Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.2478/V10020-010-0026-6
B. Cejko, D. Żarski, K. Targońska, S. Krejszeff, D. Kucharczyk, J. Glogowski
{"title":"Osmolality of seminal plasma as an indicator of milt contamination with urine based on the example of the tench Tinca tinca (L.).","authors":"B. Cejko, D. Żarski, K. Targońska, S. Krejszeff, D. Kucharczyk, J. Glogowski","doi":"10.2478/V10020-010-0026-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-010-0026-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"287-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68932147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.2478/V10020-010-0014-X
D. Fopp‐Bayat, G. Furgała-Selezniow
Six microsatellite loci were used to examine the genetic variability of Russian sturgeon and sterlet cultured in a Polish fish farm. Within 47 individuals of Russian sturgeon and 35 individuals of sterlet, a total of 113 alleles were detected in six polymorphic microsatellite loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 9 to 23 in Russian sturgeon and 3–8 in sterlet. The genetic diversity of six microsatellite loci varied from 0.404 to 0.880 in Russian sturgeon and from 0.515 to 0.971 in sterlet. Microsatellite analysis has a great potential for aquaculture of sturgeon fishes, especially when levels of genetic variation could be monitored and inbreeding controlled in commercial breeding programs.
{"title":"Application of microsatellite DNA variation in Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti) and sterlet Acipenser ruthenus cultured in a Polish fish farm.","authors":"D. Fopp‐Bayat, G. Furgała-Selezniow","doi":"10.2478/V10020-010-0014-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-010-0014-X","url":null,"abstract":"Six microsatellite loci were used to examine the genetic variability of Russian sturgeon and sterlet cultured in a Polish fish farm. Within 47 individuals of Russian sturgeon and 35 individuals of sterlet, a total of 113 alleles were detected in six polymorphic microsatellite loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 9 to 23 in Russian sturgeon and 3–8 in sterlet. The genetic diversity of six microsatellite loci varied from 0.404 to 0.880 in Russian sturgeon and from 0.515 to 0.971 in sterlet. Microsatellite analysis has a great potential for aquaculture of sturgeon fishes, especially when levels of genetic variation could be monitored and inbreeding controlled in commercial breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.2478/V10020-010-0016-8
S. Krejszeff, D. Żarski, D. Kucharczyk, K. Kupren, K. Targońska, A. Mamcarz
This paper presents and describes a practical application of an experimental system for spawn incubation and fish larvae rearing under laboratory conditions in a closed water circulation. The experiment determined the effectiveness of water filtration in the system during the rearing of larvae of selected ornamental fish and native cyprinids. The results have shown full usability and diversity of application of the system for experimental purposes. The results obtained during experimental rearings with the system can be successfully used in practice.
{"title":"An experimental device for eggs incubation and fish larvae rearing under laboratory conditions.","authors":"S. Krejszeff, D. Żarski, D. Kucharczyk, K. Kupren, K. Targońska, A. Mamcarz","doi":"10.2478/V10020-010-0016-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-010-0016-8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents and describes a practical application of an experimental system for spawn incubation and fish larvae rearing under laboratory conditions in a closed water circulation. The experiment determined the effectiveness of water filtration in the system during the rearing of larvae of selected ornamental fish and native cyprinids. The results have shown full usability and diversity of application of the system for experimental purposes. The results obtained during experimental rearings with the system can be successfully used in practice.","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"190-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.2478/V10020-010-0009-7
K. Górska-Koplińska, A. Źróbek-Sokolnik, R. Górecki, D. Michalczyk
Using the method described by GRIGA (1998), embryoids were obtained (through direct or indirect somatic embryogenesis) in cultures of shoot apical meristems of the following pea cultivars: Bankier, Dino, Hazard, Ilowiecki, Konserwowy IHAR, Kosynier, Makler, Oskar, Pegaz, as well as unregistered line HM-6. With cultivars Izolda and Lantra the efforts at somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction remained unsuccessful. The highest responsiveness to SE induction was observed (after 14 days of treatment with a relatively low concentration of picloram – 2.5 μM) in cultivars Oskar, Hazard and line HM-6, in which embryoids were formed with frequencies of 31, 15.9 and 12.5%, respectively. Increasing picloram level to 5 μM and extending period of induction to 28 days, it was possible to obtain SE efficiency above 10% in cultivars Konserwowy IHAR, Dino and Kosynier. Photoperiod affected SE efficiency and the degree and direction of this influence greatly depended on pea cultivar.
