Pub Date : 2004-05-23DOI: 10.1109/REPCON.2004.1307072
J. Dudas, A. Necaise
This paper discusses the technical advancements in medium voltage (15-35kV) underground residential distribution (URD) power cable material and design specifications for the largest rural electric co-ops. The data was obtained from responses furnished by fifty-seven of the largest electric cooperatives, selected on the number of underground miles installed. Special attention was given to their specification preferences for solid or filled conductors, insulation and conductor shield compounds, extrusion and curing methods, metallic shield type and jacket type and material. Utilities also provided key information on the number of cable miles installed each year, the voltage class, the insulation type and thickness specified, the percentage of cable direct buried versus installed in duct, and the cable tests and reports required. A number of utilities also furnished data on the percentage of cable used for replacement of failed cables and the cable vintage being replaced. The results provide meaningful information that enables all rural electric co-ops to compare their medium voltage underground cable specifications and practices with the largest utilities in their industry.
{"title":"Advancements in underground cable material and design specifications of the largest rural electric co-ops","authors":"J. Dudas, A. Necaise","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2004.1307072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2004.1307072","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the technical advancements in medium voltage (15-35kV) underground residential distribution (URD) power cable material and design specifications for the largest rural electric co-ops. The data was obtained from responses furnished by fifty-seven of the largest electric cooperatives, selected on the number of underground miles installed. Special attention was given to their specification preferences for solid or filled conductors, insulation and conductor shield compounds, extrusion and curing methods, metallic shield type and jacket type and material. Utilities also provided key information on the number of cable miles installed each year, the voltage class, the insulation type and thickness specified, the percentage of cable direct buried versus installed in duct, and the cable tests and reports required. A number of utilities also furnished data on the percentage of cable used for replacement of failed cables and the cable vintage being replaced. The results provide meaningful information that enables all rural electric co-ops to compare their medium voltage underground cable specifications and practices with the largest utilities in their industry.","PeriodicalId":401769,"journal":{"name":"Rural Electric Power Conference, 2004","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121535196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-23DOI: 10.1109/REPCON.2004.1307035
M. Drabkin, R. B. Carpenter
Power line outages caused by lightning present a serious engineering problem. Design of overhead power lines with an acceptable level of lightning protection for regions with high density of lightning flashes and high specific resistivity of the soil can be a challenging task. In many cases, shield wires and lightning arresters are widely used means for this purpose, but do not provide the total compliance with the required number of line outages due to lightning and may be not cost effective. This paper describes an alternative method of lightning protection for overhead power fines. The enhanced zone of protection provided by multi-point lightning protectors installed on the poles instead of shield wires will cover most of the span. Implementation of chemically charged grounding rods together with the multi-point protectors will decrease the number of back flashovers causing the trip off of the line or eliminate them, depending on final earthing resistance.
{"title":"Advances in lightning protection and grounding systems for power systems","authors":"M. Drabkin, R. B. Carpenter","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2004.1307035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2004.1307035","url":null,"abstract":"Power line outages caused by lightning present a serious engineering problem. Design of overhead power lines with an acceptable level of lightning protection for regions with high density of lightning flashes and high specific resistivity of the soil can be a challenging task. In many cases, shield wires and lightning arresters are widely used means for this purpose, but do not provide the total compliance with the required number of line outages due to lightning and may be not cost effective. This paper describes an alternative method of lightning protection for overhead power fines. The enhanced zone of protection provided by multi-point lightning protectors installed on the poles instead of shield wires will cover most of the span. Implementation of chemically charged grounding rods together with the multi-point protectors will decrease the number of back flashovers causing the trip off of the line or eliminate them, depending on final earthing resistance.","PeriodicalId":401769,"journal":{"name":"Rural Electric Power Conference, 2004","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131300338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-23DOI: 10.1109/REPCON.2004.1307064
P. Appelt, J. Goodfellow
ECI and others have conducted applied practical research to the question of how trees cause sustained as well as momentary interruptions. This research has led to the development of a conceptual model of tree-initiated faults on overhead distribution systems. Information gained from this newfound understanding into distribution system construction, tree species, and voltage impacts on fault risk has implications for tree maintenance programs and construction standards. ECI has used this understanding to help utilities optimize maintenance cycles to reduce annual asset maintenance costs, while reducing interruptions associated with tree growth.
