Paula Lorenzoni Nunes, Vanessa Adelina Casali Bandeira, Vanessa Boeira Flores, Andressa Oss-Emer Soares Bottega, K. Kleibert, C. Colet
Objectives: To evaluate the profile of the drugs for continuous use prescribed in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Santa Rosa / RS and to identify presence in the official lists of essential drugs. Methods: Cross-sectional, analytical and quantitative study, with analysis of the digital prescriptions of users of primary health care in Santa Rosa. There was no gender restriction and patients who used at least one chronic drug were included. Data were collected through a printed report from users. Results: The study included 642 participants, with a mean age of 60.40±14.48, 64.3% were female and 47.4%, using polypharmacy. A total of 3.009 drugs were identified, with an average of 4.69±2.82 medications/prescription. There was a higher frequency of the cardiovascular system (46.9%), nervous system (16.8%) and digestive tract and metabolism (14.8%). The most commonly used drugs were hydrochlorothiazide, fluoxetine and omeprazole. Regarding the presence of drugs in the official lists, 90.9% are in RENAME and 90.8% in REMUME, and 80% of users have obtained full access to medicines. In the prescriptions, 0.3% contained antibiotics, 1.3% injectable drugs and all drugs were prescribed by the generic name and in a computerized way. Conclusions: The pharmacotherapeutic profile is similar to the national reality and most indicators are as recommended by the WHO, demonstrating the organization of the PA of the city, which facilitates the access of users to essential medicines. However, there was a high number of drugs per prescription and presence of polypharmacy, evidencing the importance of access to it as well as the promotion of the rational use of these drugs.
{"title":"Profile of continuous use drugs prescribed in primary health care and presence in list of essential drugs","authors":"Paula Lorenzoni Nunes, Vanessa Adelina Casali Bandeira, Vanessa Boeira Flores, Andressa Oss-Emer Soares Bottega, K. Kleibert, C. Colet","doi":"10.4322/2179-443x.0725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2179-443x.0725","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate the profile of the drugs for continuous use prescribed in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Santa Rosa / RS and to identify presence in the official lists of essential drugs. Methods: Cross-sectional, analytical and quantitative study, with analysis of the digital prescriptions of users of primary health care in Santa Rosa. There was no gender restriction and patients who used at least one chronic drug were included. Data were collected through a printed report from users. Results: The study included 642 participants, with a mean age of 60.40±14.48, 64.3% were female and 47.4%, using polypharmacy. A total of 3.009 drugs were identified, with an average of 4.69±2.82 medications/prescription. There was a higher frequency of the cardiovascular system (46.9%), nervous system (16.8%) and digestive tract and metabolism (14.8%). The most commonly used drugs were hydrochlorothiazide, fluoxetine and omeprazole. Regarding the presence of drugs in the official lists, 90.9% are in RENAME and 90.8% in REMUME, and 80% of users have obtained full access to medicines. In the prescriptions, 0.3% contained antibiotics, 1.3% injectable drugs and all drugs were prescribed by the generic name and in a computerized way. Conclusions: The pharmacotherapeutic profile is similar to the national reality and most indicators are as recommended by the WHO, demonstrating the organization of the PA of the city, which facilitates the access of users to essential medicines. However, there was a high number of drugs per prescription and presence of polypharmacy, evidencing the importance of access to it as well as the promotion of the rational use of these drugs.","PeriodicalId":394666,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciências Farmacêutica Básica e Aplicadas - RCFBA","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116287442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. L. Sales, Nathália Soares Simões, A. Baldoni, G. Rocha, Gylce Eloisa Cabreira Panitz Cruz, K. Borges, C. M. Pádua, E. S. Silva, Cristina Sanches
Objectives: This study identifies the factors associated with the occurrence of adverse events in adults and elderly on antiretroviral therapy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with adults and elderly patients, attended by the Specialized Assistance Service between September 2016 and August 2017. Adverse events were measured through self-reports collected in interviews, information collected in medical records, and changes identified in laboratory tests, with the degree of causality being assessed using the Naranjo Algorithm. Univariate analysis, with results expressed as odds ratio (OR) and their respective confidence intervals (CI 95%), was performed to estimate the association between sociodemographic, pharmacotherapeutic, and clinical characteristics (explanatory variables) with the occurrence of four or more adverse events to antiretroviral therapy (response variable). For multivariate analysis, multiple logistic regression was considered in order to verify the permanence or absence of associations previously