Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.26226/morressier.60dc99e65d86378f03b413df
Amanda Stueber, C. Cuttler
Many individuals with mental health disorders use cannabis to self-medicate for their symptoms. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological disorder associated with increased cannabis use but, relative to other mental disorders (e.g., anxiety, psychosis, post-traumatic stress disorder), far less attention has been paid to examining cannabis use by people with ADHD. Nevertheless, there is some limited evidence to suggest that people with ADHD might use cannabis to self-medicate for their symptoms and that they perceive it to be beneficial for this purpose. The goal of this study was to better understand the nature of the relationships between cannabis use and A total of 1,382 undergraduate students completed an online survey measuring their ADHD symptoms, and cannabis use patterns. Participants who reported they have used cannabis to manage their ADHD were further asked to report their perceptions of whether acute and/or chronic cannabis use improves, worsens, or has no effect on their ADHD symptoms. Participants who reported they have been prescribed ADHD medication and use cannabis also reported their perception of how cannabis use affects the effectiveness of their medication, and ADHD medication side effects. Evidence from this study revealed that ADHD symptom severity is associated with consuming cannabis more frequently and with more severe symptoms of cannabis use disorder. Participants with ADHD reported that cannabis has acute detrimental effects on memory but beneficial effects on many of their other core symptoms of ADHD, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, restlessness, and mental frustration. While most participants on ADHD medications reported that cannabis does not influence their medication effectiveness, they did report that cannabis helps with many of the side effects associated with their ADHD medications including headaches, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, moodiness/irritability, and anxiety. The knowledge gained from this study will help people with ADHD and their healthcare providers by providing them with a better understanding of the use of cannabis by individuals with ADHD including the possible risks and benefits of such use on cannabis use disorder, ADHD symptoms, and medication side effects.
{"title":"Elucidating the Nature of the Links Between Cannabis Use and Attention Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder","authors":"Amanda Stueber, C. Cuttler","doi":"10.26226/morressier.60dc99e65d86378f03b413df","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.60dc99e65d86378f03b413df","url":null,"abstract":"Many individuals with mental health disorders use cannabis to self-medicate for their symptoms. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological disorder associated with increased cannabis use but, relative to other mental disorders (e.g., anxiety, psychosis, post-traumatic stress disorder), far less attention has been paid to examining cannabis use by people with ADHD. Nevertheless, there is some limited evidence to suggest that people with ADHD might use cannabis to self-medicate for their symptoms and that they perceive it to be beneficial for this purpose. The goal of this study was to better understand the nature of the relationships between cannabis use and A total of 1,382 undergraduate students completed an online survey measuring their ADHD symptoms, and cannabis use patterns. Participants who reported they have used cannabis to manage their ADHD were further asked to report their perceptions of whether acute and/or chronic cannabis use improves, worsens, or has no effect on their ADHD symptoms. Participants who reported they have been prescribed ADHD medication and use cannabis also reported their perception of how cannabis use affects the effectiveness of their medication, and ADHD medication side effects. Evidence from this study revealed that ADHD symptom severity is associated with consuming cannabis more frequently and with more severe symptoms of cannabis use disorder. Participants with ADHD reported that cannabis has acute detrimental effects on memory but beneficial effects on many of their other core symptoms of ADHD, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, restlessness, and mental frustration. While most participants on ADHD medications reported that cannabis does not influence their medication effectiveness, they did report that cannabis helps with many of the side effects associated with their ADHD medications including headaches, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, moodiness/irritability, and anxiety. The knowledge gained from this study will help people with ADHD and their healthcare providers by providing them with a better understanding of the use of cannabis by individuals with ADHD including the possible risks and benefits of such use on cannabis use disorder, ADHD symptoms, and medication side effects.","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124464836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.22
Gabrielle Longo, Frida de Luna, Mahnoor Ahmad
