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Currents of Great Salt Lake, Utah 犹他州大盐湖的水流
Pub Date : 1975-01-03 DOI: 10.34191/ug-2-2_103
W. Katzenberger, J. A. Whelan
The chief factor controlling currents in Great Salt Lake is inflow. In the south arm inflow from Bear River and from Farmington Bay sets up two major counterclockwise currents. In the north arm, flow through culverts in the Southern Pacific Railroad causeway induces two major northwest-flowing currents. Currents in Great Salt Lake caused by winds are rare and diminish rapidly.
控制大盐湖水流的主要因素是入流。在南臂,来自贝尔河和法明顿湾的流入形成了两个主要的逆时针流。在北岸,流经南太平洋铁路堤道涵洞的水流形成了两股向西北方向流动的水流。大盐湖由风引起的海流很少见,而且会迅速减少。
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引用次数: 2
Heavy Metals in the Great Salt Lake, Utah 犹他州大盐湖的重金属
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34191/ug-4-1_19
P. L. Tayler, Lynn A. Hutchinson, Melvin K. Muir
The Great Salt Lake is a closed basin that drains a large part of northern Utah and parts of Wyoming and Idaho. The lake is a repository of all inorganic materials both suspended and dissolved that are carried by the streams flowing into the lake. Some of the salts are concentrated by several orders of magnitude in the lake over the natural concentration in the inflowing streams. It is the objective of this paper to determine if several heavy metals, specifically copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury, lead, and arsenic are also concentrating in the lake and to determine the behavior of these metals in the lake. A major obstacle to the study was the difficulty in analyzing the trace elements in the concentrated lake brines due to interference from the salts in the water. Methods for analyzing trace elements in brines were developed and are explained in detail in the paper. It was found that the concentrations of both total and dissolved metals in the lake are very low, and in the case of copper, zinc, and cadmium, are lower than the concentrations in the inflowing streams. It appears that the metals are precipitating along with clays, organics, and carbonates into the bottom sediments of the lake where anaerobic bacterial action is immobilizing the metals.
大盐湖是一个封闭的盆地,犹他州北部的大部分地区以及怀俄明州和爱达荷州的部分地区都位于此。湖泊是所有悬浮和溶解的无机物质的储存库,这些物质由流入湖泊的溪流携带。有些盐在湖中的浓度比流入溪流中的自然浓度高好几个数量级。本文的目的是确定几种重金属,特别是铜,锌,镉,汞,铅和砷是否也在湖中集中,并确定这些金属在湖中的行为。研究的一个主要障碍是由于水中盐分的干扰而难以分析浓湖盐水中的微量元素。本文对卤水中微量元素的分析方法进行了阐述。研究发现,湖泊中总金属和溶解金属的浓度都很低,其中铜、锌和镉的浓度低于入流溪流中的浓度。这些金属似乎与粘土、有机物和碳酸盐一起沉淀到湖底沉积物中,在那里厌氧细菌的作用使金属固定。
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引用次数: 8
Subdivisions of the Major Physiographic Provinces in Utah 犹他州主要地理省份的细分
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34191/ug-4-1_1
W. L. Stokes