found in the univariate analysis. Results: Prevalence of adverse events to antiretroviral therapy was 92.6%, with the median of adverse events being four (IQR 25%: 2 ; IQR 75%: 5) and two (IQR 25%: 2 ; IQR 75%: 4), respectively, among adults and elderly (p <0.05). Additionally, 340 adverse events were identified, among which nightmares (15.0%) and vertigo (13.5%) were the most frequent. Most of the adverse events identified were classified as possible (96.2% / n = 327). In the initial univariate analysis, factors such receipt of guidance on adverse events and age were associated with a higher occurrence of adverse events to antiretroviral therapy. Contrary to expectations, the elderly were considered less susceptible to have adverse events when compared to adults (OR = 0.363; CI 95% = 0.164-0.801). However, the final multivariate analysis model revealed “receipt of guidance on adverse events” as the only variable significantly associated with the presence of four or more adverse events to antiretroviral therapy (OR = 4.183 ; CI 95% = 1.775-9.855). Conclusions: Results suggest difference in perception of adverse events between patients who received and those who did not receive guidance in this regard, which indicates the importance of health professionals to provide specific information to their patients regarding adverse events to antiretroviral therapy. Thus the patient can understand the effects generated by the treatment and inform these professionals for the notification of adverse events, in order to improve pharmacovigilance actions and promote patient safety.
{"title":"Factors associated with the occurrence of adverse events to antiretroviral therapy in adults and elderly living with HIV","authors":"T. L. Sales, Nathália Soares Simões, A. Baldoni, G. Rocha, Gylce Eloisa Cabreira Panitz Cruz, K. Borges, C. M. Pádua, E. S. Silva, Cristina Sanches","doi":"10.4322/2179-443x.0734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2179-443x.0734","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study identifies the factors associated with the occurrence of adverse events in adults and elderly on antiretroviral therapy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with adults and elderly patients, attended by the Specialized Assistance Service between September 2016 and August 2017. Adverse events were measured through self-reports collected in interviews, information collected in medical records, and changes identified in laboratory tests, with the degree of causality being assessed using the Naranjo Algorithm. Univariate analysis, with results expressed as odds ratio (OR) and their respective confidence intervals (CI 95%), was performed to estimate the association between sociodemographic, pharmacotherapeutic, and clinical characteristics (explanatory variables) with the occurrence of four or more adverse events to antiretroviral therapy (response variable). For multivariate analysis, multiple logistic regression was considered in order to verify the permanence or absence of associations previously found in the univariate analysis. Results: Prevalence of adverse events to antiretroviral therapy was 92.6%, with the median of adverse events being four (IQR 25%: 2 ; IQR 75%: 5) and two (IQR 25%: 2 ; IQR 75%: 4), respectively, among adults and elderly (p <0.05). Additionally, 340 adverse events were identified, among which nightmares (15.0%) and vertigo (13.5%) were the most frequent. Most of the adverse events identified were classified as possible (96.2% / n = 327). In the initial univariate analysis, factors such receipt of guidance on adverse events and age were associated with a higher occurrence of adverse events to antiretroviral therapy. Contrary to expectations, the elderly were considered less susceptible to have adverse events when compared to adults (OR = 0.363; CI 95% = 0.164-0.801). However, the final multivariate analysis model revealed “receipt of guidance on adverse events” as the only variable significantly associated with the presence of four or more adverse events to antiretroviral therapy (OR = 4.183 ; CI 95% = 1.775-9.855). Conclusions: Results suggest difference in perception of adverse events between patients who received and those who did not receive guidance in this regard, which indicates the importance of health professionals to provide specific information to their patients regarding adverse events to antiretroviral therapy. Thus the patient can understand the effects generated by the treatment and inform these professionals for the notification of adverse events, in order to improve pharmacovigilance actions and promote patient safety.","PeriodicalId":394666,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciências Farmacêutica Básica e Aplicadas - RCFBA","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130229758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marinei Campos Riccieri, H. Barreto, H. Pasquini-Netto, L. Okumura, Dandiany C. Sofka, M. Fachi, F. A. Motta
