Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2024.144495.1302
Aisha Almokhtar, K. Almohseen, Shatha H. D. AL-Zakar
Flow disaggregation models, which are one of the stochastic generation techniques, play a crucial role in the planning, design, and operation of water resource management systems and related projects. One distinguishing feature of these models is their ability to address the issue of missing observed data and compensate for it. They also enable the rescaling of data from a higher temporal level to a lower temporal scale. Data at lower temporal scales are typically required to address hydraulic and operational design problems in water resource projects. There are two main approaches to disaggregation flow data: the parametric approach and the non-parametric approach.One of the advantages of the disaggregation model is its ability to distribute flow data values from a key station to several sub-stations, both temporally and/or spatially, while preserving the basic statistical properties of the time series obtained from the model (mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and correlation coefficient) for the observed data.In the current study, a non-parametric approach was used for the purpose of disaggregation approach. It is assumed that there is aggregated discharge data at a key station, and this data will be disaggregated into a corresponding series of discharges temporally and spatially at sub-stations that are statistically similar, using the SAMS 2010 platform program (Stochastic Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation). Annual and monthly discharge data for five stations measuring discharges on the Tigris River System in Iraq were used, including the Mosul Dam station on the Tigris River, the Asmawah station on the Khazir River, the Askiklik station on the Upper Zab, the Dibs Dam station on the Lower Zab, and the Baiji station on the Tigris River, covering a time span of twenty-three years. The statistical results of the disaggregation approach were compared with their observed counterparts and showed good agreement in most years and months and for all stations. Based on this, the method is recommended disaggregation of the data when decisions required water management strategies in these regions.
{"title":"The Disaggregation Model via Non-Parametric Approach","authors":"Aisha Almokhtar, K. Almohseen, Shatha H. D. AL-Zakar","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2024.144495.1302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2024.144495.1302","url":null,"abstract":"Flow disaggregation models, which are one of the stochastic generation techniques, play a crucial role in the planning, design, and operation of water resource management systems and related projects. One distinguishing feature of these models is their ability to address the issue of missing observed data and compensate for it. They also enable the rescaling of data from a higher temporal level to a lower temporal scale. Data at lower temporal scales are typically required to address hydraulic and operational design problems in water resource projects. There are two main approaches to disaggregation flow data: the parametric approach and the non-parametric approach.One of the advantages of the disaggregation model is its ability to distribute flow data values from a key station to several sub-stations, both temporally and/or spatially, while preserving the basic statistical properties of the time series obtained from the model (mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and correlation coefficient) for the observed data.In the current study, a non-parametric approach was used for the purpose of disaggregation approach. It is assumed that there is aggregated discharge data at a key station, and this data will be disaggregated into a corresponding series of discharges temporally and spatially at sub-stations that are statistically similar, using the SAMS 2010 platform program (Stochastic Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation). Annual and monthly discharge data for five stations measuring discharges on the Tigris River System in Iraq were used, including the Mosul Dam station on the Tigris River, the Asmawah station on the Khazir River, the Askiklik station on the Upper Zab, the Dibs Dam station on the Lower Zab, and the Baiji station on the Tigris River, covering a time span of twenty-three years. The statistical results of the disaggregation approach were compared with their observed counterparts and showed good agreement in most years and months and for all stations. Based on this, the method is recommended disaggregation of the data when decisions required water management strategies in these regions.","PeriodicalId":400548,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ)","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140083848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.33899/arej.2024.182561