Utah includes large segments of three major physiographic provinces, the Colorado Plateau, Middle Rocky Mountains, and Basin and Range. Small parts of the Wyoming Basin and Columbia and Snake River Plateaus are also included. Because these provinces are all very large, it is advantageous to subdivide them into sections for description and reference. The following sections are proposed as subdivisions of the major physiographic provinces: Colorado Plateau: Uinta Basin, Book Cliffs-Roan Plateau, Mancos Shale Lowlands, Uncompahgre Extension, Salt Anticline, La Sal Mountains, Hatch Syncline, Great Sage Plain, Abajo (Blue) Mountains, Blanding Basin, Monument Upwarp, Slick-rock, Kaiparowits Plateau Escalante Benches, Grand Staircase, St. George Basin, Circle Cliffs-Teasdale Anticlines, Henry Mountains, San Rafael Swell, Green River Desert, Inner Canyonlands. Middle Rocky Mountains: Wasatch Range, Wasatch Hinterland, Clarkston Mountain, Cache Valley, Bear River Plateau-Bear Lake, Bear River, Crawford Mountains, Uinta Mountains. Wyoming Basin: Green River Basin. Basin and Range-Colorado Plateaus (Subprovince): Wasatch Plateau, Sanpete-Sevier Valleys, Gunnison Plateau-Valley Mountains, Pavant Range-Canyon Range, Tushar Volcanic, Southern High Plateaus, Tonoquints Volcanic. Basin and Range: Great Salt Lake, Lakeside, Wasatch Front Valleys, Uinta Extension, Thomas Mountains-Tintic Mountains, Sevier Desert-Black Rock Desert, Confusion Basin, Beaver Dam Range, Deep Creek Mountains, Great Salt Lake Desert, Goose Creek-Raft River (a small part is in the Columbia and Snake River Plateaus), Curlew Valley, Hansel Mountains-West Hills
犹他州包括三个主要地理省份的大部分地区,科罗拉多高原,中落基山脉,盆地和山脉。怀俄明盆地和哥伦比亚和蛇河高原的一小部分也包括在内。由于这些省份都很大,所以将它们细分为章节便于描述和参考。以下部分被提议作为主要地理省份的细分:温塔盆地、Book Cliffs-Roan高原、Mancos页岩低地、Uncompahgre延伸、盐背斜、La Sal山脉、Hatch向斜、大圣平原、Abajo(蓝色)山脉、Blanding盆地、Monument Upwarp、slickrock、Kaiparowits高原Escalante长凳、Grand Staircase、圣乔治盆地、Circle Cliffs-Teasdale背斜、Henry山脉、San Rafael Swell、绿河沙漠、内峡谷地。中部落基山脉:瓦萨奇山脉,瓦萨奇腹地,克拉克斯顿山,卡什谷,熊河高原-熊湖,熊河,克劳福德山,温塔山脉。怀俄明盆地:绿河盆地。盆地和山脉-科罗拉多高原(省):Wasatch高原,Sanpete-Sevier山谷,Gunnison高原-山谷山脉,Pavant山脉-峡谷山脉,Tushar火山,南部高原,Tonoquints火山。盆地和山脉:大盐湖,湖滨,瓦萨奇前谷,尤因塔延伸,托马斯山脉-廷蒂克山脉,塞维尔沙漠-黑岩沙漠,混乱盆地,海狸坝山脉,深溪山脉,大盐湖沙漠,鹅溪-筏河(一小部分在哥伦比亚和蛇河高原),Curlew山谷,汉塞尔山脉-西山
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引用次数: 12
Bibliography of Utah Geology 1973 犹他州地质参考书目1973
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34191/c-60
Papers on the geology and mineral resources of Utah that have appeared during 1974 are listed here and, in addition, 1973 papers that did not appear in "Bibliography of Utah Geology 1973" (Utah Geology, v. 1, no. 1).
此处列出了1974年出现的关于犹他州地质和矿产资源的论文,此外,1973年未出现在“犹他州地质1973年参考书目”中的论文(犹他州地质,第1卷,第1期)。1).
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引用次数: 0
Weathering of the Salt Lake City and County Building Dimension Stone 盐湖市县建筑尺寸石的风化研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34191/ri-76
B. Kaliser
Study of thirteen cores and a hand specimen taken from the dimension stone of the Salt Lake City and County Building indicates that the weathering results mainly from mechanical rather than chemical processes. Penetration of water into the stone with alternate freezing and thawing is considered to be the most important process at work.
