Pub Date : 2013-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525272
A. Amiri, M. Vaseghi
Cement production process is highly energy intensive with approximately 3GJ to 4GJ energy consumption per ton of cement produced. Also energy costs are responsible for 25% of total production costs while 75% of primary energy usage is thermal energy. However, the process is characterized by significant amount of heat loss mainly by the flue gases and the air stream used for cooling down the clinker. Waste heat is generated by fuel combustion process or chemical reactions, and then dumped into the environment even though it could still be reused for some useful and economic purposes. Reducing the amount of wasted heat as well as reusing it has been a matter of great concern for the past couple of decades. A heat recovery system could increase the efficiency of the cement plant as well as reducing the amount of CO2 emissions to the environment and by lowering the temperature of the exhaust gases. This paper is an introduction to Waste Heat Recovery Generation (WHRG) systems, their operations and feasibility for cement production process also a review of four common power generation cycles, steam Rankine cycle, organic Rankine Cycle, Kalina cycle and super critical CO2 cycle.
{"title":"Waste heat recovery power generation systems for cement production process","authors":"A. Amiri, M. Vaseghi","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525272","url":null,"abstract":"Cement production process is highly energy intensive with approximately 3GJ to 4GJ energy consumption per ton of cement produced. Also energy costs are responsible for 25% of total production costs while 75% of primary energy usage is thermal energy. However, the process is characterized by significant amount of heat loss mainly by the flue gases and the air stream used for cooling down the clinker. Waste heat is generated by fuel combustion process or chemical reactions, and then dumped into the environment even though it could still be reused for some useful and economic purposes. Reducing the amount of wasted heat as well as reusing it has been a matter of great concern for the past couple of decades. A heat recovery system could increase the efficiency of the cement plant as well as reducing the amount of CO2 emissions to the environment and by lowering the temperature of the exhaust gases. This paper is an introduction to Waste Heat Recovery Generation (WHRG) systems, their operations and feasibility for cement production process also a review of four common power generation cycles, steam Rankine cycle, organic Rankine Cycle, Kalina cycle and super critical CO2 cycle.","PeriodicalId":400797,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":" 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132012287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525274
D. Longhurst, M. Wilczek
Advances in materials, instrumentation, monitoring techniques, process knowledge and an ever increasing demand for efficiency and conservation have opened the way to research in areas of comminution that have been overlooked or abandoned time and time again. There are a multitude of papers and books in existence concerning the “art” of grinding. Over the last 50 years, the specific energy required to reduce a given mineral or material to a specific fineness has been cut in half and we know there may still be possibilities to reduce this even further. About 60 years ago, Fred C. Bond, George Krouse, and a few others involved in comminution research conducted some preliminary studies on low filling level of grinding media in laboratory ball mills. Initial indications were that there was a very good possibility for increased efficiency if ball mills were run with drastically reduced filling levels. Unfortunately there was only a verbal presentation and discussion on the results; no written report was made and both men have since passed away. Mr. Longhurst was fortunate to have been associated with them and his initial introduction to grinding was through them, which is how he came to know of these tests. This presentation was given at a time when a 1000 horsepower ball mill was considered a “giant” and the goal was to get as much energy from the lowest mill volume requirement. For this reason, funded research for possible efficiency gains from low ball charge filling levels was not allowed by the corporation they worked for. To put maximum energy between the trunnion bearings in a short distance required a high filling level in the mill, making the actual grinding efficiency a secondary concern. These decisions made a great deal of sense then as slide shoe supported mills were not in use. As demand for mills with increased energy grew, the bending stresses on the mill shell between trunnion bearings also grew. Mill shell thicknesses increased and the head and discharge walls of trunnion supported mills became massive. The question as to whether or not energy was being effectively transmitted to the material being ground as the layers of balls increased in the grinding chamber remained unanswered. In other words, “Was there a change in efficiency relative to the filling degree of ball mills?” With the advent of shell supported mills and larger diameters, the bending stresses on mill shells were alleviated to a great degree. Slide shoe supported mills eased those concerns and made possible the lowering of “normal” filling levels of 40% to 45% to a new “normal” of 28% to 35%. Ten to fifteen years ago two events took place which seemed to support the results of the preliminary investigations of low level filling and efficiency. In the first case, one of the drives failed on a dual drive ball mill operating with a High Pressure Grinding Roll (HPGR)(1). Since delivery time for parts to repair the damaged drive was lengthy, a decision was made to reduce th
