Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885304
Nuradebah Burhan, M. Kasno, R. Ghazali
Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure and keep information of the electrical activity that produced by muscles during contract and relax. The electrical activity is detected with the help of EMG electrodes. This review paper will focus on usage of common EMG signal recording techniques which is surface electromyography (sEMG). During sEMG recording, there are some recognized noises and motion artifact which will affect sEMG signal. Hence, several of signal processing had been implemented to remove the noises and acquired the important signals which contain useful information. sEMG feature extraction is highlighted part in signal processing which extract features in sEMG signal. In this paper, several of sEMG feature extraction that applied any of three main domains which are time domain (TD), frequency domain (FD) and time-frequency domain (TFD) had been analyzed and studied to determine the good feature extraction method.
{"title":"Feature extraction of surface electromyography (sEMG) and signal processing technique in wavelet transform: A review","authors":"Nuradebah Burhan, M. Kasno, R. Ghazali","doi":"10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885304","url":null,"abstract":"Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure and keep information of the electrical activity that produced by muscles during contract and relax. The electrical activity is detected with the help of EMG electrodes. This review paper will focus on usage of common EMG signal recording techniques which is surface electromyography (sEMG). During sEMG recording, there are some recognized noises and motion artifact which will affect sEMG signal. Hence, several of signal processing had been implemented to remove the noises and acquired the important signals which contain useful information. sEMG feature extraction is highlighted part in signal processing which extract features in sEMG signal. In this paper, several of sEMG feature extraction that applied any of three main domains which are time domain (TD), frequency domain (FD) and time-frequency domain (TFD) had been analyzed and studied to determine the good feature extraction method.","PeriodicalId":399080,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130075223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885301
M. F. Yahya, M. Arshad
A hovering autonomous underwater vehicle usually has at least four thrusters which gives it the ability to propel in all directions. By decreasing the number of thruster, the AUV will have more room to accommodate for other devices. However, the AUV would become an under actuated system. From literature, there are various works had been studied to control an under actuated AUV. However, many of the works only considers either vertical or horizontal aspects of the AUV motion and single type of trajectory problem. In this paper, proportional and proportional-integral controllers are proposed to solve two trajectory problems of moving to a point and following a path in 3 dimensional spaces. Results show that the implementation of the control improves the response of the system to be much faster and reduces steady state error so that desired output is achieved.
{"title":"Control of an under actuated hovering-type autonomous underwater vehicle for moving to a point and following a circular path","authors":"M. F. Yahya, M. Arshad","doi":"10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885301","url":null,"abstract":"A hovering autonomous underwater vehicle usually has at least four thrusters which gives it the ability to propel in all directions. By decreasing the number of thruster, the AUV will have more room to accommodate for other devices. However, the AUV would become an under actuated system. From literature, there are various works had been studied to control an under actuated AUV. However, many of the works only considers either vertical or horizontal aspects of the AUV motion and single type of trajectory problem. In this paper, proportional and proportional-integral controllers are proposed to solve two trajectory problems of moving to a point and following a path in 3 dimensional spaces. Results show that the implementation of the control improves the response of the system to be much faster and reduces steady state error so that desired output is achieved.","PeriodicalId":399080,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122318894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885279
I. Burhan, R. Othman, A. A. Azman
Electro Pneumatic Trainer for educational applications is developed as supporting tools towards the existing typical teaching and learning process. The main objective is to improve the learning outcome towards student's cognitive knowledge and practical skill where the existing teaching and learning for electro pneumatic courses conducted in the classroom without emphasizing on simulation and complex practical aspect. Generally, computer graphic or simulation can reduce the unsuccessful of practical implementation during the practical session through installation error. Visual Basic (VB) was used as the platform for graphical user interface (GUI) and using Programmable Integrated Circuit (PIC) as the interface between the GUI and hardware of Electro Pneumatic Trainer. The development of Electro Pneumatic Trainer interfacing between PIC and VB has been designed and improved by involving various types of electro pneumatics instruments such as single acting cylinder, double acting cylinder, semi rotary motor, air motor, and linear drive. Newly developed Electro Pneumatic Trainer controller interface are able to be re-programme for numerous combination of tasks. Based on Practical Work Assessment Form evaluated by the lecturers, there is an average marks of 40% and 40% of improvement on teaching and learning (cognitive) and practical's skill respectively when newly developed Electro Pneumatic Trainer were used by students during the teaching and learning process. It is also user friendly and embedded with systematics graphical diagram inspiring students for conducting the practical session.