对盐湖城县大厦尺寸石的13个岩心和一个手样的研究表明,风化作用主要是机械作用而不是化学作用。通过交替的冻结和解冻将水渗透到石头中被认为是工作中最重要的过程。
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引用次数: 1
Geology of the Roosevelt Hot Springs Area, Beaver County, Utah 犹他州比弗县罗斯福温泉区的地质
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34191/ug-2-2_109
C. Petersen
In the Roosevelt Hot Springs area on the western flank of the Mineral Range, Beaver County, Utah, Precambrian metamorphic rocks (principally biotite gneiss), Tertiary granite of the Mineral Range pluton, and late Pliocene or Pleistocene silicic volcanic rocks protrude through an extensive, westward sloping apron of alluvial fan deposits. North-trending faults are present in the foothills of the Mineral Range. Another conspicuous north-trending fault, the Dome fault, offsets Pleistocene(?) siliceous hot-spring deposits. Roosevelt Hot Springs, which no longer flow, were near the Dome fault. North and northeast-trending faults that produced small displacements in the alluvial fan surface were mapped in the central and western parts of the Roosevelt area. East-trending faults may also be present. Temperature gradients as high as 26.8°F per 100 feet have been reported. Steam was discharged from one well in 1968 and from another in 1975. The silica geothermometer and the sodium-potassium-calcium geothermometer were applied to published analyses of Roosevelt Hot Springs water; the silica geothermometer indicated reservoir temperatures of 210° and 195°C, and the Na-K-Ca geothermometer gave temperatures of 298° and 292°C.
在犹他州比弗县矿物山脉西侧的罗斯福温泉地区,前寒武纪变质岩(主要是黑云母片麻岩)、矿物山脉岩体的第三纪花岗岩和晚上新世或更新世的硅质火山岩从冲积扇沉积物的向西倾斜的广泛的围裙中突出出来。向北的断层出现在矿物山脉的山麓。另一条明显的北向断裂穹窿断裂与更新世硅质温泉沉积相抵消。罗斯福温泉位于多姆断层附近,现在已经不再流动。在罗斯福地区的中部和西部绘制了在冲积扇表面产生小位移的北向和东北向断裂。东向断层也可能存在。据报道,每100英尺的温度梯度高达26.8华氏度。1968年从一口井排放蒸汽,1975年从另一口井排放蒸汽。采用硅质地温计和钠钾钙地温计对已发表的罗斯福温泉水质进行了分析;石英地温计测得储层温度分别为210°和195°C, Na-K-Ca地温计测得温度分别为298°和292°C。
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引用次数: 2
Pleistocene Volcanic Ash Deposits in Utah 犹他州更新世火山灰矿床
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34191/ug-4-1_35
W. Nash, Rebecca Pope Smith
The major western Pleistocene volcanic ashes are reviewed with emphasis on their occurrence in Utah. The Pleistocene Bishop ash, Pearlette type 0 ash, Mazama ash, and several local ashes have been identified in Utah. The value of these extensive ash layers as stratigraphic markers depends on the ability to distinguish between them. Techniques employed to distinguish the ashes are discussed with emphasis on using the chemical composition of the volcanic glass shards. The major element chemistry of the glass portion of these ashes is presented together with that of other Cascade ashes and the Green Mountain Reservoir ash. It is noted that in the concentrations of major elements these ashes are all chemically similar to rhyolite, and only titanium, calcium, and iron are useful in separating the ash layers. The trace element con ten t (titanium, barium, manganese, iron, chlorine, rubidium, yttrium, zirconium, strontium, and niobium) of these ashes is more conclusive in identifying the ash layers. Some heretofore undescribed ashes from the east flank of the Oquirrh Mountains are not chemically similar to any other well characterized Pleistocene ash and are chemically distinct from Tertiary ashes occurring in the Salt Lake Group of the Bonneville Basin as well.
