Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9780429423499-17
Igor Mayer, Jacques Geurts
{"title":"Consensus Conferences as Participatory Policy Analysis: A Methodological Contribution to the Social Management of Technology","authors":"Igor Mayer, Jacques Geurts","doi":"10.4324/9780429423499-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429423499-17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":404706,"journal":{"name":"The Social Management of Genetic Engineering","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115506099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9780429423499-13
A. van Dommelen
The notion of ‘familiarity’ has been propagated as a new policy tool to bridge the gap between scientific expertise and regulatory practice in the context of biotechnology risk assessment. This chapter analyses the scientific merits of the concept of familiarity. This criterion is designed to amalgamate normative and scientific aspects of the biosafety issue. Understanding the scientific meaning of ‘familiarity’ in this context is a prerequisite for appreciating its normative role in regulatory decision-making. The concept of ‘familiarity’ can only serve its purpose in biosafety assessment when it is reconstructed in terms of its underlying biological models. The Economic Cooperation and Development has cited familiarity with the environment as a relevant safety consideration. However, when it comes to identifying possible impacts of genetically manipulated organisms on ecosystems, there is no such thing as ‘familiarity with the environment’ without explicit consideration of the interactive relations between that environment and the organism.
{"title":"Useful Models for Biotechnology Hazard Identification: What is this Thing called 'Familiarity'?","authors":"A. van Dommelen","doi":"10.4324/9780429423499-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429423499-13","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of ‘familiarity’ has been propagated as a new policy tool to bridge the gap between scientific expertise and regulatory practice in the context of biotechnology risk assessment. This chapter analyses the scientific merits of the concept of familiarity. This criterion is designed to amalgamate normative and scientific aspects of the biosafety issue. Understanding the scientific meaning of ‘familiarity’ in this context is a prerequisite for appreciating its normative role in regulatory decision-making. The concept of ‘familiarity’ can only serve its purpose in biosafety assessment when it is reconstructed in terms of its underlying biological models. The Economic Cooperation and Development has cited familiarity with the environment as a relevant safety consideration. However, when it comes to identifying possible impacts of genetically manipulated organisms on ecosystems, there is no such thing as ‘familiarity with the environment’ without explicit consideration of the interactive relations between that environment and the organism.","PeriodicalId":404706,"journal":{"name":"The Social Management of Genetic Engineering","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124323338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The UK Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre: A User Analysis","authors":"P. Glasner, H. Rothman, W. Yee","doi":"10.4324/9780429423499-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429423499-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":404706,"journal":{"name":"The Social Management of Genetic Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133645951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9780429423499-14
R. von Schomberg
{"title":"Democratising the Policy Process for the Environmental Release of Genetically Engineered Organisms","authors":"R. von Schomberg","doi":"10.4324/9780429423499-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429423499-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":404706,"journal":{"name":"The Social Management of Genetic Engineering","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128500016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9780429423499-12
A. Hill, M. Michael
{"title":"Engineering Acceptance: Representations of 'The Public' in Debates on Biotechnology","authors":"A. Hill, M. Michael","doi":"10.4324/9780429423499-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429423499-12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":404706,"journal":{"name":"The Social Management of Genetic Engineering","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126722755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Eugenics to Therapeutics: The Impact of Opposition on the Development of Gene Therapy in the USA","authors":"P. Martin","doi":"10.4324/9780429423499-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429423499-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":404706,"journal":{"name":"The Social Management of Genetic Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121647751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human Genome Research and the Human Genome Diversity Project: Some Ethical Issues","authors":"P. Wheale","doi":"10.4324/9780429423499-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429423499-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":404706,"journal":{"name":"The Social Management of Genetic Engineering","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121708647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Publications on the 16 yeast chromosome sequences group together over 400 different authors from Europe, Japan, Australia and the USA. When research is not organised in networks, it is carried out in large sequencing centres such as the Sanger Centre in Britain, the Helix Institute in Japan or Saint Louis University in the USA. Both cases illustrate the collective nature of knowledge creation. Other examples of co-operation between numerous researchers in various countries, more closely related to innovation, might also be mentioned, such as the development of software for comparing proteins or DNA sequences. Collective publications reveal the collective nature of research, whether it is carried out by major consortia (the case of yeast) or around large research facilities (such as the synchrotron or major genome sequencing centres). This collective nature stems from two factors: (1) the advantages of co-ordinating efforts on major projects (e.g. economies of scale and of collection) and (2) very strong interdependency in the creation and utilisation of knowledge (related to cumulativeness).
{"title":"How Long is Cooperation in Genomics Sustainable?","authors":"P. Joly, V. Mangematin","doi":"10.4324/9780429423499-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429423499-5","url":null,"abstract":"Publications on the 16 yeast chromosome sequences group together over 400 different authors from Europe, Japan, Australia and the USA. When research is not organised in networks, it is carried out in large sequencing centres such as the Sanger Centre in Britain, the Helix Institute in Japan or Saint Louis University in the USA. Both cases illustrate the collective nature of knowledge creation. Other examples of co-operation between numerous researchers in various countries, more closely related to innovation, might also be mentioned, such as the development of software for comparing proteins or DNA sequences. Collective publications reveal the collective nature of research, whether it is carried out by major consortia (the case of yeast) or around large research facilities (such as the synchrotron or major genome sequencing centres). This collective nature stems from two factors: (1) the advantages of co-ordinating efforts on major projects (e.g. economies of scale and of collection) and (2) very strong interdependency in the creation and utilisation of knowledge (related to cumulativeness).","PeriodicalId":404706,"journal":{"name":"The Social Management of Genetic Engineering","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116641177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The European Community as an Ethical Actor? Policy Making on the Human Genome and the Role of the European Parliament","authors":"Gabriele Abels","doi":"10.4324/9780429423499-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429423499-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":404706,"journal":{"name":"The Social Management of Genetic Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123564006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DNA Diagnosis and the Emergence of Cancer-Genetic Services in European Health Care","authors":"P. Bourret, L. Koch, D. Stemerding","doi":"10.4324/9780429423499-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429423499-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":404706,"journal":{"name":"The Social Management of Genetic Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128058311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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