Cannabis users are increasingly turning towards the Internet for information about cannabis, especially medicinal patients, who generally have low to moderate knowledge of important aspects of cannabis like medicinal effectiveness. Potential for misuse of cannabis is much higher when there is a lack of accurate information (Kruger et al., 2020). Overuse of cannabis can be associated with discontinued enrollment in school, trouble dealing with anxiety and stress, and an increased risk of schizotypy (Blavos et al., 2017). Cannabinoid exposure during pregnancy has been shown to have negative effects on the fetal immune system (Dong et al., 2019), is associated with low birth weight, stunted development (Gusstafson & Jacobsson, 2019), and cognitive impairment (Grant et al., 2018). Cannabis dispensary employees have been found to make health suggestions without proper qualifications (Dickson 2018), and advertising on dispensary websites often suggests strains for specific medical conditions, despite the lack of empirical evidence supporting these claims (Kruger et al., 2020; Luc 2020). This increasing medicalization of cannabis by those unqualified to do so is concerning in such a fast-growing field. The present study assesses the presence of health warnings on cannabis dispensary websites, specifically (a) the presence of facts or warnings about potential psychological consequences (e.g., paranoia, increased vulnerability to psychosis), (b) facts or warnings about use in pregnant women, and (c) general dosage warnings. Dispensaries were selected at random in all states that have legal cannabis. 15 dispensaries were selected from each state. If the state had less than 15, all dispensaries in the state were included in coding, for a total of 389 dispensary websites. Dispensaries were identified via informal cannabis websites like leafly.com and potguides.com, as the purpose of the study was to identify dispensary websites that the average person would find when searching the Internet. Previous studies have utilized state agency lists and informal lists (Cavazos-Rehg et al., 2019). Three trained research assistants coded each website for the relevant information. 30% of websites coded had psychological consequence warnings (n = 111), 21.53% had gynecological health warnings, and 45.65% had general use warnings. Three separate logistic regression analyses were performed with the three types of health warnings as the binary outcome variable (the information is either present = 1, or not present = 0) and legality status as the predictor. Legality status had no impact on the presence of psychological consequence information (OR = .737, SE = .174, p = .196) or general dosage information (OR = .786, SE = .479, p = .279), but legality did have a significant influence on the presence of gynecological consequences (OR = .499, SE = .129, p = .007), indicating that when cannabis was recreationally legal, the state was less likely to have information about gynecolo
大麻使用者越来越多地转向互联网获取有关大麻的信息，特别是药物患者，他们通常对大麻的重要方面(如疗效)知之甚少。在缺乏准确信息的情况下，滥用大麻的可能性要高得多(Kruger等人，2020)。过度使用大麻可能与辍学、难以应对焦虑和压力以及精神分裂症风险增加有关(Blavos等人，2017)。怀孕期间大麻素暴露已被证明对胎儿免疫系统有负面影响(Dong等人，2019)，与低出生体重、发育迟缓(Gusstafson & Jacobsson, 2019)和认知障碍(Grant等人，2018)有关。大麻药房的员工被发现在没有适当资格的情况下提出健康建议(Dickson 2018)，尽管缺乏支持这些说法的经验证据，但药房网站上的广告经常暗示特定医疗条件的压力(Kruger等人，2020;吕克·2020)。在这样一个快速发展的领域，那些没有资格的人越来越多地将大麻医疗化令人担忧。本研究评估了大麻药房网站上是否存在健康警语，特别是(a)是否存在关于潜在心理后果的事实或警告(例如，偏执、易患精神病)，(b)关于孕妇使用的事实或警告，以及(c)一般剂量警告。在所有拥有合法大麻的州随机选择药房。从每个州选出15个药房。如果该州的药房网站少于15个，则该州所有的药房网站都被纳入编码，总共有389个药房网站。通过leafly.com和potguides.com等非正式的大麻网站来确定药房，因为这项研究的目的是确定普通人在互联网上搜索时会找到的药房网站。之前的研究使用了国家机构名单和非正式名单(Cavazos-Rehg et al.， 2019)。三名训练有素的研究助理为每个网站编码相关信息。30%的网站编码有心理后果警示(n = 111)， 21.53%的网站编码有妇科健康警示，45.65%的网站编码有一般使用警示。以三种类型的健康警语作为二元结果变量(信息存在= 1，或不存在= 0)和合法性状态作为预测因子，进行了三次独立的逻辑回归分析。合法状态对心理后果信息(OR = .737, SE = .174, p = .196)或一般剂量信息(OR = .786, SE = .479, p = .279)的存在没有影响，但合法性确实对妇科后果的存在有显著影响(OR = .499, SE = .129, p = .007)，这表明当大麻是娱乐合法时，国家不太可能在其药房网站上提供有关妇科健康后果的信息。这令人不安，因为在娱乐性大麻合法化的州，大麻比药用大麻更容易获得，而且在怀孕期间使用大麻的后果可能很严重。
{"title":"Health warnings on cannabis dispensary websites","authors":"Gabrielle Longo, Frida de Luna, Mahnoor Ahmad","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.22","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis users are increasingly turning towards the Internet for information about cannabis, especially medicinal patients, who generally have low to moderate knowledge of important aspects of cannabis like medicinal effectiveness. Potential for misuse of cannabis is much higher when there is a lack of accurate information (Kruger et al., 2020). Overuse of cannabis can be associated with discontinued enrollment in school, trouble dealing with anxiety and stress, and an increased risk of schizotypy (Blavos et al., 2017). Cannabinoid exposure during pregnancy has been shown to have negative effects on the fetal immune system (Dong et al., 2019), is associated with low birth weight, stunted development (Gusstafson & Jacobsson, 2019), and cognitive impairment (Grant et al., 2018). Cannabis dispensary employees have been found to make health suggestions without proper qualifications (Dickson 2018), and advertising on dispensary websites often suggests strains for specific medical conditions, despite the lack of empirical evidence supporting these claims (Kruger et al., 2020; Luc 2020). This increasing medicalization of cannabis by those unqualified to do so is concerning in such a fast-growing field. The present study assesses the presence of health warnings on cannabis dispensary websites, specifically (a) the presence of facts or warnings about potential psychological consequences (e.g., paranoia, increased vulnerability to psychosis), (b) facts or warnings about use in pregnant women, and (c) general dosage warnings. Dispensaries were selected at random in all states that have legal cannabis. 