Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.1017/9781139025515.003
{"title":"Diagnosis of Substance Use Disorders","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781139025515.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139025515.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":399331,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use Disorders","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129891514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.1017/9781139025515.011
{"title":"Alcohol Use Disorders","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781139025515.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139025515.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":399331,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use Disorders","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124367732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.1017/9781139025515.008
{"title":"Behavioral, Cognitive, and Social Factors Promoting SUD","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781139025515.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139025515.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":399331,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117211409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.1017/9781139025515.006
{"title":"Brain Function and Substance Use Disorders","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781139025515.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139025515.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":399331,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use Disorders","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123905769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.1017/9781139025515.017
Elena Volfson
{"title":"Treatment of Substance Use Disorders","authors":"Elena Volfson","doi":"10.1017/9781139025515.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139025515.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":399331,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use Disorders","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133954935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.1017/9781139025515.007
{"title":"Genetic Influence on Substance Use Disorders","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781139025515.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139025515.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":399331,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114548172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.1017/9781139025515.012
{"title":"Tobacco Use and Nicotine Addiction","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781139025515.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139025515.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":399331,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use Disorders","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128117068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190920197.003.0001
L. Snell, Andrew C. Barnes, P. Cunningham
Nearly 3 million Americans have a current or previous opioid use disorder, and recent data indicate that 10.2% of US adults have ever misused pain relievers. In 2015, approximately 800,000 individuals used heroin, while 4 million misused prescription opioids. Although use of other drugs such as alcohol and cannabis is more prevalent, opioid use contributes to significant morbidity, mortality, and social and economic costs. While the current US opioid overdose epidemic began with prescription opioids, since 2015, heroin and synthetic opioids (e.g., fentanyl) have driven continued increases in opioid overdose deaths, contributing to a recent decline in overall life expectancy in the United States. Policies to address the opioid epidemic by changing clinical practice include provider education, monitoring prescribing practices, and expanding the clinical workforce necessary to treat opioid use disorders. The opioid epidemic appears to be largely a US phenomenon and a consequence of both structural challenges in the US healthcare system and growing socioeconomic disparities, and thus it will require policies including and beyond delivery system reforms to resolve it.
{"title":"Epidemiology of Substance Use Disorders","authors":"L. Snell, Andrew C. Barnes, P. Cunningham","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190920197.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190920197.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly 3 million Americans have a current or previous opioid use disorder, and recent data indicate that 10.2% of US adults have ever misused pain relievers. In 2015, approximately 800,000 individuals used heroin, while 4 million misused prescription opioids. Although use of other drugs such as alcohol and cannabis is more prevalent, opioid use contributes to significant morbidity, mortality, and social and economic costs. While the current US opioid overdose epidemic began with prescription opioids, since 2015, heroin and synthetic opioids (e.g., fentanyl) have driven continued increases in opioid overdose deaths, contributing to a recent decline in overall life expectancy in the United States. Policies to address the opioid epidemic by changing clinical practice include provider education, monitoring prescribing practices, and expanding the clinical workforce necessary to treat opioid use disorders. The opioid epidemic appears to be largely a US phenomenon and a consequence of both structural challenges in the US healthcare system and growing socioeconomic disparities, and thus it will require policies including and beyond delivery system reforms to resolve it.","PeriodicalId":399331,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use Disorders","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128866574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1017/9781139025515.013
P. M. Duncan
{"title":"Cannabis Use Disorders","authors":"P. M. Duncan","doi":"10.1017/9781139025515.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139025515.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":399331,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use Disorders","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129534277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190920197.003.0013
M. Karam-Hage, R. Gonzalez, M. Damaj
Tobacco smoking is a major public health hazard, one responsible for more deaths than alcohol, drugs, car accidents, HIV, and fire combined. While on the decline, it continues to be a major problem that is feasible but difficult to remedy, in particular once an individual is addicted to nicotine. On the bright side, effective treatments are available although very few people are taking advantage of these tools. The standard of care and evidenced-based treatment consist of behavioral in conjunction with pharmacological therapy. In the United States, there are seven pharmacological agents approved for use as single agents, while for heavily addicted or recalcitrant smokers a combination of more than one agent may be needed. Nicotine replacement products offer a safe way to transition from the harm of smoking tobacco to using only medicinal doses of nicotine for a gradual transition to total abstinence. E-cigarettes can be seen as a less harmful alternative to smoking; however, little is known about their potential for harm on long-term use.
{"title":"Pharmacotherapy for Smoking Cessation","authors":"M. Karam-Hage, R. Gonzalez, M. Damaj","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190920197.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190920197.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco smoking is a major public health hazard, one responsible for more deaths than alcohol, drugs, car accidents, HIV, and fire combined. While on the decline, it continues to be a major problem that is feasible but difficult to remedy, in particular once an individual is addicted to nicotine. On the bright side, effective treatments are available although very few people are taking advantage of these tools. The standard of care and evidenced-based treatment consist of behavioral in conjunction with pharmacological therapy. In the United States, there are seven pharmacological agents approved for use as single agents, while for heavily addicted or recalcitrant smokers a combination of more than one agent may be needed. Nicotine replacement products offer a safe way to transition from the harm of smoking tobacco to using only medicinal doses of nicotine for a gradual transition to total abstinence. E-cigarettes can be seen as a less harmful alternative to smoking; however, little is known about their potential for harm on long-term use.","PeriodicalId":399331,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use Disorders","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132483837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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