{"title":"Development of electro pneumatic trainer embedded with Programmable Integrated Circuit (PIC) and graphical user interface (GUI) for educational applications","authors":"I. Burhan, R. Othman, A. A. Azman","doi":"10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885279","url":null,"abstract":"Electro Pneumatic Trainer for educational applications is developed as supporting tools towards the existing typical teaching and learning process. The main objective is to improve the learning outcome towards student's cognitive knowledge and practical skill where the existing teaching and learning for electro pneumatic courses conducted in the classroom without emphasizing on simulation and complex practical aspect. Generally, computer graphic or simulation can reduce the unsuccessful of practical implementation during the practical session through installation error. Visual Basic (VB) was used as the platform for graphical user interface (GUI) and using Programmable Integrated Circuit (PIC) as the interface between the GUI and hardware of Electro Pneumatic Trainer. The development of Electro Pneumatic Trainer interfacing between PIC and VB has been designed and improved by involving various types of electro pneumatics instruments such as single acting cylinder, double acting cylinder, semi rotary motor, air motor, and linear drive. Newly developed Electro Pneumatic Trainer controller interface are able to be re-programme for numerous combination of tasks. Based on Practical Work Assessment Form evaluated by the lecturers, there is an average marks of 40% and 40% of improvement on teaching and learning (cognitive) and practical's skill respectively when newly developed Electro Pneumatic Trainer were used by students during the teaching and learning process. It is also user friendly and embedded with systematics graphical diagram inspiring students for conducting the practical session.","PeriodicalId":399080,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124391063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885297
M. Majid, M. Arshad
Autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) is developed to fulfill requirement of many offshore applications. One of the examples is tracking an underwater target of interests. Tracking underwater target involves two general steps, target position estimation and target following. In this paper, a control strategy for ASV performing underwater acoustic source tracking is presented. Firstly, method of acoustic source position estimation is discussed. Secondly, mathematical models to represent the ASV kinematic and kinetic are developed. Thirdly, based on the estimated position of the acoustic source and linearized dynamic model, guidance and speed controllers of the ASV are developed to track the position of the acoustic source. The developed controllers are designed based on PID control structure. The performance of the controllers in tracking the acoustic source is demonstrated through simulation results.
{"title":"Control of autonomous surface vehicle for acoustic source tracking","authors":"M. Majid, M. Arshad","doi":"10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885297","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) is developed to fulfill requirement of many offshore applications. One of the examples is tracking an underwater target of interests. Tracking underwater target involves two general steps, target position estimation and target following. In this paper, a control strategy for ASV performing underwater acoustic source tracking is presented. Firstly, method of acoustic source position estimation is discussed. Secondly, mathematical models to represent the ASV kinematic and kinetic are developed. Thirdly, based on the estimated position of the acoustic source and linearized dynamic model, guidance and speed controllers of the ASV are developed to track the position of the acoustic source. The developed controllers are designed based on PID control structure. The performance of the controllers in tracking the acoustic source is demonstrated through simulation results.","PeriodicalId":399080,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131229141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885299
M. M. Mahdi, A. Z. Ahmad
This work investigates dynamic behavior and improves the performance of the active power sharing. The transfer of micro-grid from grid-connected mode to island mode is faced by many challenges. In addition, the minimizing frequency fluctuation during sudden changes in the load is still an issue. A new proposed method to control the grid frequency for active power sharing is presented using adaptive MIT rule. The comparison of the response is then compared with the conventional PI controller for the output response verification. The results show the proposed method producing promising and better response. Micro-grid model is developed using Matlab/Simulink.
{"title":"Hybrid micro-grid control and active power sharing using MIT rule based on speed droop controller","authors":"M. M. Mahdi, A. Z. Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885299","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates dynamic behavior and improves the performance of the active power sharing. The transfer of micro-grid from grid-connected mode to island mode is faced by many challenges. In addition, the minimizing frequency fluctuation during sudden changes in the load is still an issue. A new proposed method to control the grid frequency for active power sharing is presented using adaptive MIT rule. The comparison of the response is then compared with the conventional PI controller for the output response verification. The results show the proposed method producing promising and better response. Micro-grid model is developed using Matlab/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":399080,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125679752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885289
S. A. Zulkifli, Fatin Nur Fasya Ramli, Syazwan Razali
This paper presents an integration of a low cost microcontroller with a power converter for controlling the output voltage. Here, it will benefit the UTHM final year student in order to apply what have been taught during Power Electronics subject in Year 3. The power converter that has been developed is the zero voltage switching (ZVS) with inverter voltage control mechanism. As for the microcontroller application, the Raspberry Pi has been used. A test on open loop and closed loop conditions have been applied using Proportional Integral (PI) control for controlling the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal pattern for inverter output in hardware experiment test. The PI controller is developed and simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink software and then downloaded to the Arduino and Raspberry Pi microcontroller boards for testing purposes. At the end of the project, the students are able to understand more especially on integrating the control mechanism to the microcontroller device using a power converter in order to achieve the control target output.