15 dispensaries were selected from each state. If the state had less than 15, all dispensaries in the state were included in coding, for a total of 389 dispensary websites. Dispensaries were identified via informal cannabis websites like leafly.com and potguides.com, as the purpose of the study was to identify dispensary websites that the average person would find when searching the Internet. Previous studies have utilized state agency lists and informal lists (Cavazos-Rehg et al., 2019). Three trained research assistants coded each website for the relevant information. 30% of websites coded had psychological consequence warnings (n = 111), 21.53% had gynecological health warnings, and 45.65% had general use warnings. Three separate logistic regression analyses were performed with the three types of health warnings as the binary outcome variable (the information is either present = 1, or not present = 0) and legality status as the predictor. Legality status had no impact on the presence of psychological consequence information (OR = .737, SE = .174, p = .196) or general dosage information (OR = .786, SE = .479, p = .279), but legality did have a significant influence on the presence of gynecological consequences (OR = .499, SE = .129, p = .007), indicating that when cannabis was recreationally legal, the state was less likely to have information about gynecolo","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125094145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.25
Melissa Sotelo, Anita Cservenka
Objectives. Among cannabis users, low distress tolerance may result in greater vulnerability for hazardous cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. Although this relationship has been reported in the past, the role of primary form of cannabis used has not been examined as a moderator of this association. While marijuana flower remains the preferred form of cannabis used, there has been an increasing popularity of other forms of cannabis, including concentrates and edibles. The aim of the current study was to examine the association between distress tolerance and hazardous cannabis use, as well as to determine whether the primary form of cannabis used would have a moderating effect on this relationship. Methods. Participants completed a survey on cannabis use, including questionnaires on distress tolerance and hazardous cannabis use. 695 (67.60% male) past-month cannabis users were included in the current analyses. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess whether distress tolerance, primary form of cannabis used, and their interaction were associated with hazardous cannabis use, while controlling for covariates such as demographic variables and past 30-day alcohol and cannabis use frequency. Results. There was a significant regression equation (F(13, 681) = 33.31, p < .001, R2 = 0.39) that included a main effect for distress tolerance (b = 0.64, p < 0.001), indicating that lower tolerance for distress was significantly related to hazardous cannabis use. There was also a main effect for primary form of cannabis used, where preference for using concentrates compared to marijuana flower was associated with hazardous cannabis use (b = 1.38, p = 0.006), preference for using marijuana flower compared to edibles was associated with hazardous cannabis use (b = -4.39, p < 0.001), and preference for using concentrates compared to edibles was associated with hazardous cannabis use (b = -5.76, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the primary form of cannabis used significantly moderated the relationship between distress tolerance and hazardous cannabis use (F(2, 681) = 3.77, p = 0.024, R2 change = 0.01). Specifically, the relationship between low distress tolerance and more hazardous cannabis use was moderated by preference for marijuana flower (b = 0.64, p < 0.001) and concentrates (b = 0.69, p < 0.001), but was not moderated by preference for using edibles as the primary form of cannabis (b = 0.18, p = 0.25). Conclusions. By determining which particular cannabis users have the strongest relationship between lower tolerance for distress and hazardous cannabis use, these findings can help inform interventions geared towards aiding individuals to better tolerate stressful situations so as to minimize their hazardous cannabis use.
目标。在大麻使用者中，较低的痛苦承受能力可能导致更容易出现危险的大麻使用和大麻使用障碍。虽然过去曾报道过这种关系，但尚未对使用大麻的主要形式作为该协会的调节因素进行审查。虽然大麻花仍然是使用大麻的首选形式，但其他形式的大麻越来越受欢迎，包括浓缩物和可食用大麻。当前研究的目的是检查痛苦承受能力和危险大麻使用之间的关系，以及确定使用的主要形式的大麻是否会对这种关系产生缓和作用。方法。参与者完成了一项关于大麻使用的调查，包括关于痛苦承受能力和危险大麻使用的问卷。目前的分析包括695名(67.60%为男性)过去一个月的大麻使用者。使用多元线性回归来评估痛苦耐受性、使用大麻的主要形式及其相互作用是否与危险的大麻使用有关，同时控制人口变量和过去30天酒精和大麻使用频率等共变量。结果。存在显著回归方程(F(13, 681) = 33.31, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.39)，该回归方程包括痛苦耐受性的主效应(b = 0.64, p < 0.001)，表明痛苦耐受性较低与危险大麻使用显著相关。使用大麻的主要形式也存在主要影响，与大麻花相比，偏爱使用浓缩物与危险大麻使用有关(b = 1.38, p = 0.006)，与食用大麻相比，偏爱使用大麻花与危险大麻使用有关(b = -4.39, p < 0.001)，与食用大麻相比，偏爱使用浓缩物与危险大麻使用有关(b = -5.76, p < 0.001)。此外，大麻的主要使用形式显著调节了痛苦耐受性与危险大麻使用之间的关系(F(2,681) = 3.77, p = 0.024, R2变化= 0.01)。具体而言，对大麻花(b = 0.64, p < 0.001)和大麻浓缩物(b = 0.69, p < 0.001)的偏好调节了低痛苦耐受性和更危险大麻使用之间的关系，但对将食用大麻作为主要形式的偏好没有调节(b = 0.18, p = 0.25)。结论。通过确定哪些特定的大麻使用者在较低的痛苦耐受性和危险的大麻使用之间存在最密切的关系，这些发现可以帮助为干预措施提供信息，旨在帮助个人更好地忍受压力情况，从而最大限度地减少危险的大麻使用。
