Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.5117/9789463725026_ch05
P. De Giosa
Chapter 5 turns to the transformation of historic spaces into ‘cultural shopping streets’, divided along the official macro-categories of Malays, Chinese, and Indians. After introducing the making of Little India and the Malay Bazar Ramadan, the chapter focuses on the Chinatown-like Jonker Walk as the first and most successful of these projects. This case study shows how these tourism packages resist a wide range of critics: from UNESCO-related actors and local heritage bureaus that condemn the commercialization of these historic streets, to the residents and heritage aficionados that identify them as symbols of multicultural coexistence. This chapter reveals competing views of Melaka’s multi-ethnic townscape: from the cosmopolitan character of the World Heritage inscription to a racialized and politicized demarcation of space.
{"title":"Divide and Brand: Public Space, Politics, and Tourism","authors":"P. De Giosa","doi":"10.5117/9789463725026_ch05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463725026_ch05","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 5 turns to the transformation of historic spaces into ‘cultural\u0000 shopping streets’, divided along the official macro-categories of Malays,\u0000 Chinese, and Indians. After introducing the making of Little India and\u0000 the Malay Bazar Ramadan, the chapter focuses on the Chinatown-like\u0000 Jonker Walk as the first and most successful of these projects. This case\u0000 study shows how these tourism packages resist a wide range of critics:\u0000 from UNESCO-related actors and local heritage bureaus that condemn the\u0000 commercialization of these historic streets, to the residents and heritage\u0000 aficionados that identify them as symbols of multicultural coexistence.\u0000 This chapter reveals competing views of Melaka’s multi-ethnic townscape:\u0000 from the cosmopolitan character of the World Heritage inscription to a\u0000 racialized and politicized demarcation of space.","PeriodicalId":394181,"journal":{"name":"World Heritage and Urban Politics in Melaka, Malaysia","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124822557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chapter 4 deals with the old townhouses and shophouses of Melaka’s World Heritage site. It first traces the reasons for their decline in the post-war period. Things started to change in the 1990s with the repeal of rent control. This period coincided with the revaluation of these buildings as heritage and economic assets, but not without side effects, such as illegal demolitions, the displacement of residents, and tourism gentrification. The authorities have always been reluctant to interfere with private property, but during the application for the World Heritage inscription they were forced to step in with stricter conservation rules. Instead of a homogeneous approach, this chapter displays the diversity of discourses and practices of conservation as encountered on the ground.
{"title":"Melakan Row Houses from the Ground Up","authors":"P. De Giosa","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1rr6djs.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1rr6djs.9","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 4 deals with the old townhouses and shophouses of Melaka’s World\u0000 Heritage site. It first traces the reasons for their decline in the post-war\u0000 period. Things started to change in the 1990s with the repeal of rent\u0000 control. This period coincided with the revaluation of these buildings as\u0000 heritage and economic assets, but not without side effects, such as illegal\u0000 demolitions, the displacement of residents, and tourism gentrification. The\u0000 authorities have always been reluctant to interfere with private property,\u0000 but during the application for the World Heritage inscription they were\u0000 forced to step in with stricter conservation rules. Instead of a homogeneous\u0000 approach, this chapter displays the diversity of discourses and practices\u0000 of conservation as encountered on the ground.","PeriodicalId":394181,"journal":{"name":"World Heritage and Urban Politics in Melaka, Malaysia","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122761637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.5117/9789463725026_ch06
P. De Giosa
Chapter 6 moves to the fringes of the World Heritage site, where the designation led to a boom in high-rise projects. This chapter analyses the friction between historic conservation and urban transformation by focusing on Kampung Chetti, a ‘heritage village’ recognized by the local conservation law. After introducing the Chetti community, the chapter deals with the heritagization of Kampung Chetti. Local conservation laws, however, turn out not to provide adequate protection from the pressures of real estate development projects. The chapter explores how the Chetti struggled in vain against a high-rise project adjacent to their village. Although recognized by the Melaka State Government as heritage, Kampung Chetti found itself at the bottom of a patrimonial hierarchy, excluded from UNESCO-derived and national heritage regulations.
