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Editor’s note Editor’s音符
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/17494060.2021.1988345
Marian Jago
One of the most interesting and downright fun parts of editing a journal such as Jazz Perspectives is the ability to facilitate just that – the sharing of multiple points of view and points of entry for considering jazz as music and as/in culture. This issue is, I think, a pretty good example of how broad perspectives on jazz so often coalesce serendipitously: Alan Ainsworth walks us through the often less considered visual and nonsounding aspects of jazz via his work on the rhetorical content of jazz studio portraits 1920-1945; Brian Harker tackles the controversy surrounding Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, and authorship in the performance of “Ko Ko” and considers the various elements at stake in such debates; and Sean Smither applies the concept of avant-texte to an exploration of the relationship between “All the Things You Are” and it’s various expressions. We also have a book review by Rebecca Zola of the recent collection Playing for Keeps: Improvisation in the Aftermath; and two reviews of the recent film The United States vs. Billie Holiday (2021), one from journal co-founder Lewis Porter, and the other from Gayle Murchison who brings the lens of #BLM to bear. As the global Covid-19 pandemic continues to impact lives around the world, I am particularly grateful to those authors and reviewers (as well as my fellow editors here at Jazz Perspectives) who have taken the time to share their work and experience with us.
编辑像《爵士视角》这样的期刊最有趣、最纯粹的乐趣之一就是能够促进这种交流——分享多种观点和切入点,将爵士乐视为音乐和文化。我认为,这个问题是一个很好的例子,说明了对爵士乐的广泛看法是如何经常偶然地结合在一起的:艾伦·安斯沃思(Alan Ainsworth)通过他对1920-1945年爵士乐工作室肖像的修辞内容的研究,向我们展示了爵士乐中经常被忽视的视觉和非声音方面;布莱恩·哈克(Brian Harker)处理了围绕迈尔斯·戴维斯(Miles Davis)、迪兹·吉莱斯皮(Dizzy Gillespie)和“Ko Ko”表演的作者身份的争议,并考虑了这些争论中利害攸关的各种因素;Sean Smither则运用先锋文本(avant-text)的概念来探索“All the Things You Are”与其各种表达之间的关系。我们还有丽贝卡·佐拉(Rebecca Zola)对最近出版的《为生存而战:事后即兴创作》的书评;以及最近上映的电影《美国大战比莉·霍乐迪》(2021)的两篇评论,一篇来自期刊联合创始人刘易斯·波特,另一篇来自盖尔·默奇森,他把#BLM的镜头带到了人们的视野中。随着全球Covid-19大流行继续影响世界各地的生活,我特别感谢那些花时间与我们分享他们的工作和经验的作者和审稿人(以及我在Jazz Perspectives的同事编辑)。
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引用次数: 0
Rhetoric of the Jazz Studio Portrait 爵士工作室肖像的修辞
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/17494060.2021.1947870
A. Ainsworth
ABSTRACT This article explores the context and rhetoric of jazz studio portraiture between 1920–45. Often dismissed as publicity material, portraiture as a site of performative agency has been underestimated. These photographs were among the first conscious representations of jazz and tell us much about the emerging self-identity of jazz musicians. In a celebrity age exemplified by Hollywood glamor photography, portraiture was a key element in the negotiation with commercial entertainment and cultural modernity by both African American and white jazz musicians although the racialized entertainment discourse created sharp tensions for black players. Contrasted with the modernist photography emerging from the Hollywood studios however jazz portraits lacked the rhetorical certainty of celebrity discourse. The ambition of jazz portraiture to narrativize the place of jazz in relation to mass entertainment was consistently pulled between constructions of musical artistry and entertainment, between art and commerce, and its divorce from performance settings underscored these ambiguities. In providing scope for the performative agency of musicians, the rhetoric of jazz studio portraiture visualizes the complexities in the relationships between jazz and mainstream culture and undermines the simple antinomies often used to describe these relationships.