Ali Rasheed, Rabee Hagem, A. Khidhir, Omar Hazim
Underwater robotic systems have profoundly transformed the field of deep-sea exploration, enabling operations in remote subsea installations. The outlook for this technology is highly promising. This study aims to offer an in-depth understanding of the subject matter to postgraduate students, engineers, and researchers with a keen interest in the realm of underwater robotics. Furthermore, this work encompasses a comprehensive survey of the diverse domains within the field of underwater robotics
{"title":"Underwater Robotics: Principles, Components, Modeling, and Control","authors":"Ali Rasheed, Rabee Hagem, A. Khidhir, Omar Hazim","doi":"10.33899/arej.2024.182561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/arej.2024.182561","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater robotic systems have profoundly transformed the field of deep-sea exploration, enabling operations in remote subsea installations. The outlook for this technology is highly promising. This study aims to offer an in-depth understanding of the subject matter to postgraduate students, engineers, and researchers with a keen interest in the realm of underwater robotics. Furthermore, this work encompasses a comprehensive survey of the diverse domains within the field of underwater robotics","PeriodicalId":400548,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ)","volume":"22 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140086084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.142266.1274
Soufyan Al-Osman, Saddam Mohammad
The use of energy, which is perceived as a key element in the development of civilization and is necessary for all aspects of modern life, is one of the measures of the country's growth. Due to the high costs of conventional energy sources as well as the possibility of their depletion, it has become necessary to look for new and direct sources of energy. As a result, thinking began to return to absorption cooling systems due to their ability to work using direct thermal energy. Apart from their simplicity and lack of moving parts, absorption cooling systems are commonly used because they can operate by a heat source with relatively low temperatures, such as those generated by burning natural gas or by solar collectors, to produce a refrigeration effect directly by evaporating the refrigerant. This article presented a thermodynamic design of (10 TR) single-effect (LiBr/ H 2 O) absorption refrigeration system. The capacity of the evaporator (35.17 KW) was used to determine the operating parameters for each component. Thermodynamic simulations are carried out on the basis of experimental correlations. To determine the various operational parameters of a vapor absorption refrigeration system under various operating conditions, a MATLAB code was developed. The effectiveness of the solution heat exchanger and the various temperatures of the generator, condenser, evaporator, absorber, are taken into consideration when calculating the coefficient of performance. The results obtained prove that the coefficient of performance increases by increasing the effectiveness of solution heat exchanger, generator and evaporator temperatures, and decreases by increasing absorber and condenser temperatures.
能源被视为文明发展的关键因素，是现代生活各个方面所必需的，能源的使用是国家发展的措施之一。由于传统能源成本高昂，而且有可能枯竭，因此有必要寻找新的直接能源。因此，人们开始重新考虑吸收式冷却系统，因为这种系统能够利用直接热能工作。吸收式制冷系统除了操作简单、没有活动部件外，还因为它可以利用温度相对较低的热源（如天然气燃烧或太阳能集热器产生的热源），通过蒸发制冷剂直接产生制冷效果，因而得到了广泛应用。本文介绍了（10 TR）单效（LiBr/ H 2 O）吸收式制冷系统的热力学设计。蒸发器的容量（35.17 千瓦）被用来确定每个组件的运行参数。热力学模拟是在实验相关性的基础上进行的。为了确定蒸汽吸收制冷系统在各种运行条件下的各种运行参数，开发了一套 MATLAB 代码。在计算性能系数时，考虑了溶液热交换器的有效性以及发生器、冷凝器、蒸发器和吸收器的不同温度。结果证明，溶液热交换器的效率、发电机和蒸发器的温度越高，性能系数越大；吸收器和冷凝器的温度越高，性能系数越小。
{"title":"Thermodynamic Design of 10 TR Single-Effect LiBr-H2O Absorption Refrigeration System","authors":"Soufyan Al-Osman, Saddam Mohammad","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.142266.1274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.142266.1274","url":null,"abstract":"The use of energy, which is perceived as a key element in the development of civilization and is necessary for all aspects of modern life, is one of the measures of the country's growth. Due to the high costs of conventional energy sources as well as the possibility of their depletion, it has become necessary to look for new and direct sources of energy. As a result, thinking began to return to absorption cooling systems due to their ability to