材料、仪器、监测技术、工艺知识的进步以及对效率和保护的不断增长的需求，为粉碎领域的研究开辟了道路，这些领域一直被忽视或一次又一次地被放弃。关于研磨的“艺术”，已有大量的论文和书籍。在过去的50年里，将特定矿物或材料减少到特定细度所需的比能量已经减少了一半，我们知道仍有可能进一步减少这一比能量。大约在60年前，Fred C. Bond, George Krouse和其他一些从事粉碎研究的人对实验室球磨机中研磨介质的低填充水平进行了一些初步研究。最初的迹象表明，如果球磨机在大幅降低填充水平的情况下运行，则极有可能提高效率。不幸的是，只有口头陈述和对结果的讨论;没有书面报告，两人都已去世。朗赫斯特先生很幸运与他们有联系，他最初接触研磨就是通过他们，这就是他如何知道这些测试的。这个演讲是在一个1000马力的球磨机被认为是一个“巨人”的时候进行的，目标是从最低的磨机体积要求中获得尽可能多的能量。出于这个原因，他们工作的公司不允许资助研究从低球电荷填充水平可能获得的效率提高。为了在短距离内将最大能量放在耳轴轴承之间，需要在磨机中提供高填充水平，从而使实际研磨效率成为次要问题。这些决定作出了很大的意义，然后滑鞋支持米尔斯没有在使用。随着对耗能增加的轧机的需求增加，轴承座之间轧机壳体的弯曲应力也增加了。轴承式磨壳厚度增大，磨头和出料壁变大。随着研磨室中球层的增加，能量是否被有效地传递给被研磨的材料，这个问题仍然没有答案。换句话说，“相对于球磨机的填充程度，效率是否有变化?”随着壳撑式轧机的出现和直径的增大，轧机壳体的弯曲应力得到了很大程度的缓解。滑动鞋支撑的工厂缓解了这些担忧，并使“正常”填充水平从40%到45%降至28%到35%的新“正常”填充水平成为可能。十到十五年前发生的两件事似乎支持了低水平填充和效率的初步调查结果。在第一种情况下，使用高压磨辊(HPGR)的双驱动球磨机的一个驱动器发生故障(1)。由于修复损坏驱动器的部件的交货时间很长，因此决定将球磨机中的装药量从大约32%的填充水平降低到足够低的水平，以允许球磨机使用单个剩余驱动器进行操作。令人惊讶的是，结果是生产损失最小，效率显著提高。在几年后的第二个案例中，出现了一个机会，允许使用一个新的磨矿机，该磨矿机采用低球量磨矿高炉矿渣，生产120级矿渣水泥(~5750 cm2/g)。这一结果在2000年IEEE上发表了一篇题为“不同磨矿系统中的分离渣磨”的论文(2)。从那时起，很少有人在商业规模上调查低填充水平的球磨机可能带来的好处。由于时间、费用和生产中可能的损失，直到最近才在商业磨机上进行这样的研究。考虑到能源成本的上升和市场的缓慢，随着新工厂的投产，降低比能导致能源成本降低的可能性为进一步研究这一现象打开了机会之窗。
{"title":"Efficiency and grinding media filling level","authors":"D. Longhurst, M. Wilczek","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525274","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in materials, instrumentation, monitoring techniques, process knowledge and an ever increasing demand for efficiency and conservation have opened the way to research in areas of comminution that have been overlooked or abandoned time and time again. There are a multitude of papers and books in existence concerning the “art” of grinding. Over the last 50 years, the specific energy required to reduce a given mineral or material to a specific fineness has been cut in half and we know there may still be possibilities to reduce this even further. About 60 years ago, Fred C. Bond, George Krouse, and a few others involved in comminution research conducted some preliminary studies on low filling level of grinding media in laboratory ball mills. Initial indications were that there was a very good possibility for increased efficiency if ball mills were run with drastically reduced filling levels. Unfortunately there was only a verbal presentation and discussion on the results; no written report was made and both men have since passed away. Mr. Longhurst was fortunate to have been associated with them and his initial introduction to grinding was through them, which is how he came to know of these tests. This presentation was given at a time when a 1000 horsepower ball mill was considered a “giant” and the goal was to get as much energy from the lowest mill volume requirement. For this reason, funded research for possible efficiency gains from low ball charge filling levels was not allowed by the corporation they worked for. To put maximum energy between the trunnion bearings in a short distance required a high filling level in the mill, making the actual grinding efficiency a secondary concern. These decisions made a great deal of sense then as slide shoe supported mills were not in use. As demand for mills with increased energy grew, the bending stresses on the mill shell between trunnion bearings also grew. Mill shell thicknesses increased and the head and discharge walls of trunnion supported mills became massive. The question as to whether or not energy was being effectively transmitted to the material being ground as the layers of balls increased in the grinding chamber remained unanswered. In other words, “Was there a change in efficiency relative to the filling degree of ball mills?” With the advent of shell supported mills and larger diameters, the bending stresses on mill shells were alleviated to a great degree. Slide shoe supported mills eased those concerns and made possible the lowering of “normal” filling levels of 40% to 45% to a new “normal” of 28% to 35%. Ten to fifteen years ago two events took place which seemed to support the results of the preliminary investigations of low level filling and efficiency. In the first case, one of the drives failed on a dual drive ball mill operating with a High Pressure Grinding Roll (HPGR)(1). Since delivery time for parts to repair the damaged drive was lengthy, a decision was made to reduce th","PeriodicalId":400797,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"516 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116219901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525266
J. Bloom, M. D. Stevens