本文探讨了1920 - 1945年间爵士乐工作室肖像的背景和修辞。作为宣传材料的肖像经常被忽视,作为表演机构的场所被低估了。这些照片是爵士乐的第一个有意识的表现,并告诉我们很多关于爵士音乐家的新兴自我认同。在以好莱坞魅力摄影为代表的名人时代,肖像是非洲裔美国人和白人爵士音乐家与商业娱乐和文化现代性谈判的关键因素,尽管种族化的娱乐话语对黑人球员造成了尖锐的紧张。然而,与好莱坞工作室出现的现代主义摄影相比,爵士肖像缺乏名人话语的修辞确定性。爵士乐肖像画的野心在于叙述爵士乐在大众娱乐中的地位,它一直被拉在音乐艺术和娱乐的结构之间,在艺术和商业之间,它与表演环境的分离强调了这些模糊性。在为音乐家的表演代理提供范围时,爵士乐工作室肖像的修辞将爵士乐与主流文化之间关系的复杂性可视化,并破坏了通常用于描述这些关系的简单二律背反。
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引用次数: 0
Playing for Keeps: Improvisation in the Aftermath 持续演奏:即兴演奏
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/17494060.2021.1940583
R. Zola
Playing for Keeps is a collection of essays bound together by the common thread of the word “improvisation” in interaction with situations of crisis, such as in the aftermath of war, as a response to destruction or occupation, or as a way of protest, healing, or reflection. The way in which improvisation comes to be expressed in each chapter is diverse, and sometimes feels foreign when moving from one essay to the next. Improvisation in certain chapters may refer to a specific musical performative act, while in other chapters, may refer to improvising creative processes (Vos), improvisation as a mode of subversive messaging (Lomanno), as a method for negotiation between different musical and cultural practices (Galloway), or as a form of “witnessing” (Fischlin). While on one hand, improvisation morphs into a catch-all, fulfilling so many different definitions and interpretations, it can also be illuminating to understand the many ways that the term can be applied to social-musical contexts. Academic writing that intersects improvisational studies and interdisciplinary arts practices (addressing improvisation from multiple academic fields and perspectives) is becoming increasingly popular in recent publications. Playing for Keeps is part of a series from Duke University Press called Improvisation, Community and Social Practice that falls into this subgenre. The other four books from the series that predate Playing for Keeps also focus on improvisation, but have slightly different approaches. The first two books in the series, People Get Ready: The Future of Jazz is Now!, and The Fierce Urgency of Now: Improvisation, Rights, and the Ethics of CoCreation focus on improvisation in jazz and its connections with social change, referring to improvisation as a mode of musical practice. The third book of the series, Negotiated Moments: Improvisation, Sound and Subjectivity views improvisation in a more interdisciplinary light, in relation to the marginalized human body. The fourth, Improvisation and Social Aesthetics, leans into the scholarly territory of mediation and understanding social aesthetics, in the context of improvisational practices. Fischlin is also the editor of the journal Critical Studies in Improvisation, which provides ongoing research and perspectives in this ever-expanding field, and creates a space for debate and collaboration in negotiating “improvisation”. The Oxford Handbook of Critical Improvisation Studies (two volumes), which like the Critical Studies in Improvisation journal also include contributions from a range of disciplines outside of music, highlight how improvisation has been central to critical thinking
《为守护而战》是一本散文集,由“即兴创作”一词的共同主线结合在一起,与危机局势互动,如战争结束后,作为对破坏或占领的回应,或作为抗议、治愈或反思的一种方式。即兴创作在每一章中的表达方式都是多样的,有时在从一篇文章转到下一篇文章时会感到陌生。某些章节中的即兴创作可能指的是特定的音乐表演行为,而在其他章节中,即兴创作可能是指即兴创作过程(Vos)、作为颠覆性信息传递模式的即兴创作(Lomanno)、作为不同音乐和文化实践之间协商的方法(Galloway)或作为一种“见证”形式(Fischlin)。一方面,即兴创作演变成了一种包罗万象的东西,实现了许多不同的定义和解释,但理解这个词在社会音乐语境中的多种应用方式也很有启发性。将即兴创作研究和跨学科艺术实践相结合的学术写作(从多个学术领域和角度处理即兴创作)在最近的出版物中越来越受欢迎。《为守护而战》是杜克大学出版社名为《即兴创作、社区和社会实践》系列的一部分,属于这一子类别。该系列的其他四本书早于《为守护而战》,也专注于即兴创作,但方法略有不同。该系列的前两本书《人们做好准备:爵士乐的未来是现在!》!,《现在的迫切性:即兴创作、权利和共同创作的伦理》关注爵士乐中的即兴创作及其与社会变革的联系,将即兴创作视为一种音乐实践模式。该系列的第三本书《协商的时刻:即兴、声音和主体性》从更跨学科的角度看待即兴创作,与边缘化的人体有关。第四部分,即兴与社会美学,在即兴实践的背景下,倾向于中介和理解社会美学的学术领域。Fischlin还是《即兴创作中的批判性研究》杂志的编辑,该杂志在这个不断扩大的领域提供了持续的研究和观点,并为谈判“即兴创作”创造了辩论和合作的空间。《牛津批判性即兴研究手册》(两卷本)与《即兴批判性研究》杂志一样,也收录了音乐以外一系列学科的贡献,强调了即兴创作是批判性思维的核心