work using direct thermal energy. Apart from their simplicity and lack of moving parts, absorption cooling systems are commonly used because they can operate by a heat source with relatively low temperatures, such as those generated by burning natural gas or by solar collectors, to produce a refrigeration effect directly by evaporating the refrigerant. This article presented a thermodynamic design of (10 TR) single-effect (LiBr/ H 2 O) absorption refrigeration system. The capacity of the evaporator (35.17 KW) was used to determine the operating parameters for each component. Thermodynamic simulations are carried out on the basis of experimental correlations. To determine the various operational parameters of a vapor absorption refrigeration system under various operating conditions, a MATLAB code was developed. The effectiveness of the solution heat exchanger and the various temperatures of the generator, condenser, evaporator, absorber, are taken into consideration when calculating the coefficient of performance. The results obtained prove that the coefficient of performance increases by increasing the effectiveness of solution heat exchanger, generator and evaporator temperatures, and decreases by increasing absorber and condenser temperatures.","PeriodicalId":400548,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ)","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140083644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.144224.1295
Serri Saleh, Khalid Mohammed, Mohammad Yaseen, Hashim H. Hausien
This paper reviews prior investigations into low noise amplifier (LNA) design. In this work, various modern LNA architectures will be examined, with a focus on five technologies: Cascode Distributed LNA, Coupled-Line Feedback in 0.15-m GaAs pHEMT Technology, Dual-Band CMOS LNA in 65-nm CMOS, CMOS LNA Using Post-distortion technique and 22-nm FD-SOI CMOS. In this review, Low power dissipation rate, input and output synchronization, high gain, and low noise levels are examined. In order to design a new successful LNA, each topology's performance is then examined. Future research will be conducted based on comparisons of these five topologies
{"title":"Advanced Techniques for Enhancing Low-Noise Amplifier Performance: A Review","authors":"Serri Saleh, Khalid Mohammed, Mohammad Yaseen, Hashim H. Hausien","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.144224.1295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.144224.1295","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews prior investigations into low noise amplifier (LNA) design. In this work, various modern LNA architectures will be examined, with a focus on five technologies: Cascode Distributed LNA, Coupled-Line Feedback in 0.15-m GaAs pHEMT Technology, Dual-Band CMOS LNA in 65-nm CMOS, CMOS LNA Using Post-distortion technique and 22-nm FD-SOI CMOS. In this review, Low power dissipation rate, input and output synchronization, high gain, and low noise levels are examined. In order to design a new successful LNA, each topology's performance is then examined. Future research will be conducted based on comparisons of these five topologies","PeriodicalId":400548,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ)","volume":"116 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.144199.1297
Oday Al-Chalabi
The interior space should achieve the users’ needs to achieve a high elegance and satisfaction level. Residential interior design in Mosul City in Iraq has less attention from the users and designers in terms of managing the colour theme. The technological era with imported interior design elements provided various options for designing interior spaces. Chaos in the arranging and coordination of interior design elements results from indifference to interior design principles linked to colour themes. The mismatching between users’ needs and designers’ purposes creates a negative elegant value. Therefore, the research problem is “The lack of strategies to deal with the colour theme in the residential interior design depending on the users' needs”. The study aims to identify the preferences for colour themes of elegant interior design in the residential interior space in Mosul City. The methodology applied a quantitative-qualitative approach using the survey, observation, and interview instruments. The visual observation of the interior design elements in furniture companies in Mosul City creates a platform for the availability of the material that provides a range of colour themes in Mosul City. The result showed that elegant design linked to nature and traditional factors of colour theme, while walls, furniture companies, and decorative are the influential elements.
