This paper is a preliminary study that investigates whether the Big Data technology contributes to making the strategic decision-making more objective. Decisions depend on the decision-makers´ knowledge and intuition, the characteristics of decision task as well as the quality of the data analysed. Focusing on the decision objective component, it appears that the contemporary business context is characterised by: (I) a vast amount of data, but not all of this is meaningful; and (II) an unexplored kind of data, namely qualitative data. The aim of the paper is twofold. Firstly, to elaborate a theoretical framework integrating Big Data technology into strategic decision-making. And secondly, assessing the feasibility of the elaborated model on a strategic variable in the hi-tech field.
{"title":"Exploring Qualitative Data : the use of Big Data technology as support in strategic decision-making","authors":"Manuela Bertei, L. Marchi, Diego Buoncristiani","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V15_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V15_4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a preliminary study that investigates whether the Big Data technology contributes to making the strategic decision-making more objective. Decisions depend on the decision-makers´ knowledge and intuition, the characteristics of decision task as well as the quality of the data analysed. Focusing on the decision objective component, it appears that the contemporary business context is characterised by: (I) a vast amount of data, but not all of this is meaningful; and (II) an unexplored kind of data, namely qualitative data. The aim of the paper is twofold. Firstly, to elaborate a theoretical framework integrating Big Data technology into strategic decision-making. And secondly, assessing the feasibility of the elaborated model on a strategic variable in the hi-tech field.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115474964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Governments around the world identify the advancement of electronic invoicing in businesses as crucial for tackling administrative burdens. This paper examines, for the first time, the potential cost savings of e-invoicing in Belgium. Our analysis shows that the total cost of invoicing for Belgian private sector businesses in 2014 amounted to €3.47 billion (0.96% of GDP) and could be reduced to €1.46 billion (0.38% of GDP) if all invoices were sent digitally. Furthermore, an analysis of both barriers and enablers of e-invoicing reveals significant concerns that remain regarding the safety of e-invoicing, although a majority of private sector businesses clearly identifies the potential efficiency gains. From our contingent valuation survey among 683 Belgian businesses, we learn that the average willingness to pay (WTP) for the required investments for implementing digital invoicing amounts to €2,380. However, the potential annual cost savings of digital invoicing for the average small business in our sample is over €7,000. Additionally, our linear regression models indicate that the WTP is positively impacted by the perceived time and reduced risk gains of digital invoicing.
{"title":"Assessing the electronic invoicing potential for private sector firms in Belgium","authors":"K. Poel, W. Marneffe, Willem Vanlaer","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V16_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V16_1","url":null,"abstract":"Governments around the world identify the advancement of electronic invoicing in businesses as crucial for tackling administrative burdens. This paper examines, for the first time, the potential cost savings of e-invoicing in Belgium. Our analysis shows that the total cost of invoicing for Belgian private sector businesses in 2014 amounted to €3.47 billion (0.96% of GDP) and could be reduced to €1.46 billion (0.38% of GDP) if all invoices were sent digitally. Furthermore, an analysis of both barriers and enablers of e-invoicing reveals significant concerns that remain regarding the safety of e-invoicing, although a majority of private sector businesses clearly identifies the potential efficiency gains. From our contingent valuation survey among 683 Belgian businesses, we learn that the average willingness to pay (WTP) for the required investments for implementing digital invoicing amounts to €2,380. However, the potential annual cost savings of digital invoicing for the average small business in our sample is over €7,000. Additionally, our linear regression models indicate that the WTP is positively impacted by the perceived time and reduced risk gains of digital invoicing.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124769936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blockchain-based smart contracts are emerging as a disruptive force that may change the way financial statement audits are performed and delivered. With their potential ability to autonomously execute audit procedures on behalf of the auditor and disclose the results of these audit procedures, blockchain-based smart contracts have the potential to improve audit quality and meet the information demands of various vested parties for more timely and transparent audit reporting. This paper proposes the application of smart contracts to auditing as an enabler for improved audit data analytics and close to real-time audit reporting.