{"title":"A Melakan Ancestral Village beyond\u0000 World Heritage","authors":"P. De Giosa","doi":"10.5117/9789463725026_ch06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463725026_ch06","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 6 moves to the fringes of the World Heritage site, where the\u0000 designation led to a boom in high-rise projects. This chapter analyses\u0000 the friction between historic conservation and urban transformation by\u0000 focusing on Kampung Chetti, a ‘heritage village’ recognized by the local\u0000 conservation law. After introducing the Chetti community, the chapter\u0000 deals with the heritagization of Kampung Chetti. Local conservation\u0000 laws, however, turn out not to provide adequate protection from the\u0000 pressures of real estate development projects. The chapter explores how\u0000 the Chetti struggled in vain against a high-rise project adjacent to their\u0000 village. Although recognized by the Melaka State Government as heritage,\u0000 Kampung Chetti found itself at the bottom of a patrimonial hierarchy,\u0000 excluded from UNESCO-derived and national heritage regulations.","PeriodicalId":394181,"journal":{"name":"World Heritage and Urban Politics in Melaka, Malaysia","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133092640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chapter 3 focuses on the inscription process that brought Melaka onto the World Heritage List in 2008. By employing a long-term perspective, the account begins with the first attempts to nominate Melaka in the late 1980s. It took two decades to obtain World Heritage status. The main obstacle was not only related to Melaka’s worthiness, but the supposed lack of protective commitment shown by national authorities, together with policies that did not follow UNESCO-derived standards and guidelines. World Heritage inscriptions are not linear processes, but the result of convergences and shared understandings between international, national, and local actors. Similarly, the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) that justifies inscriptions is not inherent to the site, but constructed along the way.
{"title":"UNESCO and the City","authors":"P. De Giosa","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1rr6djs.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1rr6djs.8","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 3 focuses on the inscription process that brought Melaka onto\u0000 the World Heritage List in 2008. By employing a long-term perspective,\u0000 the account begins with the first attempts to nominate Melaka in the\u0000 late 1980s. It took two decades to obtain World Heritage status. The main\u0000 obstacle was not only related to Melaka’s worthiness, but the supposed lack\u0000 of protective commitment shown by national authorities, together with\u0000 policies that did not follow UNESCO-derived standards and guidelines.\u0000 World Heritage inscriptions are not linear processes, but the result of\u0000 convergences and shared understandings between international, national,\u0000 and local actors. Similarly, the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) that\u0000 justifies inscriptions is not inherent to the site, but constructed along\u0000 the way.","PeriodicalId":394181,"journal":{"name":"World Heritage and Urban Politics in Melaka, Malaysia","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132435994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abbreviations","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1rr6djs.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1rr6djs.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":394181,"journal":{"name":"World Heritage and Urban Politics in Melaka, Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123078572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chapter 7 considers the potential of ethnographies of World Heritage cities by retracing the experience of Melaka in juxtaposition with a number of other studies of Asian World Heritage cities, especially those located in East and Southeast Asia. A further analysis on urban transformation around other heritage villages expands the previous reflection on patrimonial hierarchies, inequality, and World Heritage exclusions. The chapter ends with a postscript, which introduces queries for future research. Substantial questions stem from the unprecedented, if brief, power shift from Barisan Nasional to Pakatan Harapan.
