、歧视或骚扰)可能在欺凌实施的方式、模式或方式上重叠,欺凌的发生方式可以分为几个不同的类别:公开(或直接)形式、隐蔽(或间接)形式,最后是所谓的“暴民”。本文调查了目前南非解决工作场所欺凌问题的立法框架,包括受害者在以下方面可获得的间接补救:(i)根据《就业平等法》第6(3)条,将骚扰作为一种不公平歧视的形式提出索赔;(ii)根据《劳动关系法》第193条提出的推定解雇索赔;(三)根据《职业伤害和疾病赔偿法》,将不公平的劳动做法作为对工作场所欺凌的补救措施或对骚扰的索赔。在发现这些间接补救措施不足以解决法律专业中的工作场所欺凌之后,本文探讨了法律专业的行为规则,以确定如何在法律部门解决欺凌问题,并对澳大利亚和新西兰司法管辖区解决欺凌问题的方式进行了比较分析,以确定可能的解决方案,以遏制南非法律专业中工作场所欺凌的祸害。
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引用次数: 0
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South African law journal
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