With the passage of the “California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006” (AB32), California became the only U.S. state to undertake an economy wide climate change program. This Act required the state's Air Resources Board (ARB) to adopt rules and regulations in an open public process to reduce state-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. In order to achieve the State's GHG goal by 2020, ARB adopted many direct regulations to reduce GHG emissions and a market based Cap & Trade program. Within the Cap & Trade program, multiple sectors are covered, including, for example, electricity suppliers, transportation fuels suppliers and the industrial sector (which includes, among others, all cement plants in the state). The Cap & Trade program goes into effect on January 1, 2013. This paper will provide relevant background information on the cement industry and an overview of California's climate change program with particular focus on the Cap & Trade program and how the cement industry will be regulated.
{"title":"California's climate change program & implications for the cement industry","authors":"J. Bloom, M. D. Stevens","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525266","url":null,"abstract":"With the passage of the “California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006” (AB32), California became the only U.S. state to undertake an economy wide climate change program. This Act required the state's Air Resources Board (ARB) to adopt rules and regulations in an open public process to reduce state-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. In order to achieve the State's GHG goal by 2020, ARB adopted many direct regulations to reduce GHG emissions and a market based Cap & Trade program. Within the Cap & Trade program, multiple sectors are covered, including, for example, electricity suppliers, transportation fuels suppliers and the industrial sector (which includes, among others, all cement plants in the state). The Cap & Trade program goes into effect on January 1, 2013. This paper will provide relevant background information on the cement industry and an overview of California's climate change program with particular focus on the Cap & Trade program and how the cement industry will be regulated.","PeriodicalId":400797,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114631945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525264
R. Hankes
The lubrication of rotary kiln girth gearing presents a unique combination of challenges not present in other applications. In addition to the very slow operating speeds, there are significant thermal, alignment, and cleanliness issues that need to be addressed. There are also issues with application methods, gear guards, run-in compounds, and when switching lubricants. This paper outlines these issues and discusses ways to overcome these challenges for maximum service life.
{"title":"The selection and application of lubricants for rotary kiln girth gears and pinions","authors":"R. Hankes","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525264","url":null,"abstract":"The lubrication of rotary kiln girth gearing presents a unique combination of challenges not present in other applications. In addition to the very slow operating speeds, there are significant thermal, alignment, and cleanliness issues that need to be addressed. There are also issues with application methods, gear guards, run-in compounds, and when switching lubricants. This paper outlines these issues and discusses ways to overcome these challenges for maximum service life.","PeriodicalId":400797,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123361543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525287
D. Shipp, T. Dionise, V. Lorch
Switching transients associated with circuit breakers have been observed for many years. Recently this phenomenon has been attributed to a significant number of transformer failures involving primary circuit breaker switching. These transformer failures had common contributing factors such as 1) primary vacuum or SF-6 breaker, 2) short cable or bus connection to transformer, and 3) application involving dry-type or cast coil transformers and some liquid filled. This paper will review these recent transformer failures due to primary circuit breaker switching transients to show the severity of damage caused by the voltage surge and discuss the common contributing factors. Next, switching transient simulations in the electromagnetic transients program (EMTP) will give case studies which illustrate how breaker characteristics of current chopping and re-strike combine with critical circuit characteristics to cause transformer failure. Design and installation considerations will be addressed, especially the challenges of retrofitting a snubber to an existing facility with limited space. For the cement industry, situations where circuit breaker induced switching transients are likely to damage transformers will be discussed. Finally, several techniques and equipment proven to successfully mitigate the breaker switching transients will be presented including surge arresters, surge capacitors, snubbers and these in combination.