{"title":"Epilogue of a Blessing and a Curse","authors":"P. De Giosa","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1rr6djs.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1rr6djs.12","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 7 considers the potential of ethnographies of World Heritage cities\u0000 by retracing the experience of Melaka in juxtaposition with a number of\u0000 other studies of Asian World Heritage cities, especially those located in East\u0000 and Southeast Asia. A further analysis on urban transformation around\u0000 other heritage villages expands the previous reflection on patrimonial\u0000 hierarchies, inequality, and World Heritage exclusions. The chapter ends\u0000 with a postscript, which introduces queries for future research. Substantial\u0000 questions stem from the unprecedented, if brief, power shift from Barisan\u0000 Nasional to Pakatan Harapan.","PeriodicalId":394181,"journal":{"name":"World Heritage and Urban Politics in Melaka, Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129522113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1rr6djs.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1rr6djs.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":394181,"journal":{"name":"World Heritage and Urban Politics in Melaka, Malaysia","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134517831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.5117/9789463725026_ch02
P. De Giosa
Chapter 2 traces the evolution of heritage politics in Malaysia since the era when European principles of conservation privileged architectural grandeur and monumental heritage. Since the 1980s Melaka’s institutions have turned the buildings in the old civic area into museums celebrating a glorified past. At the same time, the state has embraced a developmentalist agenda. The World Heritage bid attracted the interest of real estate developers, bringing to the city a number of projects of the type it had never experienced before. In between the visions of an ‘Old Melaka’ and a ‘New Melaka’, the state and civil society have been increasingly involved in a new era of heritage politics following more recent UNESCO-derived shifts towards non-monumental forms of heritage and cultural diversity.
{"title":"Heritage Affairs: Mouse-Deer, White Elephants, and Watchdogs","authors":"P. De Giosa","doi":"10.5117/9789463725026_ch02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463725026_ch02","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 2 traces the evolution of heritage politics in Malaysia since the\u0000 era when European principles of conservation privileged architectural\u0000 grandeur and monumental heritage. Since the 1980s Melaka’s institutions\u0000 have turned the buildings in the old civic area into museums celebrating a\u0000 glorified past. At the same time, the state has embraced a developmentalist\u0000 agenda. The World Heritage bid attracted the interest of real estate\u0000 developers, bringing to the city a number of projects of the type it had\u0000 never experienced before. In between the visions of an ‘Old Melaka’ and a\u0000 ‘New Melaka’, the state and civil society have been increasingly involved\u0000 in a new era of heritage politics following more recent UNESCO-derived\u0000 shifts towards non-monumental forms of heritage and cultural diversity.","PeriodicalId":394181,"journal":{"name":"World Heritage and Urban Politics in Melaka, Malaysia","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131729889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Starter:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1rr6djs.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1rr6djs.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":394181,"journal":{"name":"World Heritage and Urban Politics in Melaka, Malaysia","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131122012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After a preface which describes the heritage of downtown Melaka, Chapter 1 introduces the theme of the book: UNESCO World Heritage and urban politics in Melaka, the most celebrated of Malaysian historic cities which is inscribed, together with George Town, on the World Heritage List since 2008. Afterwards, the chapter presents the field site, its history, and its inhabitants, in the context of the city’s geographic, political, and administrative configurations. This is followed by a reflection on the ethnographic fieldwork carried out by the author in Melaka between 2012 and 2014. This research is primarily based on interviews with, and participant observation among, a wide range of interlocutors: from residents to heritage experts, and from public officials to activists.
{"title":"A Cityscape below the Winds","authors":"P. De Giosa","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1rr6djs.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1rr6djs.6","url":null,"abstract":"After a preface which describes the heritage of downtown Melaka,\u0000 Chapter 1 introduces the theme of the book: UNESCO World Heritage\u0000 and urban politics in Melaka, the most celebrated of Malaysian historic\u0000 cities which is inscribed, together with George Town, on the World Heritage\u0000 List since 2008. Afterwards, the chapter presents the field site, its history,\u0000 and its inhabitants, in the context of the city’s geographic, political, and\u0000 administrative configurations. This is followed by a reflection on the\u0000 ethnographic fieldwork carried out by the author in Melaka between\u0000 2012 and 2014. This research is primarily based on interviews with, and\u0000 participant observation among, a wide range of interlocutors: from\u0000 residents to heritage experts, and from public officials to activists.","PeriodicalId":394181,"journal":{"name":"World Heritage and Urban Politics in Melaka, Malaysia","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125403521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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