{"title":"Evaluating the Role of E-Commerce in Economic Growth: \"Slemani City as an Example \"","authors":"Farhad Naseraldeen Rashid","doi":"10.25098/4.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25098/4.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":398980,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Cihan University – Sulaimanyia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125704446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bank credit is one of the most important roles of banks in economic activity, whereby banks play an important role in financing the economic and social development process. Considering that, bank credit is the most attractive area of investment for banks due to the high returns achieved from it compared to other investments, which achieves the main goal of banks and is to obtain the largest possible volume of profits. The research is based on the hypothesis that: The banking system was unable to manage the credit process in a manner that leads to the development of the financial system in Iraq, and thus contribute to the development of the Iraqi economy during the period of the research (2010-2018). The research aims to verify the research hypothesis, through analyzing and evaluating the reality of bank credit and its management in Iraq during the period of the research, using a number of criteria and indicators approved in this field.
{"title":"Analysis and Evaluation of Bank Credit in Iraq (2010-2018)","authors":"M. I. Ahmad","doi":"10.25098/4.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25098/4.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Bank credit is one of the most important roles of banks in economic activity, whereby banks play an important role in financing the economic and social development process. Considering that, bank credit is the most attractive area of investment for banks due to the high returns achieved from it compared to other investments, which achieves the main goal of banks and is to obtain the largest possible volume of profits. The research is based on the hypothesis that: The banking system was unable to manage the credit process in a manner that leads to the development of the financial system in Iraq, and thus contribute to the development of the Iraqi economy during the period of the research (2010-2018). The research aims to verify the research hypothesis, through analyzing and evaluating the reality of bank credit and its management in Iraq during the period of the research, using a number of criteria and indicators approved in this field.","PeriodicalId":398980,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Cihan University – Sulaimanyia","volume":"278 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134138430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Employees Attitude towards Compensation System at Private Sulaymaniyah Universities in Iraqi Kurdistan Region","authors":"Blesa Ibrahim Mohammed","doi":"10.25098/4.2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25098/4.2.28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":398980,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Cihan University – Sulaimanyia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129798112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to establish and identify what is taken to be the distinctively feminine subject matters in The Woman warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts which is a book written by the Chinese American author Maxine Hong Kingston from a multicultural perspective. Furthermore, it is to uncover in literary history a female tradition to show that there is a distinctive feminine mode of experience, or subjectivity, in thinking, valuing, and perceiving oneself and the outer world. Its main concern is to see woman as producer of genres and structures of literature. It also examines how gender, culture, family and traditions interact and transmit cultural effects on the self and identity. The major characters in The Woman Warrior such as the author, the mother Brave Orchid, and the auntie Moon Orchid, live in a Chinese ethnic community isolated from the conventional society. Moreover, to a great extent gendered experience of the female major characters is characterized by ethnic identity as well. The applied methodology in this paper is a feminist gynocritical approach. Gynocriticism is the examination of female writers and their place in literary history and the discovery and exploration of a canon of literature written by women. The paper ends up with conclusions and a list of works cited.
{"title":"Exploring Multicultural Identity A Gynocritical Study of Kingston's The Woman Warrior","authors":"H. Ismail, Kawan Osman Arif","doi":"10.25098/4.2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25098/4.2.21","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to establish and identify what is taken to be the distinctively feminine subject matters in The Woman warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts which is a book written by the Chinese American author Maxine Hong Kingston from a multicultural perspective. Furthermore, it is to uncover in literary history a female tradition to show that there is a distinctive feminine mode of experience, or subjectivity, in thinking, valuing, and perceiving oneself and the outer world. Its main concern is to see woman as producer of genres and structures of literature. It also examines how gender, culture, family and traditions interact and transmit cultural effects on the self and identity. \u0000The major characters in The Woman Warrior such as the author, the mother Brave Orchid, and the auntie Moon Orchid, live in a Chinese ethnic community isolated from the conventional society. Moreover, to a great extent gendered experience of the female major characters is characterized by ethnic identity as well. \u0000The applied methodology in this paper is a feminist gynocritical approach. Gynocriticism is the examination of female writers and their place in literary history and the discovery and exploration of a canon of literature written by women. The paper ends up with conclusions and a list of works cited.","PeriodicalId":398980,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Cihan University – Sulaimanyia","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126588699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"URBAN JUNGLE: A SOCIO-POLITICAL STUDY OF SINCLAIR’S THE JUNGLE","authors":"Rebwar Z. Mohammed, Shler Ghafwr","doi":"10.25098/4.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25098/4.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":398980,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Cihan University – Sulaimanyia","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134261571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Changes in Government Accounting Policies to Achieve the Requirements of Administrative Reform: An Exploratory Study of a Sample of Government Departments Operating in Sulaimaniya Governorate - Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"A. Muhammad, A. Ahmad, Neshtman Hassen Fattah","doi":"10.25098/4.