{"title":"CAPACITY FOR SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN DIFFERENT PEA CULTIVARS","authors":"K. Górska-Koplińska, A. Źróbek-Sokolnik, R. Górecki, D. Michalczyk","doi":"10.2478/V10020-010-0009-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-010-0009-7","url":null,"abstract":"Using the method described by GRIGA (1998), embryoids were obtained (through direct or indirect somatic embryogenesis) in cultures of shoot apical meristems of the following pea cultivars: Bankier, Dino, Hazard, Ilowiecki, Konserwowy IHAR, Kosynier, Makler, Oskar, Pegaz, as well as unregistered line HM-6. With cultivars Izolda and Lantra the efforts at somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction remained unsuccessful. The highest responsiveness to SE induction was observed (after 14 days of treatment with a relatively low concentration of picloram – 2.5 μM) in cultivars Oskar, Hazard and line HM-6, in which embryoids were formed with frequencies of 31, 15.9 and 12.5%, respectively. Increasing picloram level to 5 μM and extending period of induction to 28 days, it was possible to obtain SE efficiency above 10% in cultivars Konserwowy IHAR, Dino and Kosynier. Photoperiod affected SE efficiency and the degree and direction of this influence greatly depended on pea cultivar.","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"115-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.2478/V10020-010-0010-1
A. Klimienė, R. Klimas
The experiment conducted in a stockyard in the district of Telsiai (Lithuania) involved two groups of animals: I – Lithuanian Whites, mated with the wild boar in an attempt to produce first-generation hybrids (F 1 ) having 50% wild boar blood, and II – female hybrids, mated repeatedly with the wild boar to produce second-generation hybrids (F 2 ) with 75% wild boar blood. An increase in the wild boar gene pool (up to 75%) led to a decrease in the litter size which approximated prolificacy values typical of wild boars. When white homozygous pigs of the Lithuanian White breed were mated with wild boars, white was the dominant color in the first generation (F 1 ), whereas when white, heterozygous female hybrids were crossbred with wild boars, white and striped (torched) second-generation (F 2 ) hybrids were distributed at the ratio of 1.25:1 throughout the population. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth rate, meatiness and meat quality of F 1 hybrids. In the control period, (body weight of approximately 30 to 80 kg), the average daily gains of hybrids (n = 12) reached 474 g. Boars grew faster (490 g), while gilts were marked by a slower growth rate (457 g). Five boars (approx. 100 kg) were slaughtered for the evaluation of meatiness traits and meat (musculus longissimus dorsi) quality, while gilts were left for further breeding. The average half-carcass length of hybrids was 95 cm, backfat thickness at 6–7 and last ribs reached 29 and 16 mm, respectively, and lean meat content was 50.7%. The meat pH48 was 5.48, redness was determined at 18.16 ext. u., water holding capacity at 58.15% and cooking loss at 27.35%. Chemical composition composition of meat was as follows: 23.62% protein, 1.54% fat and 1.13% ash. In comparison with Lithuanian White pigs, hybrids grew at a slower rate and their carcasses had lower meatiness traits. The meat of F 1 hybrids was characterized by higher redness values, lower cooking loss and satisfactory chemical composition in respect of nutritive value. The meat of male hybrids was also found to deliver a high degree of palatability without a specific, offensive aroma.