{"title":"Distress Tolerance and Hazardous Cannabis Use: Does the Form of Cannabis Matter?","authors":"Melissa Sotelo, Anita Cservenka","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.25","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Among cannabis users, low distress tolerance may result in greater vulnerability for hazardous cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. Although this relationship has been reported in the past, the role of primary form of cannabis used has not been examined as a moderator of this association. While marijuana flower remains the preferred form of cannabis used, there has been an increasing popularity of other forms of cannabis, including concentrates and edibles. The aim of the current study was to examine the association between distress tolerance and hazardous cannabis use, as well as to determine whether the primary form of cannabis used would have a moderating effect on this relationship. Methods. Participants completed a survey on cannabis use, including questionnaires on distress tolerance and hazardous cannabis use. 695 (67.60% male) past-month cannabis users were included in the current analyses. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess whether distress tolerance, primary form of cannabis used, and their interaction were associated with hazardous cannabis use, while controlling for covariates such as demographic variables and past 30-day alcohol and cannabis use frequency. Results. There was a significant regression equation (F(13, 681) = 33.31, p < .001, R2 = 0.39) that included a main effect for distress tolerance (b = 0.64, p < 0.001), indicating that lower tolerance for distress was significantly related to hazardous cannabis use. There was also a main effect for primary form of cannabis used, where preference for using concentrates compared to marijuana flower was associated with hazardous cannabis use (b = 1.38, p = 0.006), preference for using marijuana flower compared to edibles was associated with hazardous cannabis use (b = -4.39, p < 0.001), and preference for using concentrates compared to edibles was associated with hazardous cannabis use (b = -5.76, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the primary form of cannabis used significantly moderated the relationship between distress tolerance and hazardous cannabis use (F(2, 681) = 3.77, p = 0.024, R2 change = 0.01). Specifically, the relationship between low distress tolerance and more hazardous cannabis use was moderated by preference for marijuana flower (b = 0.64, p < 0.001) and concentrates (b = 0.69, p < 0.001), but was not moderated by preference for using edibles as the primary form of cannabis (b = 0.18, p = 0.25). Conclusions. By determining which particular cannabis users have the strongest relationship between lower tolerance for distress and hazardous cannabis use, these findings can help inform interventions geared towards aiding individuals to better tolerate stressful situations so as to minimize their hazardous cannabis use.","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125935874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.29
Caitlin A. Falco, A. Looby
A reliable predictor of substance use is impulsivity, a multidimensional construct in which specific facets demonstrate differential associations with aspects of substance use. Though research has delineated the association between substance use and impulsivity generally, work examining facets and their relation to cannabis use specifically is more limited. Additionally, motivational models of substance use suggest that an individual’s reasons for use are the most proximal predictors of substance use, serving as a mediating mechanism by which other variables operate to influence use and related behaviors. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying cannabis use, the current study assessed the relation between three facets of impulsivity that have demonstrated compelling associations with cannabis (i.e., positive urgency, negative urgency; and sensation seeking) and their association with frequency of cannabis use and related consequences via motives. College students (N = 652, Mage = 19.59, 72.2% female) from seven universities that reported past-month cannabis use completed an online survey assessing frequency of past-month cannabis use, number of related problems, facets of impulsivity, and cannabis use motives. A bootstrapped path analysis was conducted, in which negative urgency, positive urgency, and sensation seeking were modeled as simultaneous predictors of past-month cannabis-related problems via parallel mediators of enjoyment, coping, and social anxiety motives, and via past-month days of cannabis use. Positive and negative urgency were significant mediators in the same pathways: 1) social anxiety motives positively mediated the association between urgency and frequency of past-month cannabis use (negative urgency: β=0.37, 95% CI [0.046, 0.86]; positive urgency: β=0.87, 95% CI [0.44, 1.43]); 2) coping motives positively mediated the association between urgency and cannabis-related problems (negative urgency: β=0.47, 95% CI [0.28, 0.71]; positive urgency: β=0.31, 95% CI [0.11, 0.55]; and 3) a serial mediation effect such that urgency was positively associated with anxiety motives, which in turn were associated with higher frequency of past-month use, which was associated with greater cannabis-related problems (negative urgency: β=0.05, 95% CI [0.01, 0.12]; positive urgency: β=0.12, 95% CI [0.06, 0.21]). Further, two indirect effects were found for sensation seeking: 1) enjoyment motives positively mediated the association between sensation seeking and frequency of past-month use (β=0.23, 95% CI [0.40, 0.53]); and 2) a serial mediation effect such that sensation seeking was positively associated with enjoyment motives, which in turn were associated with higher frequency of past-month use, which in turn was associated with greater cannabis-related problems (β=0.03, 95% CI [0.005, 0.01]). Results appear to suggest that individuals high in urgency using to avoid or cope with negative affect or social anxiety an
