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Human Rights for Refugees 难民的人权
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789004481039_011
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引用次数: 0
Reflections Concerning the Teaching of and Research into Refugee Law 关于难民法教学与研究的思考
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789004481039_022
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引用次数: 0
Fridtjof Nansen Centre, a Proposal Fridtjof Nansen中心,一个建议
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789004481039_031
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引用次数: 0
Protection of Refugees by Their Country of Origin 原籍国对难民的保护
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789004481039_034
A. Grahl-Madsen
Forty years after the Second World War, the international refugee crisis shows few signs of abating. Millions of persons continue to flee their states of nationality in search of safe havens, and the underlying conflicts in their home states that caused their flight often lack any hope of resolution. States of asylum are now realizing that their refugees may become long-term visitors. The refugees, for their part, fear their states of nationality and seek protection from their new home. International refugee law has proved slow to deal with the conflicts governments face as exiled citizens, still nominally "protected" by their home state, seek to adjust to their state of asylum. Refugee law must clarify the role that the state of nationality should play once a refugee has fled it. This Article proposes a norm of international refugee law wherein the state of origin, by breaking its ties with a refugee, loses any right to "protect" or act on behalf of the refugee, until such time as the refugee willingly returns to that state. Part I offers a detailed definition and explanation of the concept of protection and the variety of activities it is often said to entail. Part II describes the position of the refugee as the quintessentially unprotected person. Part III outlines the role that protection plays in international law. It analyzes the interaction between nationality and protection and discusses the right of a state to protect its nationals both at home and abroad. Part IV looks back at the evolving notions of protection, emphasizing the shift from protection based upon residence to protection based upon formal requirements of nationality. The focus of the Article, the attempt by the state of nationality to assert its power over the refugee in his new residence, stems directly from the changing view of protection. Part V thus offers a new theory, emphasizing the irrelevance of a refugees's official nationality and proposing a legal ban on any protective measures by the state of origin.
第二次世界大战结束四十年后,国际难民危机几乎没有减弱的迹象。数以百万计的人继续逃离他们的国籍国,寻找安全的避风港,而导致他们逃离的原籍国的根本冲突往往没有任何解决的希望。庇护国现在认识到,它们的难民可能成为长期访客。对难民来说,他们害怕自己的国籍国,并在他们的新家园寻求保护。事实证明,国际难民法在处理各国政府面临的冲突方面进展缓慢,因为流亡公民仍在名义上受到本国的“保护”,他们试图适应自己的庇护状态。难民法必须明确一旦难民逃离国籍国,国籍国应发挥的作用。本条提出了一项国际难民法规范,其中原籍国因与难民断绝关系而丧失“保护”难民或代表难民行事的任何权利,直到难民自愿返回该国为止。第一部分详细地定义和解释了保护的概念以及人们常说的保护所涉及的各种活动。第二部分描述了难民作为典型的不受保护的人的地位。第三部分概述保护在国际法中所起的作用。它分析了国籍与保护之间的相互作用,并讨论了一个国家在国内和国外保护其国民的权利。第四部分回顾了保护观念的演变,强调了从基于居住的保护向基于国籍的正式要求的保护的转变。该条的重点是国籍国试图在难民的新居住地对其行使权力,这直接源于保护观念的变化。因此,第五部分提出了一种新的理论,强调难民的官方国籍无关紧要,并建议在法律上禁止原籍国采取任何保护措施。
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引用次数: 6
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The Land Beyond
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