Objective: The Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) in hospitals aims to promote the rational use of antimicrobials, providing better results to patients (increasing effectiveness and decreasing the risk of adverse events), hospital epidemiology (impact on levels of microbial resistance), and enable cost-effectiveness studies. Therefore, a tool (called PRAT– antimicrobial therapy-related problem) is suggested in this paper. This unvalidated tool is the initial step towards organizing the antimicrobial therapy-related interventions to improve the use of this drug class, mainly by suggesting a harmonized registry process of ASP interventions. Methods: Therefore, this work presents the PRAT tool, developed based on the 10 years’ experience of ASP at Pequeno Principe Hospital, inspired by the classification for drug-related problems of the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe and according to a collaborative work using the Delphi technique. Results: This tool allows the identification and exact description of the antimicrobial therapy-related problem in 17 domains and 67 subcategories. Based on this identification, it suggests how to classify this problem (effectiveness, safety and need/indication) and what interventions can be conducted. Conclusion: This tool has the potential to establish a profile of antimicrobial-related problems, allowing prioritization to be visualized through the most (and least) interventions made in a given period, and might be useful in improving the quality of care through settings, by means of targeted educational interventions. Furthermore, if there is a harmonization of terminology for the classification of antimicrobial therapy-related problems, other hospitals can adopt it, and so the tool can improve research and comparison between institutions (benchmarking).
{"title":"PRAT tool: a harmonization of antimicrobial stewardship program interventions","authors":"Marinei Campos Riccieri, H. Barreto, H. Pasquini-Netto, L. Okumura, Dandiany C. Sofka, M. Fachi, F. A. Motta","doi":"10.4322/2179-443x.0735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2179-443x.0735","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) in hospitals aims to promote the rational use of antimicrobials, providing better results to patients (increasing effectiveness and decreasing the risk of adverse events), hospital epidemiology (impact on levels of microbial resistance), and enable cost-effectiveness studies. Therefore, a tool (called PRAT– antimicrobial therapy-related problem) is suggested in this paper. This unvalidated tool is the initial step towards organizing the antimicrobial therapy-related interventions to improve the use of this drug class, mainly by suggesting a harmonized registry process of ASP interventions. Methods: Therefore, this work presents the PRAT tool, developed based on the 10 years’ experience of ASP at Pequeno Principe Hospital, inspired by the classification for drug-related problems of the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe and according to a collaborative work using the Delphi technique. Results: This tool allows the identification and exact description of the antimicrobial therapy-related problem in 17 domains and 67 subcategories. Based on this identification, it suggests how to classify this problem (effectiveness, safety and need/indication) and what interventions can be conducted. Conclusion: This tool has the potential to establish a profile of antimicrobial-related problems, allowing prioritization to be visualized through the most (and least) interventions made in a given period, and might be useful in improving the quality of care through settings, by means of targeted educational interventions. Furthermore, if there is a harmonization of terminology for the classification of antimicrobial therapy-related problems, other hospitals can adopt it, and so the tool can improve research and comparison between institutions (benchmarking).","PeriodicalId":394666,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciências Farmacêutica Básica e Aplicadas - RCFBA","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121172769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. F. Farias, V. A. P. Martins, H. Yano, L. M. Trujillo, E. Pinto
Objective: The aim of this study was to highlight and sediment the necessary steps to be followed while conducting forced degradation studies to identify degradation products and to describe the Brazilian and international regulations associated with degradation studies of drugs and drug products. Methods: This review was conducted based on the Brazilian guidance tools as RDC 53/2015, Guide 4 and Question and Answer resource; references used as international guides; and articles in the field of degradation product analyses. Results: Characterization of the impurity profile for a substance, and development of indicative stability methods are essential criteria for compliance with current legislation, and address a legitimate health concern. As this matter falls under the purview of recently published regulation, many doubts remain regarding methods of conducting studies of forced degradation, and development of methods indicative of stability. Analytical conditions predict degradation after exposing them to thermal, humid, acidic, basic, oxidation, photolytic, and metal ion conditions. Conclusions: Although RDC 53/2015 outlines the parameters of degradation, the analytical conditions are not specified, as well as in other international standards. A well-designed forced degradation study is key to obtaining a good stability indicating method with peak purity and mass balance.