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25098/4.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":398980,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Cihan University – Sulaimanyia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133985699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Lean Accounting in Reducing Costs : A survey of the Opinions of a Sample of Specialists in a Group of Industrial Companies in Sulaimaniya Governorate","authors":"Ghazi Abdlaziz Albayatee, Kurdistan Ahmed Hassen","doi":"10.25098/4.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25098/4.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":398980,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Cihan University – Sulaimanyia","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133010294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Kurds used Arabic, Persian and Turkish writing systems until the beginning of the last century. Since then, a modified system of Arabic script was proposed to Kurdish and came to use. Parallel to the modified Arabic script, some linguists have called to a Latin-based writing system. Based on phonological evidence, this study looks into the suitability of the writing systems to the Central Kurdish variety. It assesses the phoneme-grapheme relation in both ways: letters corresponding to phonemes and phonemes corresponding to letters. Since the Central Kurdish writing system is phonemic, the study tries to find out which writing system regularly and consistently represents the phonemes. The study reaches the conclusion that both systems have advantages and disadvantages. The Perso-Arabic Script better represents the phonemic inventory of Central Kurdish. In particular, it can provide codes for the pharyngeal phonemes entered the language through language contact from the neighbouring languages. Moreover, teaching the Perso-Arabic Script to current and upcoming generations will familiarise them with the writing system used for classic literature. However, the Latin-based system better suits modern day software programs and keyboards.
{"title":"A Phonological Appraisal of the Central Kurdish Writing Systems","authors":"Rasty A. Hama Saeed, T. Hamid","doi":"10.25098/4.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25098/4.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"The Kurds used Arabic, Persian and Turkish writing systems until the beginning of the last century. Since then, a modified system of Arabic script was proposed to Kurdish and came to use. Parallel to the modified Arabic script, some linguists have called to a Latin-based writing system. Based on phonological evidence, this study looks into the suitability of the writing systems to the Central Kurdish variety. It assesses the phoneme-grapheme relation in both ways: letters corresponding to phonemes and phonemes corresponding to letters. Since the Central Kurdish writing system is phonemic, the study tries to find out which writing system regularly and consistently represents the phonemes.\u0000The study reaches the conclusion that both systems have advantages and disadvantages. The Perso-Arabic Script better represents the phonemic inventory of Central Kurdish. In particular, it can provide codes for the pharyngeal phonemes entered the language through language contact from the neighbouring languages. Moreover, teaching the Perso-Arabic Script to current and upcoming generations will familiarise them with the writing system used for classic literature. However, the Latin-based system better suits modern day software programs and keyboards.","PeriodicalId":398980,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Cihan University – Sulaimanyia","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115316915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sharif, K. H. Faraj, Khalid Hassan Ahmed, Tara Nawzad Ahmed Al Attar, W. Hameed, A. Kanbar
{"title":"Response Time analysis for XAMPP Server based on Different Versions of Linux Operating System","authors":"H. Sharif, K. H. Faraj, Khalid Hassan Ahmed, Tara Nawzad Ahmed Al Attar, W. Hameed, A. Kanbar","doi":"10.25098/4.2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25098/4.2.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":398980,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Cihan University – Sulaimanyia","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126029056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research aims to study and analyze the sectoral structure of the GDP, and determine the relative importance of the various economic sectors in forming the gross domestic product in Iraq during the period (2006-2018). Considering that the GDP indicator is one of the most important economic indicators that express the level of economic activity of the country and the efficiency of its performance, therefore it is through this research to determine the nature of that structure and diagnose the state of imbalance , and thus determine the status of economic diversification, which helps the planner and economic decision-maker to make decisions Economic rationalization when designing economic policies, by reorienting economic resources towards different economic sectors, in order to restore balance in the economic structure and achieve a state of economic stability.
{"title":"Analysis of the Sectoral Structure of the GDP in Iraq (2006-2018)","authors":"M. I. Ahmad","doi":"10.25098/4.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25098/4.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to study and analyze the sectoral structure of the GDP, and determine the relative importance of the various economic sectors in forming the gross domestic product in Iraq during the period (2006-2018). Considering that the GDP indicator is one of the most important economic indicators that express the level of economic activity of the country and the efficiency of its performance, therefore it is through this research to determine the nature of that structure and diagnose the state of imbalance , and thus determine the status of economic diversification, which helps the planner and economic decision-maker to make decisions Economic rationalization when designing economic policies, by reorienting economic resources towards different economic sectors, in order to restore balance in the economic structure and achieve a state of economic stability.","PeriodicalId":398980,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Cihan University – Sulaimanyia","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115935954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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