Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/07078552.2018.1492081
A. Akram‐Lodhi
Abstract Fair trade has been presented by its advocates as a progressive rural development strategy. Fair trade is, however, a specific configuration of capitalist relations of exploitation in which exploitation takes two forms: the exploitation of labour and monopsonistic exploitation. Moreover, these processes are strongly gendered. As such, fair trade serves to deepen the character of the capitalist market imperatives subordinating peasant farmers and rural workers.
{"title":"Alternatives","authors":"A. Akram‐Lodhi","doi":"10.1080/07078552.2018.1492081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2018.1492081","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fair trade has been presented by its advocates as a progressive rural development strategy. Fair trade is, however, a specific configuration of capitalist relations of exploitation in which exploitation takes two forms: the exploitation of labour and monopsonistic exploitation. Moreover, these processes are strongly gendered. As such, fair trade serves to deepen the character of the capitalist market imperatives subordinating peasant farmers and rural workers.","PeriodicalId":39831,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Political Economy","volume":"99 1","pages":"213 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07078552.2018.1492081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59990953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/07078552.2018.1492216
T. Pouch, A. Trouvé
Abstract The European Union is currently experiencing a structural crisis of overproduction in the dairy sector, following a rapid and far-reaching deregulation of markets. No agricultural policy tool so far has been able to solve this crisis in a coordinated way on a European scale. This inability of European authorities is linked to the use of economic theories that deny the possibility of such a crisis.
{"title":"Deregulation and the crisis of dairy markets in Europe: facts for economic interpretation","authors":"T. Pouch, A. Trouvé","doi":"10.1080/07078552.2018.1492216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2018.1492216","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The European Union is currently experiencing a structural crisis of overproduction in the dairy sector, following a rapid and far-reaching deregulation of markets. No agricultural policy tool so far has been able to solve this crisis in a coordinated way on a European scale. This inability of European authorities is linked to the use of economic theories that deny the possibility of such a crisis.","PeriodicalId":39831,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Political Economy","volume":"99 1","pages":"194 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07078552.2018.1492216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44745532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/07078552.2018.1492063
Éric Pineault
Abstract Canada’s political economy has been reshaped by extractivist forces based in the western tar sands. The objective of this article is to propose a model of these socioeconomic forces identifying the structures and dynamics that characterize the hydrocarbon extractive sector in an “age of extreme oil” through the development of a theory of the capitalist pressure to extract “unburnable carbon.” This aspect of our model has wider significance for an ecological and political economics given the emerging policy consensus around the need to transition from carbon-based economies because the capitalist pressure to extract acts as a powerful counterforce to this ecological imperative.
{"title":"The capitalist pressure to extract: the ecological and political economy of extreme oil in Canada","authors":"Éric Pineault","doi":"10.1080/07078552.2018.1492063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2018.1492063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Canada’s political economy has been reshaped by extractivist forces based in the western tar sands. The objective of this article is to propose a model of these socioeconomic forces identifying the structures and dynamics that characterize the hydrocarbon extractive sector in an “age of extreme oil” through the development of a theory of the capitalist pressure to extract “unburnable carbon.” This aspect of our model has wider significance for an ecological and political economics given the emerging policy consensus around the need to transition from carbon-based economies because the capitalist pressure to extract acts as a powerful counterforce to this ecological imperative.","PeriodicalId":39831,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Political Economy","volume":"99 1","pages":"130 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07078552.2018.1492063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42098748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/07078552.2018.1492214
Marc Lee
Abstract This study re-examines Canada’s contribution to global climate change by looking at the extracted carbon—the total amount of fossil fuels removed from Canadian soil that ends up in the atmosphere—whether used for domestic purposes or combusted elsewhere. The paper estimates a supply-side carbon budget for extracted carbon based on Canada’s share of global fossil-fuel reserves. Finally, the paper considers the incremental emissions potential of proposed new bitumen pipelines and liquefied natural gas facilities.
{"title":"Extracted carbon and Canada’s international trade in fossil fuels","authors":"Marc Lee","doi":"10.1080/07078552.2018.1492214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2018.1492214","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study re-examines Canada’s contribution to global climate change by looking at the extracted carbon—the total amount of fossil fuels removed from Canadian soil that ends up in the atmosphere—whether used for domestic purposes or combusted elsewhere. The paper estimates a supply-side carbon budget for extracted carbon based on Canada’s share of global fossil-fuel reserves. Finally, the paper considers the incremental emissions potential of proposed new bitumen pipelines and liquefied natural gas facilities.","PeriodicalId":39831,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Political Economy","volume":"99 1","pages":"114 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07078552.2018.1492214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45136269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/07078552.2018.1492204
P. Graefe
Abstract Work on state rescaling has generally argued that economic restructuring is hollowing out the state at the nation-state level. The ambiguity of this formulation, with the displacement of power potentially being recuperated through governance, is accentuated by a thin political analysis. This paper follows Purcell in emphasizing state-citizen relations and institutionalization in the state rescaling process, which constrains changes in scalar relationships even when the state is neoliberalized. The regulation of public health care in Canada provides an example of the relevance of state-citizen relations in shaping state rescaling, as these limited the ability of actors seeking to reduce federal leadership and standardization as part of health privatization.