{"title":"Forced degradation studies to identify organic impurities in pharmaceuticals: a Brazilian perspective","authors":"F. F. Farias, V. A. P. Martins, H. Yano, L. M. Trujillo, E. Pinto","doi":"10.4322/2179-443x.0729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2179-443x.0729","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to highlight and sediment the necessary steps to be followed while conducting forced degradation studies to identify degradation products and to describe the Brazilian and international regulations associated with degradation studies of drugs and drug products. Methods: This review was conducted based on the Brazilian guidance tools as RDC 53/2015, Guide 4 and Question and Answer resource; references used as international guides; and articles in the field of degradation product analyses. Results: Characterization of the impurity profile for a substance, and development of indicative stability methods are essential criteria for compliance with current legislation, and address a legitimate health concern. As this matter falls under the purview of recently published regulation, many doubts remain regarding methods of conducting studies of forced degradation, and development of methods indicative of stability. Analytical conditions predict degradation after exposing them to thermal, humid, acidic, basic, oxidation, photolytic, and metal ion conditions. Conclusions: Although RDC 53/2015 outlines the parameters of degradation, the analytical conditions are not specified, as well as in other international standards. A well-designed forced degradation study is key to obtaining a good stability indicating method with peak purity and mass balance.","PeriodicalId":394666,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciências Farmacêutica Básica e Aplicadas - RCFBA","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124930665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juliana Fernandes Mendes, João Augusto Oshiro Junior, Camila G. Silva, L. A. Chiavacci
Organic inorganic hybrids present several advantages as drug release systems, such as: high flexibility, high mechanical and thermal resistance, transparency, and low water solubility. These hybrids are synthesized through a chemical route named sol-gel that usually uses as solvente tetrahydrofuran (THF). Objetives: To develop film formers from hybrid materials replacing THF with ethanol, a less toxic solvent for skin application and for the environment. Methods: Four polymers were used: two based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) with molecular weight of 500 and 1900 g mol-1 and two based on polypropylene oxide (PPO), with molecular weight of 400 and 2000 g mol-1. The structural analysis was performed by FTIR, 1H-NMR and 29Si-NMR, and the thermal-mechanical analysis by DSC and TG-DTA. Results: The results of the thermo-mechanical analysis revealed that the solvent replacement did not affect the thermal stability and flexibility of the di-ureasil hybrid. Conclusions: Structural characterization confirmed the formation of hybrids both in THF and in ethanol. Therefore, ethanol is an excellent solvent for the synthesis of these hybrid matrices, since it allows obtaining the same material without changing its characteristics, with some advantages, however, over THF. Furthermore, this paper describes the efficiency of ethanol as a solvent, which is environmentally friendly, to replace THF in the physical-chemical characteristics of these filming former materials.
有机无机杂化物作为药物释放系统具有高柔韧性、高机械和热阻、透明度和低水溶性等优点。这些杂化物是通过一种称为溶胶-凝胶的化学途径合成的，通常使用四氢呋喃(THF)作为溶剂。目的:用乙醇(一种对皮肤和环境都无害的低毒性溶剂)代替四氢呋喃制备成膜材料。方法:采用四种聚合物:两种分子量分别为500和1900 g mol-1的聚氧聚乙烯(PEO)和两种分子量分别为400和2000 g mol-1的聚氧聚丙烯(PPO)。采用FTIR、1H-NMR和29Si-NMR进行结构分析，DSC和TG-DTA进行热力学分析。结果:热力学分析结果表明，溶剂替代对双脲醇杂化物的热稳定性和柔韧性没有影响。结论:结构表征证实在四氢呋喃和乙醇中均能形成杂种。因此，乙醇是合成这些混合基质的优良溶剂，因为它可以在不改变其特性的情况下获得相同的材料，然而，与四氢呋喃相比，它有一些优势。此外，本文还描述了乙醇作为一种环境友好的溶剂，在这些薄膜原材料的物理化学特性上取代四氢呋喃的效率。
{"title":"Synthesis of ureasil-polyether film forming materials by using environmentally friendly solvent","authors":"Juliana Fernandes Mendes, João Augusto Oshiro Junior, Camila G. Silva, L. A. Chiavacci","doi":"10.4322/2179-443x.0730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2179-443x.0730","url":null,"abstract":"Organic inorganic hybrids present several advantages as drug release systems, such as: high flexibility, high mechanical and thermal resistance, transparency, and low water solubility. These hybrids are synthesized through a chemical route named sol-gel that usually uses as solvente tetrahydrofuran (THF). Objetives: To develop film formers from hybrid materials replacing THF with ethanol, a less toxic solvent for skin application and for the environment. Methods: Four polymers were used: two based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) with molecular weight of 500 and 1900 g mol-1 and two based on polypropylene oxide (PPO), with molecular weight of 400 and 2000 g