{"title":"Transformer failure due to circuit breaker induced switching transients appplicable to the cement industry","authors":"D. Shipp, T. Dionise, V. Lorch","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525287","url":null,"abstract":"Switching transients associated with circuit breakers have been observed for many years. Recently this phenomenon has been attributed to a significant number of transformer failures involving primary circuit breaker switching. These transformer failures had common contributing factors such as 1) primary vacuum or SF-6 breaker, 2) short cable or bus connection to transformer, and 3) application involving dry-type or cast coil transformers and some liquid filled. This paper will review these recent transformer failures due to primary circuit breaker switching transients to show the severity of damage caused by the voltage surge and discuss the common contributing factors. Next, switching transient simulations in the electromagnetic transients program (EMTP) will give case studies which illustrate how breaker characteristics of current chopping and re-strike combine with critical circuit characteristics to cause transformer failure. Design and installation considerations will be addressed, especially the challenges of retrofitting a snubber to an existing facility with limited space. For the cement industry, situations where circuit breaker induced switching transients are likely to damage transformers will be discussed. Finally, several techniques and equipment proven to successfully mitigate the breaker switching transients will be presented including surge arresters, surge capacitors, snubbers and these in combination.","PeriodicalId":400797,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117159058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525281
K. Wilber
With the issuance of EPA's Portland Cement (PC) Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) rule, the industry is faced with a number of new challenges relative to both hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) control and monitoring. This paper focuses on the monitoring of mercury (Hg), with particular emphasis on electronic (AKA “real-time”) Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS). A description of the monitoring technology and the experiences and requirements for its service and maintenance is also included. Finally, the case is made for the prospect of using a real-time HgCEMS for air pollution control equipment performance monitoring and control, as well as regulatory compliance.
{"title":"Maintenance of continuous emissions mercury monitoring systems (HgCEMS) under the U.S. EPA Portland Cement (PC) MACT rules","authors":"K. Wilber","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525281","url":null,"abstract":"With the issuance of EPA's Portland Cement (PC) Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) rule, the industry is faced with a number of new challenges relative to both hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) control and monitoring. This paper focuses on the monitoring of mercury (Hg), with particular emphasis on electronic (AKA “real-time”) Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS). A description of the monitoring technology and the experiences and requirements for its service and maintenance is also included. Finally, the case is made for the prospect of using a real-time HgCEMS for air pollution control equipment performance monitoring and control, as well as regulatory compliance.","PeriodicalId":400797,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131745230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525262
A. Varava, J. Schaadt
Cement plants strive to produce the most product for the least cost and impact to the environment. With each project comes an opportunity to address these goals. This paper is a case study of how cement plants can implement main process fan and drive projects to achieve such goals with positive results.
{"title":"Electrical AC drive conversion strategies for optimizing cement production — A case study","authors":"A. Varava, J. Schaadt","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525262","url":null,"abstract":"Cement plants strive to produce the most product for the least cost and impact to the environment. With each project comes an opportunity to address these goals. This paper is a case study of how cement plants can implement main process fan and drive projects to achieve such goals with positive results.","PeriodicalId":400797,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122152251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-11DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525286
M. Ifurung
This paper reports the discovery of elevated vibration level of one of six 5000 HP gearbox of a cement vertical roller mill (VRM) due electro-erosion damage on the gear teeth. The gearbox has been in operation for only less than two years and the lead time for ordering is at least 18 months. Initial investigation by third party consultant showed that the destructive current was not coming from the shaft of the main drive motor but from a VFD-driven motor of the separator indirectly linked to the gearbox of the VRM. After an exhaustive in-house measurement campaign, it was discovered that the voltage was generated by the rotor of the main drive motor despite the fact that the motor had an insulated bearing. The potential has enough energy to generate high current micro sparks to cause micro pitting on the gear surface. The current had no damaging effect on the motor sleeve bearings but migrated to the gear through the non-isolated coupling. All the data from the shaft current, harmonics and motor current signature measurement were analyzed to determine the source and mode of generation of the shaft voltage. After which, a permanent solution was implemented to mitigate the damaging effect of the generated voltage on the shaft.
