We investigate the cyclic homology and free resolution effect of a commutative unital Banach algebra. Using the free resolution operator, we define the relative cyclic homology of commutative Banach algebras. Lemmas and theorems of this investigation are studied and proved. Finally, the relation between cyclic homology and relative cyclic homology of Banach algebra is deduced.
{"title":"On the Homology Theory of Operator Algebras","authors":"A. Noreldeen","doi":"10.1155/2012/368527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/368527","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the cyclic homology and free resolution effect of a commutative unital Banach algebra. Using the free resolution operator, we define the relative cyclic homology of commutative Banach algebras. Lemmas and theorems of this investigation are studied and proved. Finally, the relation between cyclic homology and relative cyclic homology of Banach algebra is deduced.","PeriodicalId":39893,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2012-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/368527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64316471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new class of multifunctions, called upper (lower) 𝛽(𝜇𝑋,𝜇𝑌)-continuous multifunctions, has been defined and studied. Some characterizations and several properties concerning upper (lower) 𝛽(𝜇𝑋,𝜇𝑌)-continuous multifunctions are obtained. The relationships between upper (lower) 𝛽(𝜇𝑋,𝜇𝑌)-continuous multifunctions and some known concepts are also discussed.
{"title":"On Upper and Lower (,)-Continuous Multifunctions","authors":"C. Boonpok","doi":"10.1155/2012/931656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/931656","url":null,"abstract":"A new class of multifunctions, called upper (lower) 𝛽(𝜇𝑋,𝜇𝑌)-continuous multifunctions, has been defined and studied. Some characterizations and several properties concerning upper (lower) 𝛽(𝜇𝑋,𝜇𝑌)-continuous multifunctions are obtained. The relationships between upper (lower) 𝛽(𝜇𝑋,𝜇𝑌)-continuous multifunctions and some known concepts are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":39893,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2012-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90071417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The original classiffcation of PBIBDs defined group divisible designs GDD( 𝑣 = 𝑣 1 + 𝑣 2 + ⋯ + 𝑣 𝑔 , 𝑔 , 𝑘 , 𝜆 1 , 𝜆 2 ) with 𝜆 1 ≠ 0 . In this paper, we prove that the necessary conditions are suffcient for the existence of the group divisible designs with two groups of unequal sizes and block size three with 𝜆 2 = 1 .
{"title":"Group Divisible Designs with Two Associate Classes and 2=1","authors":"N. Pabhapote, N. Punnim","doi":"10.1155/2011/148580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/148580","url":null,"abstract":"The original classiffcation of PBIBDs defined group divisible designs GDD( 𝑣 = 𝑣 1 + 𝑣 2 + ⋯ + 𝑣 𝑔 , 𝑔 , 𝑘 , 𝜆 1 , 𝜆 2 ) with 𝜆 1 ≠ 0 . In this paper, we prove that the necessary \u0000conditions are suffcient for the existence of the group divisible designs with two groups \u0000of unequal sizes and block size three with 𝜆 2 = 1 .","PeriodicalId":39893,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2011-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73345213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the long-time behavior of solutions to nonautonomous semilinear parabolic systems involving the Grushin operators in bounded domains. We prove the existence of a pullback -attractor in for the corresponding process in the general case. When the system has a special gradient structure, we prove that the obtained pullback -attractor is more regular and has a finite fractal dimension. The obtained results, in particular, extend and improve some existing ones for the reaction-diffusion equations and the Grushin equations.
{"title":"On the Dynamics of Nonautonomous Parabolic Systems Involving the Grushin Operators","authors":"Toi Vu Manh","doi":"10.1155/2011/178057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/178057","url":null,"abstract":"We study the long-time behavior of solutions to nonautonomous semilinear parabolic systems involving the Grushin operators in bounded domains. We prove the existence of a pullback -attractor in for the corresponding process in the general case. When the system has a special gradient structure, we prove that the obtained pullback -attractor is more regular and has a finite fractal dimension. The obtained results, in particular, extend and improve some existing ones for the reaction-diffusion equations and the Grushin equations.","PeriodicalId":39893,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2011-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2011/178057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64259280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geometric sensitivity for single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) is given by a double integral over the detection plane. It would be useful to be able to explicitly evaluate this quantity. This paper shows that the inner integral can be evaluated in the situation where there is no gamma ray penetration of the material surrounding the pinhole aperature. This is done by converting the integral to an integral in the complex plane and using Cauchy's theorem to replace it by one which can be evaluated in terms of elliptic functions.