mol-1. The structural analysis was performed by FTIR, 1H-NMR and 29Si-NMR, and the thermal-mechanical analysis by DSC and TG-DTA. Results: The results of the thermo-mechanical analysis revealed that the solvent replacement did not affect the thermal stability and flexibility of the di-ureasil hybrid. Conclusions: Structural characterization confirmed the formation of hybrids both in THF and in ethanol. Therefore, ethanol is an excellent solvent for the synthesis of these hybrid matrices, since it allows obtaining the same material without changing its characteristics, with some advantages, however, over THF. Furthermore, this paper describes the efficiency of ethanol as a solvent, which is environmentally friendly, to replace THF in the physical-chemical characteristics of these filming former materials.","PeriodicalId":394666,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciências Farmacêutica Básica e Aplicadas - RCFBA","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128115895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. R. Riani, L. M. Silva, Ohana Oliveira Zuza da Silva, Lauriene Ricardo Junqueira, J. Nascimento, A. Filho
Objectives: The aim of this study was the development and validation of a fast method to quantify artepillin C in green propolis using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Methods: High purity (97.8%) artepillin C was isolated from green propolis using chromatography techniques. Quantification was performed using a C18(2.1 x 100 mm; 1.7 μm) column, gradient of water and methanol (with 0.01% formic acid) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and 45 oC in temperature. A mass spectrometer operated in selected reaction monitoring mode to monitor the deprotonated molecular ion of artepillin C (m/z 299) > fragment ion (m/z 200.12). Several parameters such as specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, accuracy, and robustness were determined. Results: The method was linear in the 50 – 400 μg/mL range (r2 = 0.9906), showing LOD = 10.79 μg/mL and LOQ = 32.70 μg/mL with satisfactory intra-day and inter-day precision with relative standard deviation (RSD %) of 1.9% and 3.4%, respectively. The accuracy showed recovery of 93-104%, the method was robust and artepillin C was quantified in green propolis at 6.51%. Conclusions: The proposed method showed advantages in comparison with other methods, such as short analysis time and high selectivity for artepillin C.
{"title":"Development and validation of a UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the quantification of artepillin C in Brazilian green propolis","authors":"L. R. Riani, L. M. Silva, Ohana Oliveira Zuza da Silva, Lauriene Ricardo Junqueira, J. Nascimento, A. Filho","doi":"10.4322/2179-443X.0727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2179-443X.0727","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was the development and validation of a fast method to quantify artepillin C in green propolis using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Methods: High purity (97.8%) artepillin C was isolated from green propolis using chromatography techniques. Quantification was performed using a C18(2.1 x 100 mm; 1.7 μm) column, gradient of water and methanol (with 0.01% formic acid) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and 45 oC in temperature. A mass spectrometer operated in selected reaction monitoring mode to monitor the deprotonated molecular ion of artepillin C (m/z 299) > fragment ion (m/z 200.12). Several parameters such as specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, accuracy, and robustness were determined. Results: The method was linear in the 50 – 400 μg/mL range (r2 = 0.9906), showing LOD = 10.79 μg/mL and LOQ = 32.70 μg/mL with satisfactory intra-day and inter-day precision with relative standard deviation (RSD %) of 1.9% and 3.4%, respectively. The accuracy showed recovery of 93-104%, the method was robust and artepillin C was quantified in green propolis at 6.51%. Conclusions: The proposed method showed advantages in comparison with other methods, such as short analysis time and high selectivity for artepillin C.","PeriodicalId":394666,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciências Farmacêutica Básica e Aplicadas - RCFBA","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127837675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Mastroianni, Marina Vieira Borges, Marcela Forgerini, T. Nadai, F. Varallo