{"title":"Auditing with smart contracts","authors":"Andrea M. Rozario, M. Vasarhelyi","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V18_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V18_1","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain-based smart contracts are emerging as a disruptive force that may change the way financial statement audits are performed and delivered. With their potential ability to autonomously execute audit procedures on behalf of the auditor and disclose the results of these audit procedures, blockchain-based smart contracts have the potential to improve audit quality and meet the information demands of various vested parties for more timely and transparent audit reporting. This paper proposes the application of smart contracts to auditing as an enabler for improved audit data analytics and close to real-time audit reporting.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125409307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the professional circles, factors affecting audit risk are treated independently; however, a more objective approach in assessing detection risk should be involved the relationships among the audit risk factors. This study introduces a framework based on a fuzzy multi-criteria decision support to identify the influencing factors may affect the audit risk model considering the interdependencies among them. We first takes advantages of a fuzzy screening method to screen forty more practical factors may affect the audit risk model out of 58 potential ones. Then, we applied a combined approach of Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) to weight the factors and prioritize them considering their inner and outer dependencies complemented with a case study of Iran. To be more compatible with ambiguities related to human beings and make more useful decisions in the real world, the fuzzy set theory is used. The combined approach used in this study providing correct, precise weight for each factor can explore a more rigorous framework for decision-making in risk assessment by integrating interdependent relationships within and among audit risk factors.
{"title":"Identifying Influencing Factors of Audit Risk Model: A Combined Fuzzy ANP-DEMATEL Approach","authors":"Morteza Shafiee Sardasht, E. Rashedi","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V18_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V18_4","url":null,"abstract":"In the professional circles, factors affecting audit risk are treated independently; however, a more objective approach in assessing detection risk should be involved the relationships among the audit risk factors. This study introduces a framework based on a fuzzy multi-criteria decision support to identify the influencing factors may affect the audit risk model considering the interdependencies among them. We first takes advantages of a fuzzy screening method to screen forty more practical factors may affect the audit risk model out of 58 potential ones. Then, we applied a combined approach of Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) to weight the factors and prioritize them considering their inner and outer dependencies complemented with a case study of Iran. To be more compatible with ambiguities related to human beings and make more useful decisions in the real world, the fuzzy set theory is used. The combined approach used in this study providing correct, precise weight for each factor can explore a more rigorous framework for decision-making in risk assessment by integrating interdependent relationships within and among audit risk factors.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122328567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesus Canelon, Esperanza Huerta, J. Incera, Terry Ryan
This paper proposes a cybersecurity control framework for blockchain ecosystems, drawing from risks identified in the practitioner and academic literature. The framework identifies thirteen risks for blockchain implementations, ten common to other information systems and three risks specific to blockchains: centralization of computing power, transaction malleability, and flawed or malicious smart contracts. It also proposes controls to mitigate the risks identified; some were identified in the literature and some are new. Controls that apply to all types of information systems are adapted to the different components of the blockchain ecosystem.
{"title":"A Cybersecurity Control Framework for Blockchain Ecosystems","authors":"Jesus Canelon, Esperanza Huerta, J. Incera, Terry Ryan","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-v19_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-v19_5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a cybersecurity control framework for blockchain ecosystems, drawing from risks identified in the practitioner and academic literature. The framework identifies thirteen risks for blockchain implementations, ten common to other information systems and three risks specific to blockchains: centralization of computing power, transaction malleability, and flawed or malicious smart contracts. It also proposes controls to mitigate the risks identified; some were identified in the literature and some are new. Controls that apply to all types of information systems are adapted to the different components of the blockchain ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122614555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports on the extent to which the Internet is used for financial reporting in the Netherlands. Results show that corporate reporting via the Internet seems to be an established fact. Most large companies have websites, and a growing percentage of those companies are placing business reporting information, including financial data, on their sites. However, the situation is not as positive as it seems. Further results show that Dutch corporations vary not only in their stage of Web-utilization, but also in the depth or volume of released information (divided into financial statement information and other investor related information). Besides, there is considerable variability in the manner in which the data are delivered, as shown by the scores of timeliness, technology and user support. In fact, the total weighted scores ranged between 11% and 74%. Concentrating on two sectors, it is found that the reporting behaviour within a single sector seems to be more or less homogeneous. This makes us conclude that companies are (partly) inspired by their competitors, and that they wish to keep pace with rivals.