{"title":"Shaft current on large wound rotor motor: Generation, detection, measurement and mitigation","authors":"M. Ifurung","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525286","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the discovery of elevated vibration level of one of six 5000 HP gearbox of a cement vertical roller mill (VRM) due electro-erosion damage on the gear teeth. The gearbox has been in operation for only less than two years and the lead time for ordering is at least 18 months. Initial investigation by third party consultant showed that the destructive current was not coming from the shaft of the main drive motor but from a VFD-driven motor of the separator indirectly linked to the gearbox of the VRM. After an exhaustive in-house measurement campaign, it was discovered that the voltage was generated by the rotor of the main drive motor despite the fact that the motor had an insulated bearing. The potential has enough energy to generate high current micro sparks to cause micro pitting on the gear surface. The current had no damaging effect on the motor sleeve bearings but migrated to the gear through the non-isolated coupling. All the data from the shaft current, harmonics and motor current signature measurement were analyzed to determine the source and mode of generation of the shaft voltage. After which, a permanent solution was implemented to mitigate the damaging effect of the generated voltage on the shaft.","PeriodicalId":400797,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116871270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-01DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525280
J. Jerrels, K. Walden
Cement operations increasingly depend on contractor companies to provide specialized skills and expertise. However, relying on contractors carries associated safety risks that are gaining the attention of organizations. If not managed, these risks can lead to regulatory issues, productivity issues, legal action, and eventually a serious injury or death. While cement companies and their contractors have the same objective as it pertains to safety - to prevent all injuries and accidents - it is ultimately the cement companies that determine whether contractors put “safety first”. This paper identifies methods through which cement operators may effectively manage the risks associated with utilizing contractors to improve safety results. Topics include managing the contractor during selection and qualification, setting site work expectations, setting enforcement guidelines, and establishing channels of communication.
{"title":"Contractor safety management","authors":"J. Jerrels, K. Walden","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525280","url":null,"abstract":"Cement operations increasingly depend on contractor companies to provide specialized skills and expertise. However, relying on contractors carries associated safety risks that are gaining the attention of organizations. If not managed, these risks can lead to regulatory issues, productivity issues, legal action, and eventually a serious injury or death. While cement companies and their contractors have the same objective as it pertains to safety - to prevent all injuries and accidents - it is ultimately the cement companies that determine whether contractors put “safety first”. This paper identifies methods through which cement operators may effectively manage the risks associated with utilizing contractors to improve safety results. Topics include managing the contractor during selection and qualification, setting site work expectations, setting enforcement guidelines, and establishing channels of communication.","PeriodicalId":400797,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133094858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-01DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525277
F. Olivas, O. Aragonez
The following paper provides an overview of the opportunities and benefits of used shipping containers for modular construction in heavy industries. Surplus shipping containers have spawned construction industries and architectures for a wide range of end uses: homes, offices, apartments, school classrooms, dormitories, studios, and emergency shelters, to name a few. This paper will focus on their use in heavy industry, particularly for electrical rooms and control rooms. The paper will review a typical project highlighting the construction techniques and benefits realized.
{"title":"Plug and play — Modular building solutions to reduce lead time, cost and increase flexibility","authors":"F. Olivas, O. Aragonez","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2013.6525277","url":null,"abstract":"The following paper provides an overview of the opportunities and benefits of used shipping containers for modular construction in heavy industries. Surplus shipping containers have spawned construction industries and architectures for a wide range of end uses: homes, offices, apartments, school classrooms, dormitories, studios, and emergency shelters, to name a few. This paper will focus on their use in heavy industry, particularly for electrical rooms and control rooms. The paper will review a typical project highlighting the construction techniques and benefits realized.","PeriodicalId":400797,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130948978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：