Background: Prescription of calcium polystyrene sulfonate (CPS) has been considered a trigger with good performance to detect hyperkalemia related to adverse drug events (ADE). However, CPS prescription may underestimate the rate of ADE. Objective: To compare the performance of the serum potassium level (SPL) >5.0mEq/L and CPS triggers in detecting hyperkalemia related to ADE. Design and setting: A six-month cross-sectional study was conducted in a Brazilian medium-complexity public hospital. Methods: SPL Tests with results >5.0mEq/L and the prescriptions of CPS of all patients hospitalized in the internal medicine and infectious diseases wards were used as trigger tools to detect potential ADE. Primary outcome: patients with hyperkalemia related to ADE. Secondary outcomes: effectiveness of treatments and ADE. Variables analyzed were SPL tests, CPS prescriptions, treatments of hyperkalemia and comorbidities. Positive predictive values (PPV) of CPS and SPL triggers were calculated and compared. Results: In total 2,466 SPL tests were assessed, of which 513 were triggered (>5.0mEq/L). The tests triggered 198 patients with hyperkalemia, of whom 121 had hyperkalemia related to ADE (PPV=0.61). In total, 101 CPS prescriptions triggered tests in 35 patients with hyperkalemia, among whom 21 cases were related to ADE (PPV=0.60). SPL detected 204 ADE (PPV=0.40), while CPS prescription detected 22 (PPV=0.21). Seven pharmacological and four non-pharmacological treatments were identified. CPS showed the lowest effectiveness (PPV=0.71). Conclusion: SPL>5.0mEq/L increased the detection of ADE by 9.3-fold, the number of patients tracked with hyperkalemia related to ADE by 5.8-fold, and doubled the performance in detection of ADE in comparison with the prescription of the CPS trigger.
{"title":"Serum potassium level used as trigger doubled the detection of adverse drug events when compared with calcium polystyrene sulfonate trigger: a cross-sectional study","authors":"P. Mastroianni, Marina Vieira Borges, Marcela Forgerini, T. Nadai, F. Varallo","doi":"10.4322/2179-443X.0724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2179-443X.0724","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prescription of calcium polystyrene sulfonate (CPS) has been considered a trigger with good performance to detect hyperkalemia related to adverse drug events (ADE). However, CPS prescription may underestimate the rate of ADE. Objective: To compare the performance of the serum potassium level (SPL) >5.0mEq/L and CPS triggers in detecting hyperkalemia related to ADE. Design and setting: A six-month cross-sectional study was conducted in a Brazilian medium-complexity public hospital. Methods: SPL Tests with results >5.0mEq/L and the prescriptions of CPS of all patients hospitalized in the internal medicine and infectious diseases wards were used as trigger tools to detect potential ADE. Primary outcome: patients with hyperkalemia related to ADE. Secondary outcomes: effectiveness of treatments and ADE. Variables analyzed were SPL tests, CPS prescriptions, treatments of hyperkalemia and comorbidities. Positive predictive values (PPV) of CPS and SPL triggers were calculated and compared. Results: In total 2,466 SPL tests were assessed, of which 513 were triggered (>5.0mEq/L). The tests triggered 198 patients with hyperkalemia, of whom 121 had hyperkalemia related to ADE (PPV=0.61). In total, 101 CPS prescriptions triggered tests in 35 patients with hyperkalemia, among whom 21 cases were related to ADE (PPV=0.60). SPL detected 204 ADE (PPV=0.40), while CPS prescription detected 22 (PPV=0.21). Seven pharmacological and four non-pharmacological treatments were identified. CPS showed the lowest effectiveness (PPV=0.71). Conclusion: SPL>5.0mEq/L increased the detection of ADE by 9.3-fold, the number of patients tracked with hyperkalemia related to ADE by 5.8-fold, and doubled the performance in detection of ADE in comparison with the prescription of the CPS trigger.","PeriodicalId":394666,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciências Farmacêutica Básica e Aplicadas - RCFBA","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123328882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the action of the tinctures of Hamamelis virginiana, Maytenus ilicifolia, and Casearia sylvestris on tissues. For this, we investigated the histological sections of fixed skin tissue of Wistar rats for the changes in collagen and elastic fibers, epithelial cells, conjunctive cells, epidermal attachments, pigments, and granules using the optical microscopy technique. Since in the literature and published articles, the use of in vivo models, such as Wistar rats, is predominant to evaluate the healing action of herbal medicines. Methods: The tinctures of Hamamelis virginiana, Maytenus ilicifolia, and Casearia sylvestris, and ethanol 70% (blank) were used. The tinctures were obtained at 10% (w/v) through percolation using 70% ethanol (v/v) as the extraction liquid. This study was conducted in duplicate for each tincture and different incubation times (4, 24, and 48 h) at 37 °C in an oven. The slides used in this study (Wistar rat skin) were previously processed at the histology laboratory since the waste material was donated to conduct this experiment. The Research Ethics Committee approved the use of animals of the Life Sciences Center of the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-CAMPINAS) under