{"title":"The Colour Theme Preferences for Elegant Residential Interior Design in Mosul City, Iraq","authors":"Oday Al-Chalabi","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.144199.1297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.144199.1297","url":null,"abstract":"The interior space should achieve the users’ needs to achieve a high elegance and satisfaction level. Residential interior design in Mosul City in Iraq has less attention from the users and designers in terms of managing the colour theme. The technological era with imported interior design elements provided various options for designing interior spaces. Chaos in the arranging and coordination of interior design elements results from indifference to interior design principles linked to colour themes. The mismatching between users’ needs and designers’ purposes creates a negative elegant value. Therefore, the research problem is “The lack of strategies to deal with the colour theme in the residential interior design depending on the users' needs”. The study aims to identify the preferences for colour themes of elegant interior design in the residential interior space in Mosul City. The methodology applied a quantitative-qualitative approach using the survey, observation, and interview instruments. The visual observation of the interior design elements in furniture companies in Mosul City creates a platform for the availability of the material that provides a range of colour themes in Mosul City. The result showed that elegant design linked to nature and traditional factors of colour theme, while walls, furniture companies, and decorative are the influential elements.","PeriodicalId":400548,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ)","volume":" January","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140092828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.139974.1251
Shawkat M. Younus, Abdulghani Abdulrazaq Al-Taei, Omar Al-Yozbaky, Imran Bashir
It's essential to maintain a consistent and dependable energy supplies given the rising global demand for energy. When there is a crisis, such as a malfunction or an imbalance between energy production and load demand, the Frequency system becomes unstable. A load shedding scheme is an important key to recover frequency system and ensure the obtainability of electrical power for serious loads in a plant. Therefore, it is necessary to provide reliable technologies to quickly and accurately way to prevent breakdown in the system energy. Under Frequency Load SheddingUFLS is one of the important systems protection, and as is currently the case in many instances, it is the final step to prevent the system's collapse following an interruption or failure energy in the system. In this paper , the review of the literature is presented, along with a look at the various methods employed in the electrical power system and a comparison of traditional, adaptive, and intelligent load-shedding strategies. In order to clarify the intended function (entity) and preserve system stability, extra classification of additional elements is suggested. The various load shedding systems were addressed, along with their benefits and drawbacks, and a comparison between them was made with a list of the most significant justifications for doing so.
{"title":"An Overview of Various Strategies for Dealing With The Under-Frequency Load Shedding Problem in Power Systems","authors":"Shawkat M. Younus, Abdulghani Abdulrazaq Al-Taei, Omar Al-Yozbaky, Imran Bashir","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.139974.1251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.139974.1251","url":null,"abstract":"It's essential to maintain a consistent and dependable energy supplies given the rising global demand for energy. When there is a crisis, such as a malfunction or an imbalance between energy production and load demand, the Frequency system becomes unstable. A load shedding scheme is an important key to recover frequency system and ensure the obtainability of electrical power for serious loads in a plant. Therefore, it is necessary to provide reliable technologies to quickly and accurately way to prevent breakdown in the system energy. Under Frequency Load SheddingUFLS is one of the important systems protection, and as is currently the case in many instances, it is the final step to prevent the system's collapse following an interruption or failure energy in the system. In this paper , the review of the literature is presented, along with a look at the various methods employed in the electrical power system and a comparison of traditional, adaptive, and intelligent load-shedding strategies. In order to clarify the intended function (entity) and preserve system stability, extra classification of additional elements is suggested. The various load shedding systems were addressed, along with their benefits and drawbacks, and a comparison between them was made with a list of the most significant justifications for doing so.","PeriodicalId":400548,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ)","volume":"76 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140085399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.141945.1270
Hayder A. O. Al-Deewan, Mohammad Almohammad-albakkar, Hussein Khudhair, Wadi AL-WADI
This study aims to investigate the impact of groundwater containing composite salts on the compressive strength of concrete foundations located in the city of Basra in Iraq. The groundwater in this city demonstrates high concentrations of salts, particularly significant amounts of magnesium, sodium, and calcium salts, which are present in close proximity to the soil surface. To accomplish this objective, a foundation in the mentioned city was selected, which has been constructed since 2012 and remains incomplete to this day. The chosen foundation covers an area of approximately 2000 m 2 . Samples were collected from seven distinct regions, with three samples obtained from each region, resulting in a total of 21 samples. The selected regions were those most affected by groundwater, specifically those closest to the soil, such as regions near edges or openings within the foundation. The results of compressive strength tests conducted on all specimens indicated a remarkable decline in compressive strength. On average, the findings revealed a 30% reduction in compressive strength, highlighting the significant impact of composite salt-contaminated groundwater on the durability of concrete foundations.