在Telsiai(立陶宛)地区的一个牲畜饲养场进行的实验涉及两组动物:1 -立陶宛白猪，与野猪交配，试图产生具有50%野猪血液的第一代杂种(f1)， II -雌性杂种，与野猪反复交配，产生具有75%野猪血液的第二代杂种(f2)。野猪基因库的增加(高达75%)导致产仔数的减少，这近似于野猪的典型繁殖力值。当立陶宛白种纯合子猪与野猪交配时，白色是第一代(f1)的优势色，而当白色杂合雌性杂交种与野猪杂交时，白色和条纹(火炬)第二代(f2)杂交种在整个群体中以1.25:1的比例分布。本试验旨在研究杂种f1的生长速率、肉质和肉质。在对照期(体重约为30 ~ 80 kg)，杂交(n = 12)平均日增重达474 g。公猪生长更快(490克)，而后备母猪的生长速度较慢(457克)。100公斤)屠宰，评价肉质性状和肉质(背最长肌)，后备母猪留作进一步繁育。杂种平均半胴体长95 cm, 6 ~ 7节背膘厚29 mm，末肋厚16 mm，瘦肉含量50.7%。肉的pH48为5.48，红度为18.16 ext. u，持水量为58.15%，蒸煮损失为27.35%。肉的化学成分为:蛋白质23.62%，脂肪1.54%，灰分1.13%。与立陶宛白猪相比，杂种猪生长速度较慢，胴体肉质性状较差。杂种f1肉质红度高，蒸煮损失小，营养成分较好。男性杂交品种的肉也被发现具有高度的适口性，没有特定的，令人反感的香气。
{"title":"The influence of the wild boar on the biological and performance traits of domestic pigs","authors":"A. Klimienė, R. Klimas","doi":"10.2478/V10020-010-0010-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-010-0010-1","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment conducted in a stockyard in the district of Telsiai (Lithuania) involved two groups of animals: I – Lithuanian Whites, mated with the wild boar in an attempt to produce first-generation hybrids (F 1 ) having 50% wild boar blood, and II – female hybrids, mated repeatedly with the wild boar to produce second-generation hybrids (F 2 ) with 75% wild boar blood. An increase in the wild boar gene pool (up to 75%) led to a decrease in the litter size which approximated prolificacy values typical of wild boars. When white homozygous pigs of the Lithuanian White breed were mated with wild boars, white was the dominant color in the first generation (F 1 ), whereas when white, heterozygous female hybrids were crossbred with wild boars, white and striped (torched) second-generation (F 2 ) hybrids were distributed at the ratio of 1.25:1 throughout the population. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth rate, meatiness and meat quality of F 1 hybrids. In the control period, (body weight of approximately 30 to 80 kg), the average daily gains of hybrids (n = 12) reached 474 g. Boars grew faster (490 g), while gilts were marked by a slower growth rate (457 g). Five boars (approx. 100 kg) were slaughtered for the evaluation of meatiness traits and meat (musculus longissimus dorsi) quality, while gilts were left for further breeding. The average half-carcass length of hybrids was 95 cm, backfat thickness at 6–7 and last ribs reached 29 and 16 mm, respectively, and lean meat content was 50.7%. The meat pH48 was 5.48, redness was determined at 18.16 ext. u., water holding capacity at 58.15% and cooking loss at 27.35%. Chemical composition composition of meat was as follows: 23.62% protein, 1.54% fat and 1.13% ash. In comparison with Lithuanian White pigs, hybrids grew at a slower rate and their carcasses had lower meatiness traits. The meat of F 1 hybrids was characterized by higher redness values, lower cooking loss and satisfactory chemical composition in respect of nutritive value. The meat of male hybrids was also found to deliver a high degree of palatability without a specific, offensive aroma.","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.2478/V10020-010-0013-Y
M. Grzybowski, J. Szarek, K. Skibniewska, J. Guziur
This study was aimed at evaluating the diversity of submerged and emerged flora of Lake Szeląg Wielki and at verifying the hypothesis that a pesticide tomb affects the diversity of submerged and emerged flora of that lake. Investigations carried out in Lake Szeląg Wielki demonstrated a modifying effect of a pesticide tomb on the floral abundance in phytocoenoses of submerged plants: Potamettum perfoliati, Ceratophylletum demersi, Ranunculetum circinati; of emerged plants: Typhetum angustifoliae, Scirpetum lacustris, Phragmitetum, Glycerietum maximae, Equisetetum fluviatile. Phytocoenoses of Scirpetum lacustris detected in Lake Szeląg Wielki were the most susceptible to the activity of a pesticide tomb.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF DIVERSITY OF SUBMERGED AND EMERGENT FLORA OF LAKE SZELĄG WIELKI AS THREATENED BY A PESTICIDE TOMB","authors":"M. Grzybowski, J. Szarek, K. Skibniewska, J. Guziur","doi":"10.2478/V10020-010-0013-Y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-010-0013-Y","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at evaluating the diversity of submerged and emerged flora of Lake Szeląg Wielki and at verifying the hypothesis that a pesticide tomb affects the diversity of submerged and emerged flora of that lake. Investigations carried out in Lake Szeląg Wielki demonstrated a modifying effect of a pesticide tomb on the floral abundance in phytocoenoses of submerged plants: Potamettum perfoliati, Ceratophylletum demersi, Ranunculetum circinati; of emerged plants: Typhetum angustifoliae, Scirpetum lacustris, Phragmitetum, Glycerietum maximae, Equisetetum fluviatile. Phytocoenoses of Scirpetum lacustris detected in Lake Szeląg Wielki were the most susceptible to the activity of a pesticide tomb.","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"154-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.2478/V10020-010-0018-6
Agnieszka Narwojsz, E. Borowska
The objective of this study was to analyze fresh and pasteurized cranberry and strawberry juices, based on the content of polyphenols, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid, as well as DPPHradical scavenging capacity. Significant differences were found between the investigated juices, dependent on both fruit species and the technological process. Cranberry juices were characterized by higher concentrations of the tested compounds, except for anthocyanins, and by greater DPPHradical scavenging capacity. Pasteurization was found to exert a significant, destructive effect on the properties of the examined juices, particularly on the anthocyanin content of strawberry juice.