the protocol approval number 367/08. Before initiating the staining process, the slides were removed from the oven, and the tincture deposited on the slides was removed. Weigert staining was performed subsequently. For semi-quantitative analysis, the histological sections were carefully observed, and the number of collagen and elastic fibers was evaluated based on the following scale: (+) normal fiber pr esence, (−) slight decrease, (− −) moderate decrease, and (− − −) intense decrease. The images were digitally captured to obtain the results using a photomicroscope. Results: The degradation of collagen fibers was best evidenced upon using Hamamelis virginiana tincture, which is concordant with the existing reports in the literature on its healing action via the precipitation of dermal proteins. Maytenus ilicifolia and Casearia sylvestris tinctures exhibited low proteolytic capacity as they only caused degradation of elastic fibers that are more delicate and very different from collagen in their constitution. Therefore, the application of the latter two as healing agents (which acts through precipitating proteins) is limited. Conclusions: This experimental histological model using the optical microscopy technique exhibits the advantage of agility and high efficiency as a simple and powerful approach.
{"title":"Employing optical microscopy technique to determine the tissue action of Hamamelis virginianaL. (Hamamelidaceae), Maytenus ilicifoliaMart. ex Reissek (Celastraceae) and Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae) tinctures on skin-fixed histological sections of Wistar rats","authors":"R. Dezena, Aline Beraldo Ireno, G. H. D. Silva","doi":"10.4322/2179-443x.0733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2179-443x.0733","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the action of the tinctures of Hamamelis virginiana, Maytenus ilicifolia, and Casearia sylvestris on tissues. For this, we investigated the histological sections of fixed skin tissue of Wistar rats for the changes in collagen and elastic fibers, epithelial cells, conjunctive cells, epidermal attachments, pigments, and granules using the optical microscopy technique. Since in the literature and published articles, the use of in vivo models, such as Wistar rats, is predominant to evaluate the healing action of herbal medicines. Methods: The tinctures of Hamamelis virginiana, Maytenus ilicifolia, and Casearia sylvestris, and ethanol 70% (blank) were used. The tinctures were obtained at 10% (w/v) through percolation using 70% ethanol (v/v) as the extraction liquid. This study was conducted in duplicate for each tincture and different incubation times (4, 24, and 48 h) at 37 °C in an oven. The slides used in this study (Wistar rat skin) were previously processed at the histology laboratory since the waste material was donated to conduct this experiment. The Research Ethics Committee approved the use of animals of the Life Sciences Center of the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-CAMPINAS) under the protocol approval number 367/08. Before initiating the staining process, the slides were removed from the oven, and the tincture deposited on the slides was removed. Weigert staining was performed subsequently. For semi-quantitative analysis, the histological sections were carefully observed, and the number of collagen and elastic fibers was evaluated based on the following scale: (+) normal fiber pr esence, (−) slight decrease, (− −) moderate decrease, and (− − −) intense decrease. The images were digitally captured to obtain the results using a photomicroscope. Results: The degradation of collagen fibers was best evidenced upon using Hamamelis virginiana tincture, which is concordant with the existing reports in the literature on its healing action via the precipitation of dermal proteins. Maytenus ilicifolia and Casearia sylvestris tinctures exhibited low proteolytic capacity as they only caused degradation of elastic fibers that are more delicate and very different from collagen in their constitution. Therefore, the application of the latter two as healing agents (which acts through precipitating proteins) is limited. Conclusions: This experimental histological model using the optical microscopy technique exhibits the advantage of agility and high efficiency as a simple and powerful approach.","PeriodicalId":394666,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciências Farmacêutica Básica e Aplicadas - RCFBA","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126822995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulo Y Firmino, J. O. Carlos, Jonathas de Oliveira Linhares, N. R. Romero, M. Fonteles