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Composite Salt-Contaminated Groundwater on compressive strength of Concrete Foundations: A Case Study in Basra, Iraq","authors":"Hayder A. O. Al-Deewan, Mohammad Almohammad-albakkar, Hussein Khudhair, Wadi AL-WADI","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.141945.1270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.141945.1270","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the impact of groundwater containing composite salts on the compressive strength of concrete foundations located in the city of Basra in Iraq. The groundwater in this city demonstrates high concentrations of salts, particularly significant amounts of magnesium, sodium, and calcium salts, which are present in close proximity to the soil surface. To accomplish this objective, a foundation in the mentioned city was selected, which has been constructed since 2012 and remains incomplete to this day. The chosen foundation covers an area of approximately 2000 m 2 . Samples were collected from seven distinct regions, with three samples obtained from each region, resulting in a total of 21 samples. The selected regions were those most affected by groundwater, specifically those closest to the soil, such as regions near edges or openings within the foundation. The results of compressive strength tests conducted on all specimens indicated a remarkable decline in compressive strength. On average, the findings revealed a 30% reduction in compressive strength, highlighting the significant impact of composite salt-contaminated groundwater on the durability of concrete foundations.","PeriodicalId":400548,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ)","volume":"102 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.143343.1286
zena badrany, Mohammed Abdullah
Due to the intricate die design, the metal flow and stress distribution in the metal extrusion process are quite complex. This study successfully used the commercial finite element code Deform-3D to simulate the stress distribution in the direct hot extrusion of Al-AA7075 rods. The outcomes demonstrate that the ideal die angle reduces the effective stress intensity. The best die angle for the least effective stress is angle 15°, and the best die angle for the least maximum stress is angle 30°. Moreover, the least load is found at an angle of 15°; the load decreases with an increase in the diameter. Further more, careful design of the extrusion dies profile can therefore control and reduce the stresses, which cause a main defect in product structure, supported that it can be used to minimize the amount of in-homogeneity imparted in to the product, and therefore control the product quality.
{"title":"Simulation of Direct Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Using the Finite Element Method","authors":"zena badrany, Mohammed Abdullah","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.143343.1286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.143343.1286","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the intricate die design, the metal flow and stress distribution in the metal extrusion process are quite complex. This study successfully used the commercial finite element code Deform-3D to simulate the stress distribution in the direct hot extrusion of Al-AA7075 rods. The outcomes demonstrate that the ideal die angle reduces the effective stress intensity. The best die angle for the least effective stress is angle 15°, and the best die angle for the least maximum stress is angle 30°. Moreover, the least load is found at an angle of 15°; the load decreases with an increase in the diameter. Further more, careful design of the extrusion dies profile can therefore control and reduce the stresses, which cause a main defect in product structure, supported that it can be used to minimize the amount of in-homogeneity imparted in to the product, and therefore control the product quality.","PeriodicalId":400548,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ)","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140091603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.33899/arej.2024.145273.1311
Ashraf Al-hussein, Saad Luhaib
In this paper, a low-pass filter (LPF) microstrip generalized Chebyshev type defected ground with a high suppression stopband was proposed. The resonators of the suggested filter were implemented using a T-shape microstrip. The filter resonators consist of three main parts. A part of the resonators was used to improve the rejection of the filter in the stopping region, a second part was used to increase the selectivity of the filter, and the last part was used to balance between the two regions. The microstrip LPF filter is designed on a Roger RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with εr=2.2, a thickness of 0.381 mm. 11 th order generalized Chebyshev LPF was simulated using HFSS software. The simulation results were as follows: 2 GHz for the cut-off frequency, insertion loss of 0.55 dB at about 20 dB return loss, and a wide range of stopband suppression below the level of 28 dB from frequency 3.4 GHz to 20 GHz. The LPF selectivity was approximately 37.5 dB/GHz and a small and compact size filter with 0.014λ2g was introduced. The filter matches the specifications required for fifth-generation filters in wireless communications systems.