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引用次数: 4
All the Things Tunes Are: Avant-Textes and Referents in Jazz Improvisation 曲调的一切:爵士即兴创作中的先锋派文本和指涉物
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/17494060.2021.1924227
Sean R. Smither
ABSTRACT Jerome Kern's “All the Things You Are” has enjoyed a lengthy and varied history as a jazz standard. Like many other standards, hundreds of recordings of the tune exist, each rendition different from the last. This radically pluralistic identity makes it difficult to pin down what exactly “All the Things You Are” is. In this article, I argue that the notion of an avant-texte may be used to engage with the pluralistic identity of the jazz tune. Originally developed by literary scholars dealing with authors’ sketches, the term avant-texte describes a network of documents that can be traced in order to determine how the identity of a text is constituted and changes over time. I argue that improvisers construct such networks based on the versions of a tune with which they become familiar, eventually forming a referent for improvisation. By analyzing some of the manifold relations between various recordings of Kern's composition across history, I demonstrate how particular creative choices proliferate throughout the network and gradually alter not only the tune's current identity as a referent but also the future paths the tune's identity might take.
杰罗姆·科恩(Jerome Kern)的《你是什么》(All the Things You Are)作为爵士乐的标准曲有着悠久而多变的历史。像许多其他标准一样,这首曲子有数百个录音,每一个版本都与上一个不同。这种极端多元的身份使得我们很难确定“你是什么”到底是什么。在这篇文章中,我认为先锋派文本的概念可以用来参与爵士乐曲调的多元身份。“先锋文本”一词最初是由文学学者在处理作者的草图时发展起来的,它描述了一个可以追踪的文件网络,以确定文本的身份是如何构成的,以及随着时间的推移是如何变化的。我认为,即兴创作者根据他们熟悉的曲调版本构建这样的网络,最终形成即兴创作的参照。通过分析历史上Kern作品的各种录音之间的多种关系,我展示了特定的创造性选择如何在整个网络中扩散,并逐渐改变曲调当前作为参考物的身份,以及曲调身份可能采取的未来路径。
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引用次数: 0
Old Wine, New Bottles: Record Collecting, Jazz Reissues, and the Jazz Tradition 旧酒,新瓶:唱片收集,爵士重新发行,和爵士传统
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17494060.2021.1883709
Steven F. Pond
ABSTRACT This article argues that reissues – whether in the form of repackaged and re-released recordings that have gone out of print, recordings republished in new media with the change of playback technology, or collected as historical compilation albums – form a hub of activities by jazz collectors, critics, producers, and historians – roles often filled by the same person. As curated aural texts, reissues, in recurring fashion over jazz’s recorded past, form connective tissue for the distorted historical narrative of jazz as representing a “coherent whole.” The article tracks three broad historical moments in which reissues have played a crucial role in constructing the “jazz tradition” commonly portrayed in textbooks: (1) the rise of the reissues market through Commodore Records, (2) the pairing of collected tracks on compilation albums with a flourishing jazz history book trade in the postwar era, and (3) combining nostalgia for music of past decades with the advent of new recording and playback technology, and the move to remastered, completist collectors' series exemplified by Mosaic Records at the turn of the 21st century. The article ends with speculation about how the most recent uptick in reissuing might aid in disrupting the “jazz tradition” edifice.