{"title":"On-line financial reporting : an analysis of the Dutch listed firms","authors":"N. Lybaert","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V2_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V2_7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the extent to which the Internet is used for financial reporting in the\u0000Netherlands. Results show that corporate reporting via the Internet seems to be an established fact. Most\u0000large companies have websites, and a growing percentage of those companies are placing business\u0000reporting information, including financial data, on their sites. However, the situation is not as positive as\u0000it seems. Further results show that Dutch corporations vary not only in their stage of Web-utilization, but\u0000also in the depth or volume of released information (divided into financial statement information and\u0000other investor related information). Besides, there is considerable variability in the manner in which the\u0000data are delivered, as shown by the scores of timeliness, technology and user support. In fact, the total\u0000weighted scores ranged between 11% and 74%. Concentrating on two sectors, it is found that the reporting\u0000behaviour within a single sector seems to be more or less homogeneous. This makes us conclude that\u0000companies are (partly) inspired by their competitors, and that they wish to keep pace with rivals.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116734881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The volume of corporate disclosure is constantly growing and increasing attention is paid to the systematic exploration of its highly informative textual content. Manual analyses, however, are quickly reaching their capacity limits when exploring large collections of texts. Computer-aided text analyses are therefore becoming increasingly important in order to overcome the information overload. In accounting research, however, the corresponding possibilities and limitations of such computer-based analyses are hardly discussed. This paper addresses this knowledge gap and pursues the goal of demonstrating the use of computer-aided text analysis approaches and providing concrete recommendations of “dos” and “don'ts” for their application. Within the framework of a case study, two text analysis strategies – dictionary and statistical approach – are practically applied, documented and subsequently discussed. In conclusion, computer-based processes have proven to be an efficient means for coping with large text collections. Furthermore, the combined use of both text analysis approaches has proven advantageous since they complement each other and compensate for each other's weaknesses. The combination of quantitative results related to thematic categories (dictionary approach) as well as the exploration of new content patterns (statistical approach) provides a more comprehensive picture with regard to the presentation of corporate disclosure.
{"title":"Computer-Aided Text Analysis of Corporate Disclosures: Demonstration and Evaluation of Two Approaches","authors":"Benjamin Matthies, André Coners","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V15_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V15_3","url":null,"abstract":"The volume of corporate disclosure is constantly growing and increasing attention is paid to the systematic exploration of its highly informative textual content. Manual analyses, however, are quickly reaching their capacity limits when exploring large collections of texts. Computer-aided text analyses are therefore becoming increasingly important in order to overcome the information overload. In accounting research, however, the corresponding possibilities and limitations of such computer-based analyses are hardly discussed. This paper addresses this knowledge gap and pursues the goal of demonstrating the use of computer-aided text analysis approaches and providing concrete recommendations of “dos” and “don'ts” for their application. Within the framework of a case study, two text analysis strategies – dictionary and statistical approach – are practically applied, documented and subsequently discussed. In conclusion, computer-based processes have proven to be an efficient means for coping with large text collections. Furthermore, the combined use of both text analysis approaches has proven advantageous since they complement each other and compensate for each other's weaknesses. The combination of quantitative results related to thematic categories (dictionary approach) as well as the exploration of new content patterns (statistical approach) provides a more comprehensive picture with regard to the presentation of corporate disclosure.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127570645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An investigation into the application of continuous online auditing in the United Kingdom.","authors":"Kamil Omoteso, Ashok Patel, Peter J. Scott","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-v8_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-v8_2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130980361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants and characteristics of voluntary Internet disclosures by listed companies in three Gulf Cooperation Council countries. This paper uses archival data from 192 listed companies in Qatar Stock Exchange, Muscat Securities Market, and Bahrain Bourse. Binary Logistic Regression analysis is used to examine the determinants of Internet financial reporting. Kruskal-Wallis test is used to examine the differences in disclosure characteristics among the three countries. The results reveal that firm size is the major influencing factor that impacts Internet financial reporting in the GCC. A number of disclosure characteristics differ significantly between the three countries. The paper provides insights into corporate Internet disclosure in the GCC that will benefit all stakeholders with an interest in corporate reporting in this important region of the world. The results are consistent with previous literature that corporate size is a major determinant of Internet financial reporting.