{"title":"Research on how trees cause interruptions - applications to vegetation management","authors":"P. Appelt, J. Goodfellow","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2004.1307064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2004.1307064","url":null,"abstract":"ECI and others have conducted applied practical research to the question of how trees cause sustained as well as momentary interruptions. This research has led to the development of a conceptual model of tree-initiated faults on overhead distribution systems. Information gained from this newfound understanding into distribution system construction, tree species, and voltage impacts on fault risk has implications for tree maintenance programs and construction standards. ECI has used this understanding to help utilities optimize maintenance cycles to reduce annual asset maintenance costs, while reducing interruptions associated with tree growth.","PeriodicalId":401769,"journal":{"name":"Rural Electric Power Conference, 2004","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133142502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-23DOI: 10.1109/REPCON.2004.1307062
G. McNaughton, M. E. Gordon
Enterprise application integration has been an elusive goal for utilities for many years. Integration, particularly among operations applications -such as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), automated meter reading (AMR), outage management (OMS), and load management (LM) systems -has been particularly difficult. Such integration, where possible at all, has often required costly custom programming. The expense and complexity of custom integration has often prohibited small utilities from achieving successful interaction among operations applications. The MultiSpeak/spl reg/ Initiative is a collaborative effort of software vendors sponsored by the Cooperative Research Network of the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association. During 2000, the Initiative developed a specification for common data interfaces among back-office applications widely applied at distribution cooperatives. The Initiative has developed extensions to that specification to include: (i) SCADA, AMR, OMS, LM, and customer relationship management interfaces and (ii) a messaging framework to support real-time communications among the supported applications, both operations and back-office. This paper discusses the development of the operations support application interfaces and the real-time messaging framework. It also discusses how these specification enhancements can facilitate cost-effective application integration in small utilities.
{"title":"Development of a real-time framework for enterprise integration - NRECA's MultiSpeak/spl reg/2 specification","authors":"G. McNaughton, M. E. Gordon","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2004.1307062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2004.1307062","url":null,"abstract":"Enterprise application integration has been an elusive goal for utilities for many years. Integration, particularly among operations applications -such as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), automated meter reading (AMR), outage management (OMS), and load management (LM) systems -has been particularly difficult. Such integration, where possible at all, has often required costly custom programming. The expense and complexity of custom integration has often prohibited small utilities from achieving successful interaction among operations applications. The MultiSpeak/spl reg/ Initiative is a collaborative effort of software vendors sponsored by the Cooperative Research Network of the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association. During 2000, the Initiative developed a specification for common data interfaces among back-office applications widely applied at distribution cooperatives. The Initiative has developed extensions to that specification to include: (i) SCADA, AMR, OMS, LM, and customer relationship management interfaces and (ii) a messaging framework to support real-time communications among the supported applications, both operations and back-office. This paper discusses the development of the operations support application interfaces and the real-time messaging framework. It also discusses how these specification enhancements can facilitate cost-effective application integration in small utilities.","PeriodicalId":401769,"journal":{"name":"Rural Electric Power Conference, 2004","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134199358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/REPCON.2004.1307048
J. Burke
The application of capacitors has become commonplace in the United States. There was a time when the application of capacitors on a wide scale basis was unusual because losses didn't cost that much and regulators handled the voltage drop quite well. Things have changed. Losses are a major concern. Voltage quality, due to more sensitive loads, is an issue. Finally, in today's world of cutting costs, capacitors are seen as the cheap way to reduce losses, improve voltage and get more watts out of what's already there. The purpose of this paper is to very briefly review some of the considerations rural distribution engineers might address in the application of capacitors.
{"title":"The application of capacitors on rural distribution systems","authors":"J. Burke","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2004.1307048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2004.1307048","url":null,"abstract":"The application of capacitors has become commonplace in the United States. There was a time when the application of capacitors on a wide scale basis was unusual because losses didn't cost that much and regulators handled the voltage drop quite well. Things have changed. Losses are a major concern. Voltage quality, due to more sensitive loads, is an issue. Finally, in today's world of cutting costs, capacitors are seen as the cheap way to reduce losses, improve voltage and get more watts out of what's already there. The purpose of this paper is to very briefly review some of the considerations rural distribution engineers might address in the application of capacitors.","PeriodicalId":401769,"journal":{"name":"Rural Electric Power Conference, 2004","volume":"421 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113986633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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