物质使用的一个可靠的预测因子是冲动性，这是一个多维结构，其中具体方面与物质使用的各个方面表现出不同的关联。虽然研究已经大致描述了物质使用和冲动之间的联系，但研究各个方面及其与大麻使用的具体关系的工作更为有限。此外，物质使用的动机模型表明，个人的使用原因是物质使用的最接近的预测因素，是其他变量影响使用和相关行为的中介机制。为了更全面地了解大麻使用的机制，目前的研究评估了冲动性的三个方面之间的关系，这些方面已经证明与大麻有令人信服的联系(即，积极紧迫性，消极紧迫性;以及感觉寻求)以及它们与大麻使用频率的关系以及通过动机产生的相关后果。来自七所大学的大学生(N = 652, Mage = 19.59, 72.2%为女性)报告了过去一个月的大麻使用情况，完成了一项在线调查，评估了过去一个月大麻使用的频率、相关问题的数量、冲动的各个方面和大麻使用动机。进行了自引导路径分析，其中通过享受，应对和社交焦虑动机的平行中介以及过去一个月的大麻使用天数，将消极紧迫性，积极紧迫性和感觉寻求建模为过去一个月大麻相关问题的同时预测因子。1)社交焦虑动机正向介导紧迫性与过去一个月大麻使用频率之间的关系(负紧迫性:β=0.37, 95% CI [0.046, 0.86];阳性急症:β=0.87, 95% CI [0.44, 1.43]);2)应对动机正向介导紧迫性与大麻相关问题的关联(负向紧迫性:β=0.47, 95% CI [0.28, 0.71];阳性急症:β=0.31, 95% CI [0.11, 0.55];3)一个系列中介效应，即紧迫性与焦虑动机正相关，焦虑动机反过来又与过去一个月使用大麻的频率较高相关，后者与更大的大麻相关问题相关(负紧迫性:β=0.05, 95% CI [0.01, 0.12];阳性急症:β=0.12, 95% CI[0.06, 0.21])。此外，还发现了两种间接影响:1)享受动机正介导感觉寻求与过去一个月使用频率之间的关联(β=0.23, 95% CI [0.40, 0.53]);2)一系列中介效应，即感觉寻求与享受动机呈正相关，而享受动机又与过去一个月使用大麻的频率较高相关，而后者又与更大的大麻相关问题相关(β=0.03, 95% CI[0.005, 0.01])。结果似乎表明，使用避免或应对负面影响或社交焦虑的紧迫感高的个体，以及寻求感觉良好或改善情绪的感觉高的个体，可能面临更大的大麻相关问题风险，这提供了证据，证明大麻使用一种改善情绪体验的手段可能不是一种适当的情绪调节策略。
{"title":"Differential effects of urgency and sensation seeking on cannabis use and related problems via motives","authors":"Caitlin A. Falco, A. Looby","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.29","url":null,"abstract":"A reliable predictor of substance use is impulsivity, a multidimensional construct in which specific facets demonstrate differential associations with aspects of substance use. Though research has delineated the association between substance use and impulsivity generally, work examining facets and their relation to cannabis use specifically is more limited. Additionally, motivational models of substance use suggest that an individual’s reasons for use are the most proximal predictors of substance use, serving as a mediating mechanism by which other variables operate to influence use and related behaviors. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying cannabis use, the current study assessed the relation between three facets of impulsivity that have demonstrated compelling associations with cannabis (i.e., positive urgency, negative urgency; and sensation seeking) and their association with frequency of cannabis use and related consequences via motives. College students (N = 652, Mage = 19.59, 72.2% female) from seven universities that reported past-month cannabis use completed an online survey assessing frequency of past-month cannabis use, number of related problems, facets of impulsivity, and cannabis use motives. A bootstrapped path analysis was conducted, in which negative urgency, positive urgency, and sensation seeking were modeled as simultaneous predictors of past-month cannabis-related problems via parallel mediators of enjoyment, coping, and social anxiety motives, and via past-month days of cannabis use. Positive and negative urgency were significant mediators in the same pathways: 1) social anxiety motives positively mediated the association between urgency and frequency of past-month cannabis use (negative urgency: β=0.37, 95% CI [0.046, 0.86]; positive urgency: β=0.87, 95% CI [0.44, 1.43]); 2) coping motives positively mediated the association between urgency and cannabis-related problems (negative urgency: β=0.47, 95% CI [0.28, 0.71]; positive urgency: β=0.31, 95% CI [0.11, 0.55]; and 3) a serial mediation effect such that urgency was positively associated with anxiety motives, which in turn were associated with higher frequency of past-month use, which was associated with greater cannabis-related problems (negative urgency: β=0.05, 95% CI [0.01, 0.12]; positive urgency: β=0.12, 95% CI [0.06, 0.21]). Further, two indirect effects were found for sensation seeking: 1) enjoyment motives positively mediated the association between sensation seeking and frequency of past-month use (β=0.23, 95% CI [0.40, 0.53]); and 2) a serial mediation effect such that sensation seeking was positively associated with enjoyment motives, which in turn were associated with higher frequency of past-month use, which in turn was associated with greater cannabis-related problems (β=0.03, 95% CI [0.005, 0.01]). Results appear to suggest that individuals high in urgency using to avoid or cope with negative affect or social anxiety an","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122398947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.33
Bethany R. Shorey-Fennell, Renee E. Magnan, Benjamin O Ladd, J. Fales
Many young adults experience chronic pain and may be more likely to self-medicate with cannabis. The present study examined perceptions of personal risks and benefits of cannabis use among young adult users, assessed if these perceptions varied by chronic pain status, and identified relationships among perceived risks and benefits, health-related quality of life, and cannabis-related problems. Young adult regular cannabis users (n=176), half of whom met criteria for chronic pain, reported their perceptions of lifetime risks and benefits associated with cannabis use, as well as their physical and mental health-related quality of life and cannabis-related problems. Overall, participants perceived low risk associated with their cannabis use and moderate benefits. Perceived risks and benefits of cannabis use were associated with mental, but not physical health-related quality