{"title":"Determinants and Characteristics of Voluntary Internet Disclosures in GCC Countries","authors":"Ehab K. A. Mohamed, Mohamed A. K. Basuony","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V14_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V14_3","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants and characteristics of voluntary Internet disclosures by listed companies in three Gulf Cooperation Council countries. This paper uses archival data from 192 listed companies in Qatar Stock Exchange, Muscat Securities Market, and Bahrain Bourse. Binary Logistic Regression analysis is used to examine the determinants of Internet financial reporting. Kruskal-Wallis test is used to examine the differences in disclosure characteristics among the three countries. The results reveal that firm size is the major influencing factor that impacts Internet financial reporting in the GCC. A number of disclosure characteristics differ significantly between the three countries. The paper provides insights into corporate Internet disclosure in the GCC that will benefit all stakeholders with an interest in corporate reporting in this important region of the world. The results are consistent with previous literature that corporate size is a major determinant of Internet financial reporting.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"1731 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129445992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some of the governance weaknesses stem from the information asymmetry between insiders and the investing public. One way to mitigate the information asymmetry problem is to enhance accounting disclosures through XBRL format. In this paper, we analyze financial characteristics of voluntary adopters of XBRL. We build a multivariate logistic regression model to examine the relationship between firm characteristics and voluntary XBRL adopters. The new results of this study indicate that plant intensity (political costs), PE ratio (growth), and inventory ratio (complexity) are useful in discriminating voluntary �XBRL adopters� from non-adopters. We also confirm prior results with respect to firm size and debt ratio. We also build a multiple regression model and use the Governance Score developed by Brown and Caylor (2006) to further investigate the relationship between corporate governance rating and operating performance for voluntary XBRL adopters. Our results indicate that current ratio (liquidity), size, and auditor type are associated with corporate governance rating for voluntary adopters of XBRL.
{"title":"Voluntary XBRL Adopters and Firm Characteristics: an Empirical Analysis","authors":"Srinivasan Ragothaman","doi":"10.4192/1577-8517-V12_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4192/1577-8517-V12_4","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the governance weaknesses stem from the information asymmetry between insiders and the investing public. One way to mitigate the information asymmetry problem is to enhance accounting disclosures through XBRL format. In this paper, we analyze financial characteristics of voluntary adopters of XBRL. We build a multivariate logistic regression model to examine the relationship between firm characteristics and voluntary XBRL adopters. The new results of this study indicate that plant intensity (political costs), PE ratio (growth), and inventory ratio (complexity) are useful in discriminating voluntary �XBRL adopters� from non-adopters. We also confirm prior results with respect to firm size and debt ratio. We also build a multiple regression model and use the Governance Score developed by Brown and Caylor (2006) to further investigate the relationship between corporate governance rating and operating performance for voluntary XBRL adopters. Our results indicate that current ratio (liquidity), size, and auditor type are associated with corporate governance rating for voluntary adopters of XBRL.","PeriodicalId":404481,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128387171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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