{"title":"CRANBERRY AND STRAWBERRY JUICES - INFLUENCE OF METHOD PRODUCTION ON ANTIOXIDANTS CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDATIVE CAPACITY","authors":"Agnieszka Narwojsz, E. Borowska","doi":"10.2478/V10020-010-0018-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-010-0018-6","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to analyze fresh and pasteurized cranberry and strawberry juices, based on the content of polyphenols, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid, as well as DPPHradical scavenging capacity. Significant differences were found between the investigated juices, dependent on both fruit species and the technological process. Cranberry juices were characterized by higher concentrations of the tested compounds, except for anthocyanins, and by greater DPPHradical scavenging capacity. Pasteurization was found to exert a significant, destructive effect on the properties of the examined juices, particularly on the anthocyanin content of strawberry juice.","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"209-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.2478/V10020-010-0011-0
J. Miciński, J. Pogorzelska
The milk yield of 24 934 cows from herds monitored by the National Animal Breeding Center, Branch in Olsztyn, was analyzed. The data were collected in the years 1997–2006. The cows were divided into three groups, based on herd size: group I of up to 20 cows, group II of 21–50 cows and group III of more than 50 cows. Additional criteria for the above division were the number of successive 305-day lactations and full lactations as well as the length of inter-calving intervals. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of herd size on the yield and proximate composition of milk in active cattle populations in farms in north-eastern Poland over a ten-year period, taking into account lactations of normal length and full lactations, inter-calving interval (ICI) duration and lifetime cow productivity. The average yield over 305-day lactations was 6579 kg milk (6723 kg FCM), 273 kg fat (4.15%), 213 kg protein (3.24%), 309 kg lactose (4.70%) and 841 kg dry matter (12.78%). Cows in the largest herds (> 50 head) were characterized by the highest productivity, and cows in the smallest herds (≤ 20 head) – by the lowest. The latter produced milk with the highest fat content (4.16%) and the lowest protein content (3.21%). In herds comprising more than 50 animals, cows with the longest ICI (> 525 days) were marked by the highest milk production in full lactations (11 010 kg). As regards lifetime productivity, the highest values were noted in cows used for 3.44 years in the smallest herds (19 809 kg milk). In the largest herds cows were used for the shortest period of time (3.31 years), and their lifetime productivity reached 17 185 kg milk.
{"title":"The effect of herd size on the yield and proximate composition of milk in active cattle populations in the region of Warmia and Mazury (NE Poland).","authors":"J. Miciński, J. Pogorzelska","doi":"10.2478/V10020-010-0011-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-010-0011-0","url":null,"abstract":"The milk yield of 24 934 cows from herds monitored by the National Animal Breeding Center, Branch in Olsztyn, was analyzed. The data were collected in the years 1997–2006. The cows were divided into three groups, based on herd size: group I of up to 20 cows, group II of 21–50 cows and group III of more than 50 cows. Additional criteria for the above division were the number of successive 305-day lactations and full lactations as well as the length of inter-calving intervals. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of herd size on the yield and proximate composition of milk in active cattle populations in farms in north-eastern Poland over a ten-year period, taking into account lactations of normal length and full lactations, inter-calving interval (ICI) duration and lifetime cow productivity. The average yield over 305-day lactations was 6579 kg milk (6723 kg FCM), 273 kg fat (4.15%), 213 kg protein (3.24%), 309 kg lactose (4.70%) and 841 kg dry matter (12.78%). Cows in the largest herds (> 50 head) were characterized by the highest productivity, and cows in the smallest herds (≤ 20 head) – by the lowest. The latter produced milk with the highest fat content (4.16%) and the lowest protein content (3.21%). In herds comprising more than 50 animals, cows with the longest ICI (> 525 days) were marked by the highest milk production in full lactations (11 010 kg). As regards lifetime productivity, the highest values were noted in cows used for 3.44 years in the smallest herds (19 809 kg milk). In the largest herds cows were used for the shortest period of time (3.31 years), and their lifetime productivity reached 17 185 kg milk.","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"132-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.2478/V10020-010-0012-Z