{"title":"Undergraduate student experience in development of ZVS power converter for voltage control with low cost microcontroller","authors":"S. A. Zulkifli, Fatin Nur Fasya Ramli, Syazwan Razali","doi":"10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885289","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an integration of a low cost microcontroller with a power converter for controlling the output voltage. Here, it will benefit the UTHM final year student in order to apply what have been taught during Power Electronics subject in Year 3. The power converter that has been developed is the zero voltage switching (ZVS) with inverter voltage control mechanism. As for the microcontroller application, the Raspberry Pi has been used. A test on open loop and closed loop conditions have been applied using Proportional Integral (PI) control for controlling the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal pattern for inverter output in hardware experiment test. The PI controller is developed and simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink software and then downloaded to the Arduino and Raspberry Pi microcontroller boards for testing purposes. At the end of the project, the students are able to understand more especially on integrating the control mechanism to the microcontroller device using a power converter in order to achieve the control target output.","PeriodicalId":399080,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127284509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885293
N. F. Jamin, Normaniha Abdul Ghani
Designing a control strategy of two-wheeled wheelchair is a very challenging task due to the unstable and highly nonlinear system. In the paper the system is modeled by mimicking a double-link inverted pendulum concept and the mathematical equations is derived using Euler-Lagrange method. Then the state-space representation is applied to the Simulink block diagram in Matlab. The control parameter of the system is compared between trial-and-error method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. This strategy is to find the optimal value for the system to get better performance. The system will be simulated using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) and FLC-PSO using Matlab/Simulink environment. Simulation results show that the FLC-PSO is better than FLC in terms of overshoot and settling time.
{"title":"Two-wheeled wheelchair stabilization control using fuzzy logic controller based particle swarm optimization","authors":"N. F. Jamin, Normaniha Abdul Ghani","doi":"10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885293","url":null,"abstract":"Designing a control strategy of two-wheeled wheelchair is a very challenging task due to the unstable and highly nonlinear system. In the paper the system is modeled by mimicking a double-link inverted pendulum concept and the mathematical equations is derived using Euler-Lagrange method. Then the state-space representation is applied to the Simulink block diagram in Matlab. The control parameter of the system is compared between trial-and-error method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. This strategy is to find the optimal value for the system to get better performance. The system will be simulated using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) and FLC-PSO using Matlab/Simulink environment. Simulation results show that the FLC-PSO is better than FLC in terms of overshoot and settling time.","PeriodicalId":399080,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126435483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885290
M. Izadi, F. Danafar, M. Kadir
Over the last three decades, electrical and electronic industry is the leading industry in Malaysia in terms of export income and employment opportunities. However, to keep up with its international competition, Malaysia requires introducing novel improved products in this field. In this respects, using the natural resources available in the country is a fascinating option for developing electrical products. Natural rubber (NR), obtained from a tropical tree, has been widely considered as a base element in various electrical equipments. Despite of having excellent elasticity, original form of NR has low hardness, durability and tears resistance that limits its practical usage. Nanostructures, due their extraordinary characteristics, have indicated great improvements in NR-based composites. The results in terms of properties improvement are different depending on the types of nanofillers used. Among nanostructures, Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted a great attention in NR reinforcing. This paper presents the recent advances and state of the art for fabricating nanocomposites comprising NR and CNTs, as a sole filler or additive. The electrical properties of nanocomposite and its electrical applications are taken into account. The CNT/NR can be added to plastering materials for lightning protection of buildings, where high value of electrical conductivity is needed.