摘要本文认为,重新发行——无论是以绝版的重新包装和重新发行的唱片的形式,还是随着播放技术的改变而在新媒体上重新发布的唱片,或是作为历史汇编专辑收集的唱片——都是爵士乐收藏者、评论家、制作人和历史学家的活动中心——角色往往由同一个人扮演。作为精心策划的听觉文本,在爵士乐记录的过去中以反复出现的方式重新发行,形成了爵士乐扭曲的历史叙事的连接组织,代表了一个“连贯的整体”。“这篇文章追踪了三个广泛的历史时刻,在这些时刻,重新发行在构建教科书中常见的“爵士乐传统”中发挥了至关重要的作用:(1)通过Commodore Records重新发行市场的兴起,(2)汇编专辑中收集的曲目与战后繁荣的爵士乐历史书籍交易相结合,以及(3)将对过去几十年音乐的怀念与新的录音和播放技术的出现相结合,并在21世纪之交转向以Mosaic Records为例的重新制作的完整收藏家系列。这篇文章的结尾是关于最近重新发行的增加可能有助于破坏“爵士乐传统”大厦的猜测。
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引用次数: 1
Sweet Science, Sweet Thunder: Jazz, Pugilism, and the Fine Art of Criticism 甜美的科学,甜美的雷霆:爵士乐、拳击与批评艺术
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17494060.2021.1895868
David Cosper
ABSTRACT This article proceeds from the observation that language describing the performances of jazz musicians and prizefighters with reference to one another is common to both sports writing and jazz criticism. I take this as an invitation to explore the historical context, critical significance, and musical implications of the interrelationship of these two crafts, with particular focus on Miles Davis's score to the documentary film A Tribute to Jack Johnson (1971). This begins with an unpacking of Davis's well-documented commitment to “the sweet science” in light of discourses of race and masculinity in mid-century US jazz culture. I then offer a close reading of one of the Jack Johnson session recordings as a musical analogue of the unique boxing cadence of Muhammad Ali, a contemporary athlete who embodied the Black Power-era reimagination of Jack Johnson realized in Davis's score/album.
摘要本文观察到,描述爵士乐音乐家和职业拳击手表演的语言在体育写作和爵士乐批评中都很常见。我邀请您探讨这两种工艺相互关系的历史背景、批判意义和音乐含义,特别关注Miles Davis为纪录片《致敬Jack Johnson》(1971)配乐。首先,根据本世纪中期美国爵士乐文化中关于种族和男子气概的论述,戴维斯对“甜蜜科学”的承诺得到了充分的证明。然后,我仔细阅读了杰克·约翰逊的一段录音,这是对当代运动员穆罕默德·阿里独特拳击节奏的音乐模拟,他体现了戴维斯的乐谱/专辑中对杰克·约翰逊的黑人力量时代的重新想象。
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引用次数: 0
Defending the “Improvisation as Conversation” Model of Improvised Musical Performance 捍卫即兴音乐表演的“即兴即对话”模式
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17494060.2021.1889640
Sam McAuliffe
ABSTRACT It was in the 1990s that the metaphor commonly employed to explain and understand improvisation in jazz, “improvisation as conversation” came into prominence. In 2015 however, Wilson and MacDonald, from the perspective of music psychology, argued that this widespread model for understanding improvisation via language metaphors was inadequate to explain improvisation in music, broadly construed. While I agree with Wilson and MacDonald that there are flaws in the “improvisation as conversation” model, I also believe this model offers benefits and insights worth preserving. Thus, rather do away with the model, in this paper I defend a conversational understanding of improvisation by rethinking the idea of language and conversation that underpins the model. Instead of deploying a “rule-based” understanding of language, in this article I explore how understanding language as “conversation,” such as explicated in the philosophies of Gadamer and Davidson, might effectively address some of the challenges presented by Wilson and MacDonald.