*Corresponding author: yurifirmino@yahoo.com.br Abstract Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the short- and long-term outcomes of a clinical service provided by a pharmacist structured in a primary healthcare center (PHC) in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Methods: A longitudinal-type study was conducted. Data were collected from pharmacotherapy follow-up (PTF) records from the Pharmaceutical Care Unit of the PHC Dr. Anastácio Magalhães. The PTF was provided to patients diagnosed with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. Two groups were formed: records of patients who intended to undergo six months or more of PTF (PTF group) and those who opted not to go through with it after the first session (control). In addition, new blood pressure and glucose measurements were obtained after invitation by phone call at least six months after the completion of the PTF to assess maintenance of the benefits gained. The control patients were invited for this new data collection as well for comparison purposes. Research Ethics Committee approval protocol n o . 329.717. Results: A total of 224 patients were considered, 109 in the complete PTF group and 115 in the control group, where the following main results were obtained: systolic pressure (mean ± SD) went from 139.43±20.6 to 128.31±16.03 mmHg; diastolic pressure, from 82.45±11.44 to 77.68±9.21 mmHg; blood glucose, from151.78±75.8 to 121.39±47.56 mg/dL; and cardiovascular risk, from 21.59±9.42 to 18.95±9.06%. In comparison, the control group did not show significant changes on the above parameters. In the post-PTF analysis, the benefits gained tended to be maintained even at least six months after its conclusion. Conclusions: Thus, the findings of the present study suggest that the provision of the clinical pharmaceutical service assessed at the primary healthcare level offers benefits to patients who attended it for at least six months. Furthermore, the data also suggest that these benefits are maintained in
{"title":"Assessment of a clinical pharmaceutical service for hypertensive and/or diabetic patients in a primary healthcare center","authors":"Paulo Y Firmino, J. O. Carlos, Jonathas de Oliveira Linhares, N. R. Romero, M. Fonteles","doi":"10.4322/2179-443x.0776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2179-443x.0776","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author: yurifirmino@yahoo.com.br Abstract Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the short- and long-term outcomes of a clinical service provided by a pharmacist structured in a primary healthcare center (PHC) in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Methods: A longitudinal-type study was conducted. Data were collected from pharmacotherapy follow-up (PTF) records from the Pharmaceutical Care Unit of the PHC Dr. Anastácio Magalhães. The PTF was provided to patients diagnosed with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. Two groups were formed: records of patients who intended to undergo six months or more of PTF (PTF group) and those who opted not to go through with it after the first session (control). In addition, new blood pressure and glucose measurements were obtained after invitation by phone call at least six months after the completion of the PTF to assess maintenance of the benefits gained. The control patients were invited for this new data collection as well for comparison purposes. Research Ethics Committee approval protocol n o . 329.717. Results: A total of 224 patients were considered, 109 in the complete PTF group and 115 in the control group, where the following main results were obtained: systolic pressure (mean ± SD) went from 139.43±20.6 to 128.31±16.03 mmHg; diastolic pressure, from 82.45±11.44 to 77.68±9.21 mmHg; blood glucose, from151.78±75.8 to 121.39±47.56 mg/dL; and cardiovascular risk, from 21.59±9.42 to 18.95±9.06%. In comparison, the control group did not show significant changes on the above parameters. In the post-PTF analysis, the benefits gained tended to be maintained even at least six months after its conclusion. Conclusions: Thus, the findings of the present study suggest that the provision of the clinical pharmaceutical service assessed at the primary healthcare level offers benefits to patients who attended it for at least six months. Furthermore, the data also suggest that these benefits are maintained in","PeriodicalId":394666,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciências Farmacêutica Básica e Aplicadas - RCFBA","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128172828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Zingerone alleviates cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties","authors":"S. M. Dawood, F. Mumtaz, Raju Padiya","doi":"10.4322/2179-443x.0759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2179-443x.0759","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":394666,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciências Farmacêutica Básica e Aplicadas - RCFBA","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131935777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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