{"title":"Natural rubber — Carbon nanotubes composites, recent advances and challenges for electrical applications","authors":"M. Izadi, F. Danafar, M. Kadir","doi":"10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885290","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last three decades, electrical and electronic industry is the leading industry in Malaysia in terms of export income and employment opportunities. However, to keep up with its international competition, Malaysia requires introducing novel improved products in this field. In this respects, using the natural resources available in the country is a fascinating option for developing electrical products. Natural rubber (NR), obtained from a tropical tree, has been widely considered as a base element in various electrical equipments. Despite of having excellent elasticity, original form of NR has low hardness, durability and tears resistance that limits its practical usage. Nanostructures, due their extraordinary characteristics, have indicated great improvements in NR-based composites. The results in terms of properties improvement are different depending on the types of nanofillers used. Among nanostructures, Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted a great attention in NR reinforcing. This paper presents the recent advances and state of the art for fabricating nanocomposites comprising NR and CNTs, as a sole filler or additive. The electrical properties of nanocomposite and its electrical applications are taken into account. The CNT/NR can be added to plastering materials for lightning protection of buildings, where high value of electrical conductivity is needed.","PeriodicalId":399080,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115046204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7921041
A. As’arry, H. Jamaluddin, Tuan A. Z. Rahman, K. A. Rezali, Z. Zain
This paper presents the performance evaluation of an active vibration technique in suppressing human hand tremor. A PID integrated with fuzzy logic controller is proposed to control a linear electromagnet actuator and then applied onto a four Degree-of-Freedoms (DOFs) biodynamic model which emulate a Parkinson Disease (PD) hand. Heuristic method is employed in searching for appropriate parameters values for the proposed controller. Then, a comparative study between the performances of Fuzzy-PID controller and conventional PID controller tuned using Ziegler-Nichols method is done. The simulation study results demonstrates a comparable performance between Fuzzy-PID controller and conventional PID controller. Fuzzy-PID controller was effectively attenuated about 96.77% of initial tremor magnitude while for the PID controller is about 89.37%.
{"title":"Suppression of Parkinson's hand-like tremor using fuzzy-PID controller","authors":"A. As’arry, H. Jamaluddin, Tuan A. Z. Rahman, K. A. Rezali, Z. Zain","doi":"10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7921041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7921041","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the performance evaluation of an active vibration technique in suppressing human hand tremor. A PID integrated with fuzzy logic controller is proposed to control a linear electromagnet actuator and then applied onto a four Degree-of-Freedoms (DOFs) biodynamic model which emulate a Parkinson Disease (PD) hand. Heuristic method is employed in searching for appropriate parameters values for the proposed controller. Then, a comparative study between the performances of Fuzzy-PID controller and conventional PID controller tuned using Ziegler-Nichols method is done. The simulation study results demonstrates a comparable performance between Fuzzy-PID controller and conventional PID controller. Fuzzy-PID controller was effectively attenuated about 96.77% of initial tremor magnitude while for the PID controller is about 89.37%.","PeriodicalId":399080,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132808130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885305
S. S. Hamid, M. F. Ain, S. Mohd, R. A. Zawawi, Nuha A. Rhaffor, A. A. Manaf
The conventional Short-Open-Load-Thru (SOLT) calibration technique and measurement problem in microwave devices are investigated in this paper. Tremendous development in mobile communication increases the demand for accuracy and performance characterizations of wireless devices over a range of frequencies. Due to this fact, simplified version of calibration technique with better features is developed in order to improve the measurements accuracy. Therefore, the work carried out in this research is to implement a simplified version of Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibration standard kit that matched the requirement of the Power Amplifier(PA). The proposed technique operates in the range of frequency from 2.5Ghz to 2.57GHz in order to improve the gain of the power amplifier in real measurement environment.
{"title":"Implementation of TRL (Thru-Reflect-Line) calibration kit for power amplifier measurement","authors":"S. S. Hamid, M. F. Ain, S. Mohd, R. A. Zawawi, Nuha A. Rhaffor, A. A. Manaf","doi":"10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2CACIS.2016.7885305","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional Short-Open-Load-Thru (SOLT) calibration technique and measurement problem in microwave devices are investigated in this paper. Tremendous development in mobile communication increases the demand for accuracy and performance characterizations of wireless devices over a range of frequencies. Due to this fact, simplified version of calibration technique with better features is developed in order to improve the measurements accuracy. Therefore, the work carried out in this research is to implement a simplified version of Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibration standard kit that matched the requirement of the Power Amplifier(PA). The proposed technique operates in the range of frequency from 2.5Ghz to 2.57GHz in order to improve the gain of the power amplifier in real measurement environment.","PeriodicalId":399080,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114669986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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