of life. Only perceived risk was associated with cannabis-related problems. Cannabis use, problems, risks, and benefits did not differ by chronic pain status. As expected, young adults without chronic pain reported better physical and mental health-related quality of life than those with chronic pain. Finally, chronic pain status moderated the relationships between perceived benefits and physical health-related quality of life and cannabis problems. The current study offers insight into the role of perceived risks and benefits in young adults’ cannabis use and associations with physical and mental health outcomes. The effects of perceived benefits on physical health-related quality of life and cannabis-related problems may be conditional based on chronic pain status. Future research should further explore the relationship of perceived benefits of cannabis use on health outcomes and cannabis-related problems.
{"title":"Young adults’ perceptions of cannabis risks, benefits, and quality of life by chronic pain status","authors":"Bethany R. Shorey-Fennell, Renee E. Magnan, Benjamin O Ladd, J. Fales","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.33","url":null,"abstract":"Many young adults experience chronic pain and may be more likely to self-medicate with cannabis. The present study examined perceptions of personal risks and benefits of cannabis use among young adult users, assessed if these perceptions varied by chronic pain status, and identified relationships among perceived risks and benefits, health-related quality of life, and cannabis-related problems. Young adult regular cannabis users (n=176), half of whom met criteria for chronic pain, reported their perceptions of lifetime risks and benefits associated with cannabis use, as well as their physical and mental health-related quality of life and cannabis-related problems. Overall, participants perceived low risk associated with their cannabis use and moderate benefits. Perceived risks and benefits of cannabis use were associated with mental, but not physical health-related quality of life. Only perceived risk was associated with cannabis-related problems. Cannabis use, problems, risks, and benefits did not differ by chronic pain status. As expected, young adults without chronic pain reported better physical and mental health-related quality of life than those with chronic pain. Finally, chronic pain status moderated the relationships between perceived benefits and physical health-related quality of life and cannabis problems. The current study offers insight into the role of perceived risks and benefits in young adults’ cannabis use and associations with physical and mental health outcomes. The effects of perceived benefits on physical health-related quality of life and cannabis-related problems may be conditional based on chronic pain status. Future research should further explore the relationship of perceived benefits of cannabis use on health outcomes and cannabis-related problems.","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114724566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.53
T. Chung, M. Steinberg, M. Bridgeman, Yingying Chen
Background: Driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) almost doubles car crash risk (odds ratios range: 1.28-2.49). Known DUIC correlates include male gender, low perceived danger of DUIC, and greater frequency of cannabis and other drug use. Less is known about the role of executive cognitive functioning (e.g., skills in planning, organization) as a correlate of DUIC. Deficits in executive cognitive functioning could precede, and be exacerbated by heavy cannabis use, potentially contributing to DUIC risk. Objectives: This cross-sectional survey study used a person-centered analysis (latent profile analysis) to (1) identify prototypical profiles representing aspects of executive functioning and substance use in young adults, and (2) determine which profiles were associated with self-report of DUIC. We hypothesized that at least two profiles would be identified: mainly or only cannabis use vs polysubstance use. We also predicted that the polysubstance use profile would be associated with worse executive functioning and self-report of DUIC. Method: Young adults (N=69; ages 18-25; mean age=20.0 [SD=1.9]; 62.3% female; 75.4% White, 13.0% Black, 11.6% Other race/ethnicity) who reported weekly cannabis use were recruited from the community in Pittsburgh, PA to participate in a study of cannabis effects on cognition. Baseline collected demographics, self-reported age of cannabis use onset (age <16 vs age >16), NIDA modified ASSIST, Marijuana Withdrawal Checklist, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) (working memory, organization/planning scales), and Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire (item on “driven a car when high” in past 6 months). Latent profile analysis (LatentGold 5.1) was used to identify distinct classes, testing the fit of 1-5 classes. Each model included 10 indicators: age of cannabis use onset, frequency of cannabis and tobacco use, cannabis withdrawal severity, ASSIST scores for cannabis, cocaine and hallucinogens (the substances most often reported), AUDIT score, and BRIEF working memory, and organization/planning scores. For the best fitting model, covariates (i.e., self-report of DUIC, age, gender) were examined as profile correlates in a separate, final step. Results: A model with 3 latent profiles was selected (see Figure). The profiles represented “Polysubstance Use” (40.8%), “Primary Cannabis” (22.3%), and “Later Onset Cannabis” (36.9%). Polysubstance use profile reported more cannabis-related problems and other drug use, and more problems with executive functioning than the other profiles (p<.05). Later Onset (vs Polysubstance Use) profile had older onset age (p<.05), and had the lowest level of cannabis involvement. Primary Cannabis and Later Onset profiles did not differ in report of problems with executive functioning. DUIC in the past 6 months (reported by 50.7% of the total sample) was more likely to be reported by Polysubstance use than Later Onse