{"title":"State rescaling, institutionalized state-citizen relationships, and Canadian health policy","authors":"P. Graefe","doi":"10.1080/07078552.2018.1492204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2018.1492204","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Work on state rescaling has generally argued that economic restructuring is hollowing out the state at the nation-state level. The ambiguity of this formulation, with the displacement of power potentially being recuperated through governance, is accentuated by a thin political analysis. This paper follows Purcell in emphasizing state-citizen relations and institutionalization in the state rescaling process, which constrains changes in scalar relationships even when the state is neoliberalized. The regulation of public health care in Canada provides an example of the relevance of state-citizen relations in shaping state rescaling, as these limited the ability of actors seeking to reduce federal leadership and standardization as part of health privatization.","PeriodicalId":39831,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Political Economy","volume":"99 1","pages":"175 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07078552.2018.1492204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47660839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/07078552.2018.1492074
W. Carroll, Shannon Daub
The three essays in this theme section are from the Corporate Mapping Project (CMP)— a partnership of universityand community-based researchers and activists who, together, investigate the power of Canada’s fossil-fuel extractive sector. Launched in 2015 amid a collapsing oil price and during the lead-up to the Paris climate talks, our work to date has been conducted during a period of tremendous political–economic churn, sharpening conflict and resistance, and worsening climate impacts. Together, the three essays starkly reveal the imperative to wind down fossil fuel production by mid-century, as well as the tremendous barriers confronting Canada as a producer-country whose political, economic, and cultural character has been defined so heavily by resource extraction. Indeed, it is this quandary that the CMP seeks to illuminate and help break. The CMP (which we codirect) combines a critical political economy/ecology of fossil capital with action research, public sociology, and policy-analysis initiatives that support activist communities in the urgent and intensifying struggle for a just and sustainable postcarbon future. Hosted by the University of Victoria, and led jointly by the University of Victoria, the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (BC and Saskatchewan offices), and the Alberta-based Parkland Institute, the CMP:
{"title":"Corporate power, fossil capital, climate crisis: introducing the Corporate Mapping Project","authors":"W. Carroll, Shannon Daub","doi":"10.1080/07078552.2018.1492074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2018.1492074","url":null,"abstract":"The three essays in this theme section are from the Corporate Mapping Project (CMP)— a partnership of universityand community-based researchers and activists who, together, investigate the power of Canada’s fossil-fuel extractive sector. Launched in 2015 amid a collapsing oil price and during the lead-up to the Paris climate talks, our work to date has been conducted during a period of tremendous political–economic churn, sharpening conflict and resistance, and worsening climate impacts. Together, the three essays starkly reveal the imperative to wind down fossil fuel production by mid-century, as well as the tremendous barriers confronting Canada as a producer-country whose political, economic, and cultural character has been defined so heavily by resource extraction. Indeed, it is this quandary that the CMP seeks to illuminate and help break. The CMP (which we codirect) combines a critical political economy/ecology of fossil capital with action research, public sociology, and policy-analysis initiatives that support activist communities in the urgent and intensifying struggle for a just and sustainable postcarbon future. Hosted by the University of Victoria, and led jointly by the University of Victoria, the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (BC and Saskatchewan offices), and the Alberta-based Parkland Institute, the CMP:","PeriodicalId":39831,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Political Economy","volume":"99 1","pages":"111 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07078552.2018.1492074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47542021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/07078552.2018.1492083
Angela V. Carter
Abstract This paper examines the diverse policy strategies that Canada’s largest oil-producing provinces have used to protect their oil sectors from constraints on emissions. Building from the literature on Canada’s staples/carbon trap, the paper explores how, over the most recent oil sector boom and bust period, Newfoundland and Labrador and Saskatchewan moved towards, but then avoided, constraining oil sector emissions. At the same time, Alberta implemented ostensibly pioneering climate policies but ultimately permitted significant emissions growth from the tar sands industry. The paper explains this variation by reviewing major institutional, interest group, and ideational conditions in each province, emphasizing the importance of non-oil interests contesting the oil sector and dominant notions of staples-led economic development.