综述了西更新世主要的火山灰,重点介绍了其在犹他州的分布。更新世Bishop灰、Pearlette 0型灰、Mazama灰和一些当地灰已在犹他州被发现。这些广泛的灰层作为地层标志的价值取决于区分它们的能力。讨论了用于区分灰烬的技术,重点是利用火山玻璃碎片的化学成分。这些灰的玻璃部分的主要元素化学与其他瀑布灰和绿山水库灰一起呈现。值得注意的是,在主要元素的浓度下,这些灰烬在化学上都与流纹岩相似,只有钛、钙和铁有助于分离灰烬层。这些灰烬中的微量元素含量(钛、钡、锰、铁、氯、铷、钇、锆、锶和铌)在确定灰层方面更具决定性。迄今为止,来自奥奎尔山东侧的一些未被描述的灰烬在化学上与任何其他已被充分描述的更新世灰烬不相似,在化学上也与Bonneville盆地盐湖群中的第三纪灰烬不同。
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引用次数: 3
Depression Structures in Unconsolidated Sediments of Great Salt Lake, Utah 犹他州大盐湖松散沉积物中的凹陷结构
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34191/ug-2-2_91
Alan C. Seelos, J. Oldroyd, D. R. Allen
Unusual structures, most forming depressions but some domes, occur on the clay flats along the west and northeast shores of Great Salt Lake. They are submerged by the present high water levels (1975) but were exposed at the time of previous studies (1960-1961 and 1971 ). Trenches cutting the structures in cross section and cores taken within and around the structures reveal a variety of forms in layered and contorted clays and unconsolidated silts, sands, oolites, gypsum, and gypsum crystals. Information obtained by Stifel (1964) and by this study is not sufficient or definitive enough to explain the origin of these un usual and puzzling structures. Their origin is open to speculation. Techniques for obtaining peel samples of trench walls are described in detail.
在大盐湖西部和东北海岸的粘土平原上,出现了不寻常的构造,大多数形成了洼地,但也有一些形成了圆顶。它们被目前的高水位(1975年)淹没,但在以前的研究(1960-1961年和1971年)中是暴露的。在横截面上切割构造的沟槽和构造内部和周围的岩心揭示了层状和扭曲的粘土、未固结的粉砂、砂、鲕粒、石膏和石膏晶体的各种形式。Stifel(1964)和本研究获得的信息不足以解释这些不寻常和令人困惑的结构的起源。它们的起源值得推测。详细描述了获取沟壁剥离样品的技术。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence of Petrified Wood in Coal, Kane County, Utah 犹他州凯恩县煤炭中石化木材的赋存
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34191/ug-4-1_29
H. Doelling
Silicified wood has been found in a thin coal bed of the Dakota Formation (lowest Upper Cretaceous) in the southwestern Kaiparowits Plateau in Kane County, Utah. It is not expected that metamorphic processes would partly coalify and partly silicify the plant remains. The occurrence is local. No significant coarse clastic material, other than the logs, is present in the coal bed. No satisfactory explanation for its presence can be deduced.
在美国犹他州凯恩县凯帕罗沃特斯高原西南部达科塔组(上白垩统下)薄煤层中发现了硅化木。预计变质作用不会部分煤化和部分硅化植物残骸。这种情况是局部的。除原木外,煤层中不存在显著的粗碎屑物质。对于它的存在,没有令人满意的解释。
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引用次数: 0
Amatrice Hill Variscite Deposit, Tooele County, Utah 阿马特里切山Variscite矿床,图尔县,犹他州
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.34191/ri-74
H. Doelling
Variscite (A1PO4 ·2H2 O) is found in Utah in three principal deposits: Clay Canyon, Lucin, and Amatrice Hill. Amatrice Hill, on the east flank of the Stansbury Mountains near Stockton, is the most recently found deposit and the only one mined at present. The mineral occurs as nodules in faulted and brecciated limestones of the Pennsylvanian-Permian Oquirrh Formation. Variscite resembles turquoise in color and is used similarly in jewelry. It is softer, however, and generally not as durable. Larger pieces are used for decorative stone. Three principal types based on pattern and color are recognized: jade, apple blossom, and cobweb. A blue color variant has been called variquoise.
Variscite (A1PO4·2H2 O)在犹他州的三个主要矿床中被发现:Clay Canyon, Lucin和Amatrice Hill。阿马特里切山位于斯托克顿附近斯坦斯伯里山脉的东侧,是最近发现的矿藏,也是目前唯一开采的矿藏。这种矿物以结核形式存在于宾夕法尼亚-二叠纪奥奇尔组的断裂和角化灰岩中。Variscite在颜色上类似于绿松石,同样用于珠宝。然而,它更柔软,而且通常不那么耐用。较大的石块用作装饰石。根据图案和颜色,可以识别出三种主要类型:玉石、苹果花和蜘蛛网。一种蓝色的变体被称为蓝松石。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Utah Geology
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