{"title":"Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis: Associations with Latent Profiles of Substance Use and Executive Cognitive Functioning","authors":"T. Chung, M. Steinberg, M. Bridgeman, Yingying Chen","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.53","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) almost doubles car crash risk (odds ratios range: 1.28-2.49). Known DUIC correlates include male gender, low perceived danger of DUIC, and greater frequency of cannabis and other drug use. Less is known about the role of executive cognitive functioning (e.g., skills in planning, organization) as a correlate of DUIC. Deficits in executive cognitive functioning could precede, and be exacerbated by heavy cannabis use, potentially contributing to DUIC risk. Objectives: This cross-sectional survey study used a person-centered analysis (latent profile analysis) to (1) identify prototypical profiles representing aspects of executive functioning and substance use in young adults, and (2) determine which profiles were associated with self-report of DUIC. We hypothesized that at least two profiles would be identified: mainly or only cannabis use vs polysubstance use. We also predicted that the polysubstance use profile would be associated with worse executive functioning and self-report of DUIC. Method: Young adults (N=69; ages 18-25; mean age=20.0 [SD=1.9]; 62.3% female; 75.4% White, 13.0% Black, 11.6% Other race/ethnicity) who reported weekly cannabis use were recruited from the community in Pittsburgh, PA to participate in a study of cannabis effects on cognition. Baseline collected demographics, self-reported age of cannabis use onset (age <16 vs age >16), NIDA modified ASSIST, Marijuana Withdrawal Checklist, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) (working memory, organization/planning scales), and Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire (item on “driven a car when high” in past 6 months). Latent profile analysis (LatentGold 5.1) was used to identify distinct classes, testing the fit of 1-5 classes. Each model included 10 indicators: age of cannabis use onset, frequency of cannabis and tobacco use, cannabis withdrawal severity, ASSIST scores for cannabis, cocaine and hallucinogens (the substances most often reported), AUDIT score, and BRIEF working memory, and organization/planning scores. For the best fitting model, covariates (i.e., self-report of DUIC, age, gender) were examined as profile correlates in a separate, final step. Results: A model with 3 latent profiles was selected (see Figure). The profiles represented “Polysubstance Use” (40.8%), “Primary Cannabis” (22.3%), and “Later Onset Cannabis” (36.9%). Polysubstance use profile reported more cannabis-related problems and other drug use, and more problems with executive functioning than the other profiles (p<.05). Later Onset (vs Polysubstance Use) profile had older onset age (p<.05), and had the lowest level of cannabis involvement. Primary Cannabis and Later Onset profiles did not differ in report of problems with executive functioning. DUIC in the past 6 months (reported by 50.7% of the total sample) was more likely to be reported by Polysubstance use than Later Onse","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"02 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130437567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.39
Lauren Micalizzi, R. Gunn
Concern for adverse effects of prenatal cannabis use (PCU) is warranted. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends refraining from PCU, because Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) crosses the placenta at approximately 10% of maternal levels, which can result in adverse offspring outcomes. Little is known about patterns and contexts of PCU; to advance this effort, 64 pregnant women who use cannabis were recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk for a study of PCU thoughts and behaviors. Women were, on average, 22 years of age (range 22-49); mean income was ~$44,000 (range $0-$150,000). 53.3% of respondents were in the first trimester, 43.3% were in the second and 3.4% were in the third. Polysubstance use was common; 25% reported prenatal alcohol use and 64% reported prenatal tobacco use. Approximately 40% reported using about the same amount of cannabis as before pregnancy. Regarding availability and patterns, approximately 44% indicated that cannabis was “somewhat” or “very” easy to get. Women in the third trimester reported the most frequent PCU. Across all trimesters, the majority of women reported using cannabis with roughly equal parts THC and cannabidiol and PCU primarily consisted of consumption of leaf and concentrates. The most common modes of administration were joints in the first trimester and hand pipes in the second and third trimesters. On a typical PCU day, approximately 70% of participants reported consuming ¼ gram of flower or less, 73% reported taking 5 or fewer hits of concentrates, and 85% reported ingesting 