摘要20世纪90年代,爵士乐中常用来解释和理解即兴创作的隐喻“即兴即对话”开始崭露头角。然而,2015年,Wilson和MacDonald从音乐心理学的角度出发,认为这种通过语言隐喻理解即兴创作的广泛模式不足以解释音乐中的即兴创作。虽然我同意Wilson和MacDonald的观点,即“即兴对话”模式存在缺陷,但我也相信这种模式提供了值得保留的好处和见解。因此,在本文中,我通过重新思考支撑该模型的语言和对话的概念,来捍卫对即兴创作的对话理解。在这篇文章中,我没有部署对语言的“基于规则”的理解,而是探索如何将语言理解为“对话”,如伽达默尔和戴维森哲学中所阐述的,可以有效地解决Wilson和MacDonald提出的一些挑战。
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引用次数: 2
RIPM Jazz Periodicals RIPM爵士期刊
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17494060.2021.1897263
Aleisha Ward
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引用次数: 0
Kick It: A Social History of the Drum Kit: by Matt Brennan, New York, Oxford University Press, 2020, 384 pp., $29.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-19-068387-0 《踢它:鼓包的社会史》马特·布伦南著,纽约,牛津大学出版社,2020年,384页,29.95美元(平装),ISBN 978-0-19-068387-0
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.1080/17494060.2020.1840784
R. Bliek
The title of Matt Brennan’s book right away raises the question of what it means to write the history of a musical instrument. As a “social” history, Brennan “aims to situate the story of the drum ...
马特·布伦南(Matt Brennan)这本书的标题立刻提出了一个问题:写一种乐器的历史意味着什么?作为一部“社会”史,布伦南“旨在将鼓的故事置于……
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引用次数: 0
Early Blues and Jazz Authorship in the Case of the “Livery Stable Blues” 早期蓝调与爵士的创作——以“马厩蓝调”为例
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17494060.2020.1833071
Katherine M. Leo
ABSTRACT A 1917 copyright lawsuit over sheet music pursuant to the Original Dixieland Jazz Band’s first commercially successful record revealed challenges in determining legal authorial attribution and ownership for musicians more accustomed to communal creative processes. The case unearthed a network of at least ten eligible musicians, but it was eventually dismissed, such that no musician could be legally recognized as author – a decision that left many wondering: who created “Livery Stable Blues”? By examining extant court documents, this article demonstrates how distributed authorship models can facilitate more acute understandings of creative processes in early blues and jazz.
1917年,一场针对原始迪克西兰爵士乐队(Original Dixieland Jazz Band)第一张商业成功唱片的乐谱版权诉讼,揭示了对于更习惯于共同创作过程的音乐家来说,确定合法作者归属和所有权的挑战。这起案件揭露了一个由至少10名符合条件的音乐家组成的网络,但最终被驳回,这样就没有音乐家可以在法律上被承认为作者——这一决定让许多人想知道:是谁创作了“Livery Stable Blues”?通过检查现存的法庭文件,本文演示了分布式作者模型如何促进对早期蓝调和爵士创作过程的更敏锐的理解。
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引用次数: 3
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Jazz Perspectives
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