{"title":"Design and Miniaturized a High Suppression Stop band Micro strip Low Pass Filter by using Slot Defected Ground Structure for 5G Applications","authors":"Ashraf Al-hussein, Saad Luhaib","doi":"10.33899/arej.2024.145273.1311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/arej.2024.145273.1311","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a low-pass filter (LPF) microstrip generalized Chebyshev type defected ground with a high suppression stopband was proposed. The resonators of the suggested filter were implemented using a T-shape microstrip. The filter resonators consist of three main parts. A part of the resonators was used to improve the rejection of the filter in the stopping region, a second part was used to increase the selectivity of the filter, and the last part was used to balance between the two regions. The microstrip LPF filter is designed on a Roger RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with εr=2.2, a thickness of 0.381 mm. 11 th order generalized Chebyshev LPF was simulated using HFSS software. The simulation results were as follows: 2 GHz for the cut-off frequency, insertion loss of 0.55 dB at about 20 dB return loss, and a wide range of stopband suppression below the level of 28 dB from frequency 3.4 GHz to 20 GHz. The LPF selectivity was approximately 37.5 dB/GHz and a small and compact size filter with 0.014λ2g was introduced. The filter matches the specifications required for fifth-generation filters in wireless communications systems.","PeriodicalId":400548,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ)","volume":"118 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2023.143673.1291
Zinah A. Shareef, Sofyan Kashmolah, Omar Abdulkareem
Foam concrete (FC) is a type of lightweight concrete that has had many voides added by the foaming agent. This paper investigates the possibility of using two types of construction and demolition waste (CDWs), including thermostone blocks and ceramic tiles, as a partial replacement of sand in foam concrete to test the water absorption performance of foamed concrete. Twenty-one samples with three volume-replacement rates of sand for each waste type were explored (25, 50, and 75%). The effect of these various proportions on workability, fresh density, hardened density, and water absorption, it has been established. The results showed that the workability decreased with increasing replacement, and the density of hardened foam concrete increased. As for water absorption, it decreased at all replacement ratios as a result of filling the pores inside the foam concrete and thus increasing the bulk density. Which, in turn, reduces the permeability of foam concrete. The maximum redection in absorption and permeable voids was in the replacement of 75% of thermostone and ceramic waste powders, where the redection was 20.68% in absorption and 29.2% in permeable voids for thermostone replacement, the absorption value was 15.96%, and the permeable voids were 38.28% for ceramic.
{"title":"Water Absorption of Foamed Concrete using Recycled Aggregate Derived from Construction and Demolition Waste","authors":"Zinah A. Shareef, Sofyan Kashmolah, Omar Abdulkareem","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2023.143673.1291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2023.143673.1291","url":null,"abstract":"Foam concrete (FC) is a type of lightweight concrete that has had many voides added by the foaming agent. This paper investigates the possibility of using two types of construction and demolition waste (CDWs), including thermostone blocks and ceramic tiles, as a partial replacement of sand in foam concrete to test the water absorption performance of foamed concrete. Twenty-one samples with three volume-replacement rates of sand for each waste type were explored (25, 50, and 75%). The effect of these various proportions on workability, fresh density, hardened density, and water absorption, it has been established. The results showed that the workability decreased with increasing replacement, and the density of hardened foam concrete increased. As for water absorption, it decreased at all replacement ratios as a result of filling the pores inside the foam concrete and thus increasing the bulk density. Which, in turn, reduces the permeability of foam concrete. The maximum redection in absorption and permeable voids was in the replacement of 75% of thermostone and ceramic waste powders, where the redection was 20.68% in absorption and 29.2% in permeable voids for thermostone replacement, the absorption value was 15.96%, and the permeable voids were 38.28% for ceramic.","PeriodicalId":400548,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ)","volume":"115 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140088078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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