Pub Date : 2019-04-09DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691190112.003.0001
W. Jordan
This introductory chapter briefly covers the relatively underexplored topic of conversion during the Crusades. It points to the French king Louis IX's program for the conversion of Muslims, which incorporated, because of circumstances, a small number of pagan refugees as well. This was part of a complex of conversionary impulses long associated with Louis IX. There are notable differences among his various efforts, but there are also remarkable parallels and similarities. After first summarizing these other, better-investigated endeavors, as well as some related developments in the thirteenth century, the chapter proceeds to set the scene for the king's attempts to bring Muslims and pagans to the Catholic faith.
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{"title":"INDEX","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvc77fp2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77fp2.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396975,"journal":{"name":"The Apple of His Eye","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129968101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EPILOGUE","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvc77fp2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77fp2.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396975,"journal":{"name":"The Apple of His Eye","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116149810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ACKNOWLEDGMENTS","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvc77fp2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77fp2.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396975,"journal":{"name":"The Apple of His Eye","volume":"920 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123051612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-09DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691190112.003.0005
W. Brown
This concluding chapter reflects on the successes of Louis IX's to convert Muslims and pagans to Christianity. It considers the effects of these successes on the events of 1270. After all, conversion was a major motivating factor in the king's last crusade. This expedition took him to his death from illness at the siege of Tunis in 1270. The chapter speculates on his last circuit of the domain to the many microregions settled with converts whom he had brought back from overseas. These people might have served as a poignant reminder and renewal of this aspect of his crusade mission.
{"title":"The Last Crusade","authors":"W. Brown","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691190112.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691190112.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This concluding chapter reflects on the successes of Louis IX's to convert Muslims and pagans to Christianity. It considers the effects of these successes on the events of 1270. After all, conversion was a major motivating factor in the king's last crusade. This expedition took him to his death from illness at the siege of Tunis in 1270. The chapter speculates on his last circuit of the domain to the many microregions settled with converts whom he had brought back from overseas. These people might have served as a poignant reminder and renewal of this aspect of his crusade mission.","PeriodicalId":396975,"journal":{"name":"The Apple of His Eye","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132354539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter discusses Louis IX's efforts to initiate his personal project of bringing Muslims to the Catholic faith in the run up to, and during, the Crusade in 1248–1254. The dominant mood of Christendom at the time was one of overflowing optimism, characterized by dramatic conversions in the wake of the anticipated Christian conquest. An aspect of this wishful scenario was the expectation that defeated Muslim rulers and commanders would start the process of conversion by themselves going to the baptismal font, thus inspiring or insisting that their people do so as well. Indeed, conversion of the Muslim enemy was an important component of the fantasy world of the western knight. “Fantasy” is a favorite word among students of these matters. Yet it was also a scenario, albeit repellant, imagined Muslims fighting the crusaders, who feared that Christian victories over them would lead to waves of conversions.
{"title":"The Crusade of 1248–1254","authors":"W. Jordan","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvc77fp2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77fp2.7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses Louis IX's efforts to initiate his personal project of bringing Muslims to the Catholic faith in the run up to, and during, the Crusade in 1248–1254. The dominant mood of Christendom at the time was one of overflowing optimism, characterized by dramatic conversions in the wake of the anticipated Christian conquest. An aspect of this wishful scenario was the expectation that defeated Muslim rulers and commanders would start the process of conversion by themselves going to the baptismal font, thus inspiring or insisting that their people do so as well. Indeed, conversion of the Muslim enemy was an important component of the fantasy world of the western knight. “Fantasy” is a favorite word among students of these matters. Yet it was also a scenario, albeit repellant, imagined Muslims fighting the crusaders, who feared that Christian victories over them would lead to waves of conversions.","PeriodicalId":396975,"journal":{"name":"The Apple of His Eye","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130563173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter explores the challenges encountered during the task of settling immigrant converts in France. Muslim and pagan converts (whether slave or free, prior to baptism in Acre and France) were fully separated from native Frenchmen by habits and speech. Only providing them money directly and keeping close watch over them could assure that the king's plan for them had the remotest chance to succeed. But the task would not be an easy one. Converted Muslims and pagans suffered from total displacement. They had no immediate local knowledge of the kingdom in which they had arrived (everything they “knew” was based on hearsay), and they had little reason at the time, if ever, to love France. Moreover, the Near Eastern lingua franca a few of the immigrants spoke was not French. Acquiring genuine competency in the language of northern France—the focus of this chapter—took time.
{"title":"The Resettlement of the Converts","authors":"W. Jordan","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvc77fp2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77fp2.8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the challenges encountered during the task of settling immigrant converts in France. Muslim and pagan converts (whether slave or free, prior to baptism in Acre and France) were fully separated from native Frenchmen by habits and speech. Only providing them money directly and keeping close watch over them could assure that the king's plan for them had the remotest chance to succeed. But the task would not be an easy one. Converted Muslims and pagans suffered from total displacement. They had no immediate local knowledge of the kingdom in which they had arrived (everything they “knew” was based on hearsay), and they had little reason at the time, if ever, to love France. Moreover, the Near Eastern lingua franca a few of the immigrants spoke was not French. Acquiring genuine competency in the language of northern France—the focus of this chapter—took time.","PeriodicalId":396975,"journal":{"name":"The Apple of His Eye","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126376363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-09DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691190112.003.0004
W. Jordan
This chapter determines just how successful Louis IX's conversion project had been. It first asks how many converted Muslims and pagans had actually settled in France. All the chroniclers and thirteenth-century biographers of Louis IX who write about the conversion project appear to imply that the overwhelming proportion of converts were from Islam. The chapter, however, presents a more complicated picture through the use of documentary evidence, and creates a rough estimate of the converted population in northern France during the thirteenth century. In addition, the chapter explores the other logistical concerns of settling these immigrant converts in France, covering their royal stipends and endowments, occupations, population densities, how well they assimilated into French society, and similar.
{"title":"Living in France","authors":"W. Jordan","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691190112.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691190112.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter determines just how successful Louis IX's conversion project had been. It first asks how many converted Muslims and pagans had actually settled in France. All the chroniclers and thirteenth-century biographers of Louis IX who write about the conversion project appear to imply that the overwhelming proportion of converts were from Islam. The chapter, however, presents a more complicated picture through the use of documentary evidence, and creates a rough estimate of the converted population in northern France during the thirteenth century. In addition, the chapter explores the other logistical concerns of settling these immigrant converts in France, covering their royal stipends and endowments, occupations, population densities, how well they assimilated into French society, and similar.","PeriodicalId":396975,"journal":{"name":"The Apple of His Eye","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132885137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Living in France","authors":"Philip Holland","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvc77fp2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77fp2.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396975,"journal":{"name":"The Apple of His Eye","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116146143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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