{"title":"Policy pathways to carbon entrenchment: responses to the climate crisis in Canada’s petro-provinces","authors":"Angela V. Carter","doi":"10.1080/07078552.2018.1492083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2018.1492083","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines the diverse policy strategies that Canada’s largest oil-producing provinces have used to protect their oil sectors from constraints on emissions. Building from the literature on Canada’s staples/carbon trap, the paper explores how, over the most recent oil sector boom and bust period, Newfoundland and Labrador and Saskatchewan moved towards, but then avoided, constraining oil sector emissions. At the same time, Alberta implemented ostensibly pioneering climate policies but ultimately permitted significant emissions growth from the tar sands industry. The paper explains this variation by reviewing major institutional, interest group, and ideational conditions in each province, emphasizing the importance of non-oil interests contesting the oil sector and dominant notions of staples-led economic development.","PeriodicalId":39831,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Political Economy","volume":"99 1","pages":"151 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07078552.2018.1492083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47698065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07078552.2018.1440983
D. Livingstone, Brendan Watts
Abstract The changing structure of employment classes in Canada is documented. Growing proportions are found in professional occupations generally. Four different professional classes are distinguished: professional employers, self-employed professionals, professional managers, and professional employees. Nonmanagerial employment classes include increasing proportions of professional employees. Professional employees’ perceived working conditions and economic attitudes are coming closer to those of traditional working class employees, suggesting increasing proletarianization. Implications are suggested.
{"title":"The changing class structure and pivotal role of professional employees in an advanced capitalist “knowledge economy”: Canada, 1982–2016","authors":"D. Livingstone, Brendan Watts","doi":"10.1080/07078552.2018.1440983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2018.1440983","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The changing structure of employment classes in Canada is documented. Growing proportions are found in professional occupations generally. Four different professional classes are distinguished: professional employers, self-employed professionals, professional managers, and professional employees. Nonmanagerial employment classes include increasing proportions of professional employees. Professional employees’ perceived working conditions and economic attitudes are coming closer to those of traditional working class employees, suggesting increasing proletarianization. Implications are suggested.","PeriodicalId":39831,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Political Economy","volume":"99 1","pages":"79 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07078552.2018.1440983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41339410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07078552.2018.1440985
S. Ryan, M. Young
Abstract This paper shows how Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) serve to expand privatization in areas of social reproduction and care work. SIBs extend neoliberalism and austerity in the social care sector through the financialization of care work. They open these domains as a new frontier for investment markets, creating inequity for already marginalized groups. The paper concludes with an overview of the SIB landscape in Canada and explores its possibilities for growth.
{"title":"Social impact bonds: the next horizon of privatization","authors":"S. Ryan, M. Young","doi":"10.1080/07078552.2018.1440985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2018.1440985","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper shows how Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) serve to expand privatization in areas of social reproduction and care work. SIBs extend neoliberalism and austerity in the social care sector through the financialization of care work. They open these domains as a new frontier for investment markets, creating inequity for already marginalized groups. The paper concludes with an overview of the SIB landscape in Canada and explores its possibilities for growth.","PeriodicalId":39831,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Political Economy","volume":"99 1","pages":"42 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07078552.2018.1440985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48676049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/07078552.2018.1440988
Heather Whiteside
Abstract Are public-private partnerships (P3s) better, faster, and cheaper, as their proponents suggest? If P3s do not deliver on those promises, how might we explain their perennial appeal? Mutation and malleability have been part of the P3 story since the very beginning. This includes procurement arguments offered in favour of P3s, developments in private finance, and the leading forms of project development. Shapeshifting has, in turn, reconfigured the nature and purpose of public services and works, affecting the ease, possibility, and desirability of returning to the “public” option. Overcoming P3s requires more than addressing issues of profitmaking from public services, a common concern on the Left. It equally calls for addressing how P3s have reconfigured the “public interest” and reoriented state decisionmaking.
{"title":"Public works: better, faster, cheaper infrastructure?","authors":"Heather Whiteside","doi":"10.1080/07078552.2018.1440988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2018.1440988","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Are public-private partnerships (P3s) better, faster, and cheaper, as their proponents suggest? If P3s do not deliver on those promises, how might we explain their perennial appeal? Mutation and malleability have been part of the P3 story since the very beginning. This includes procurement arguments offered in favour of P3s, developments in private finance, and the leading forms of project development. Shapeshifting has, in turn, reconfigured the nature and purpose of public services and works, affecting the ease, possibility, and desirability of returning to the “public” option. Overcoming P3s requires more than addressing issues of profitmaking from public services, a common concern on the Left. It equally calls for addressing how P3s have reconfigured the “public interest” and reoriented state decisionmaking.","PeriodicalId":39831,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Political Economy","volume":"99 1","pages":"19 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07078552.2018.1440988","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48975384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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