E. Mroz, A. Orłowska, M. Stępińska
The objective of this study was to determine the type and quantity of hatchery waste and egg hatchability during the first laying season of heavy-type turkey hens. The hatchability of 4536 eggs as well as the weight, type and quantity of waste material produced during nine control incubation cycles were monitored in turkey hens aged from 33 to 57 weeks, at three-week intervals. The day of embryo death was indicated and the percentage of embryos that died on successive days and during three incubation stages was calculated. The optimum egg weight was recorded in hens aged up to 45 weeks, and in older hens the average egg weight was higher than 95 g. Infertile eggs accounted for 2.0 to 8.3% hatchery waste. Embryo mortality reached 4.6 to 17.2% before puncture, and 1.4 to 5.8% after puncture. Loss due to the delay in hatching ranged from 0.8 to 6.1% fertile eggs. The highest number of newly hatched birds classified as unsuitable for rearing was noted in hens aged 57 weeks (5.2%), while in the remaining weeks of the laying period the number of such poults was substantially lower. The first and second mortality peak accounted for 13.0–28.0% and 13.0–23.0% of the total loss during incubation, respectively. Another embryo mortality peak (13%) was observed in turkey hens aged 42 weeks. The highest hatchability rate, at 93.1%, was reported in week 42. Over the period of best hatchability, embryo mortality reached 43% : 15% : 42% at three consecutive incubation stages. It was found, based on the type and quantity of hatchery waste and hatch rates, that turkey hens aged between 36 and 48 weeks were characterized by the highest reproductive efficiency. The results of this study may be used as reference values while estimating the total loss during incubation due to hen age in heavy-type turkeys.
{"title":"HATCHERY WASTE AND HATCHABILITY OF TURKEY EGGS","authors":"E. Mroz, A. Orłowska, M. Stępińska","doi":"10.2478/V10020-010-0012-Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10020-010-0012-Z","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the type and quantity of hatchery waste and egg hatchability during the first laying season of heavy-type turkey hens. The hatchability of 4536 eggs as well as the weight, type and quantity of waste material produced during nine control incubation cycles were monitored in turkey hens aged from 33 to 57 weeks, at three-week intervals. The day of embryo death was indicated and the percentage of embryos that died on successive days and during three incubation stages was calculated. The optimum egg weight was recorded in hens aged up to 45 weeks, and in older hens the average egg weight was higher than 95 g. Infertile eggs accounted for 2.0 to 8.3% hatchery waste. Embryo mortality reached 4.6 to 17.2% before puncture, and 1.4 to 5.8% after puncture. Loss due to the delay in hatching ranged from 0.8 to 6.1% fertile eggs. The highest number of newly hatched birds classified as unsuitable for rearing was noted in hens aged 57 weeks (5.2%), while in the remaining weeks of the laying period the number of such poults was substantially lower. The first and second mortality peak accounted for 13.0–28.0% and 13.0–23.0% of the total loss during incubation, respectively. Another embryo mortality peak (13%) was observed in turkey hens aged 42 weeks. The highest hatchability rate, at 93.1%, was reported in week 42. Over the period of best hatchability, embryo mortality reached 43% : 15% : 42% at three consecutive incubation stages. It was found, based on the type and quantity of hatchery waste and hatch rates, that turkey hens aged between 36 and 48 weeks were characterized by the highest reproductive efficiency. The results of this study may be used as reference values while estimating the total loss during incubation due to hen age in heavy-type turkeys.","PeriodicalId":39364,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"143-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68931459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.2478/V10020-010-0017-7
D. Kucharczyk, P. Gomułka, S. Krejszeff, D. Żarski, K. Targońska
A preliminary examination was carried out into the effect that various activating liquids have on the survivability of ide Leuciscus idus (L.) embryos. It was found to be similar (54–59%) in four study groups; the embryo survivability was found to have decreased (44%) only in the group where non-sterilised tap water was used for gamete activation. A negative correlation was found between water conductivity, salinity and sperm motility. A positive correlation was found between water conductivity, salinity and embryo survivability. A negative correlation between the sperm motility and the survivability of ide embryos at the eyed-egg stage shows that the fertilisation result is more affected by the duration of sperm movement than by the percentage of motile sperm.
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