{"title":"Geometric Sensitivity of a Pinhole Collimator.","authors":"Howard Jacobowitz, Scott D Metzler","doi":"10.1155/2010/915958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/915958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Geometric sensitivity for single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) is given by a double integral over the detection plane. It would be useful to be able to explicitly evaluate this quantity. This paper shows that the inner integral can be evaluated in the situation where there is no gamma ray penetration of the material surrounding the pinhole aperature. This is done by converting the integral to an integral in the complex plane and using Cauchy's theorem to replace it by one which can be evaluated in terms of elliptic functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":39893,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2010-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/915958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32062397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the global stability, the periodic character, and the boundedness character of the positive solutions of the difference equation 𝑥𝑛
研究了差分方程的整体稳定性、周期特征和正解的有界性特征
{"title":"On the Rational Recursive Sequence","authors":"Zayed E.M.E., El Moneam","doi":"10.1155/2008/391265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/391265","url":null,"abstract":"We study the global stability, the periodic character, and the boundedness character of the positive solutions of the difference equation 𝑥𝑛","PeriodicalId":39893,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2008-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2008/391265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64170137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By introducing some parameters, we establish generalizations of the Hilbert-type inequality. As applications, the reverse and its equivalent form are considered.
通过引入一些参数,我们建立了hilbert型不等式的推广。作为应用,考虑了反向及其等价形式。
{"title":"On a Generalization of Hilbert-Type Integral Inequality","authors":"Sun Bao-ju","doi":"10.1155/2008/381650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/381650","url":null,"abstract":"By introducing some parameters, we establish generalizations of the Hilbert-type inequality. As applications, the reverse and its equivalent form are considered.","PeriodicalId":39893,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2008-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2008/381650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64169745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The regularity of solutions to variational inequalities involving local operators has been studied extensively. Less attention has been paid to those involving nonlocal pseudodifferential operators. We present two regularity results for such problems.
{"title":"A Note on the Regularity of the Solutions to Two Variational Inequalities Involving a Pseudodifferential Operator","authors":"R. Cooper","doi":"10.1155/2007/95738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/95738","url":null,"abstract":"The regularity of solutions to variational inequalities involving local operators has been studied extensively. Less attention has been paid to those involving nonlocal pseudodifferential operators. We present two regularity results for such problems.","PeriodicalId":39893,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2007-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2007/95738","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64160525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-07-13DOI: 10.1155/IJMMS/2006/34538
Zuodong Yang
Our goal is to establish the theorems of existence and multiple of positive entire solutions for a class quasilinear elliptic equations in ℝN with the Schauder-Tychonoff fixed point theorem as the principal tool. In many articles, the theorems of existence and multiple of positive entire solutions for a class semilinear elliptic equations are established. The results of the semilinear equations are extended to the quasilinear ones and the results of semilinear equations are developed.
{"title":"On the existence of multiple positive entire solutions for a class of quasilinear elliptic equations","authors":"Zuodong Yang","doi":"10.1155/IJMMS/2006/34538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/IJMMS/2006/34538","url":null,"abstract":"Our goal is to establish the theorems of existence and multiple of positive entire solutions for a class quasilinear elliptic equations in ℝN with the Schauder-Tychonoff fixed point theorem as the principal tool. In many articles, the theorems of existence and multiple of positive entire solutions for a class semilinear elliptic equations are established. The results of the semilinear equations are extended to the quasilinear ones and the results of semilinear equations are developed.","PeriodicalId":39893,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2006-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/IJMMS/2006/34538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64881733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-06-04DOI: 10.1155/IJMMS/2006/46561
Xue Zhiqun
Let E be a real uniformly smooth Banach space, and K a nonempty closed convex subset of E. Assume that T1
设E为实一致光滑巴拿赫空间,K为E的非空闭凸子集,设T1
{"title":"Approximation of fixed points of strongly pseudocontractive mappings in uniformly smooth Banach spaces.","authors":"Xue Zhiqun","doi":"10.1155/IJMMS/2006/46561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/IJMMS/2006/46561","url":null,"abstract":"Let E be a real uniformly smooth Banach space, and K a nonempty closed convex subset of E. Assume that T1","PeriodicalId":39893,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2006-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/IJMMS/2006/46561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64881798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}