10 milligrams of THC or less in edibles. PCU among social networks was prevalent; over 50% reported that their spouse/partner used cannabis during their pregnancy and approximately 80% reported that a few, several, or most of their family and friends use cannabis. Regarding contexts, during a typical week, women reported PCU in their homes (alone [30%], with others [54.7%]), at friends’ or family members’ homes (alone [28%], with others [39%]), in bars/nightclubs/restaurants/breweries (alone [30%], with others [34%]), as well as outdoors (alone [34%], with others [33%]), at work (alone [34%], with others [36%]), at school (alone [23%], with others [36%]), in the car (alone [31%], with others [36%]) or elsewhere (alone [23%], with others [39%]). PCU was perceived as ‘highly effective’ (as reported by 75-95%) at managing nausea, distress (anxiety, depression), and physical discomfort (e.g., backaches). Perceived harm of PCU was low, more than half of participants believed PCU would harm the fetus (~60%) or herself (~64%) “not at all” or “a little.” In conclusion, polysubstance use, particularly tobacco use, is common among women who use cannabis during pregnancy. Although quantity of PCU consumption was relatively low in our sample, any amount is concerning and may have negative impact on the developing fetus. The majority of women’s social networks used cannabis and, in all contexts (with the exception of outdoor use), PCU was
{"title":"Cannabis Use in Pregnancy","authors":"Lauren Micalizzi, R. Gunn","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.39","url":null,"abstract":"Concern for adverse effects of prenatal cannabis use (PCU) is warranted. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends refraining from PCU, because Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) crosses the placenta at approximately 10% of maternal levels, which can result in adverse offspring outcomes. Little is known about patterns and contexts of PCU; to advance this effort, 64 pregnant women who use cannabis were recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk for a study of PCU thoughts and behaviors. Women were, on average, 22 years of age (range 22-49); mean income was ~$44,000 (range $0-$150,000). 53.3% of respondents were in the first trimester, 43.3% were in the second and 3.4% were in the third. Polysubstance use was common; 25% reported prenatal alcohol use and 64% reported prenatal tobacco use. Approximately 40% reported using about the same amount of cannabis as before pregnancy. Regarding availability and patterns, approximately 44% indicated that cannabis was “somewhat” or “very” easy to get. Women in the third trimester reported the most frequent PCU. Across all trimesters, the majority of women reported using cannabis with roughly equal parts THC and cannabidiol and PCU primarily consisted of consumption of leaf and concentrates. The most common modes of administration were joints in the first trimester and hand pipes in the second and third trimesters. On a typical PCU day, approximately 70% of participants reported consuming ¼ gram of flower or less, 73% reported taking 5 or fewer hits of concentrates, and 85% reported ingesting 10 milligrams of THC or less in edibles. PCU among social networks was prevalent; over 50% reported that their spouse/partner used cannabis during their pregnancy and approximately 80% reported that a few, several, or most of their family and friends use cannabis. Regarding contexts, during a typical week, women reported PCU in their homes (alone [30%], with others [54.7%]), at friends’ or family members’ homes (alone [28%], with others [39%]), in bars/nightclubs/restaurants/breweries (alone [30%], with others [34%]), as well as outdoors (alone [34%], with others [33%]), at work (alone [34%], with others [36%]), at school (alone [23%], with others [36%]), in the car (alone [31%], with others [36%]) or elsewhere (alone [23%], with others [39%]). PCU was perceived as ‘highly effective’ (as reported by 75-95%) at managing nausea, distress (anxiety, depression), and physical discomfort (e.g., backaches). Perceived harm of PCU was low, more than half of participants believed PCU would harm the fetus (~60%) or herself (~64%) “not at all” or “a little.” In conclusion, polysubstance use, particularly tobacco use, is common among women who use cannabis during pregnancy. Although quantity of PCU consumption was relatively low in our sample, any amount is concerning and may have negative impact on the developing fetus. The majority of women’s social networks used cannabis and, in all contexts (with the exception of outdoor use), PCU was ","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128890463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.47
Reagan E. Fitzke, Daniel S. Lee, Denise D. Tran, Jordan P. Davis, E. Pedersen
Sexual violence experienced during military service can have lasting negative psychosocial effects on veterans long after service ends. Current research reports veterans who have experienced military sexual violence are more likely to develop mental health and substance use disorders. Little is known, though, about the relationship between military sexual violence and subsequent cannabis use disorder (CUD). The current study investigated prevalence of military sexual violence among a large sample of OEF/OIF veterans (N = 1,005), its effect on later CUD, and the potential moderating role of resilience. First, t-tests examined differences in experience of military sexual violence between LGBQ vs. heterosexual and female vs. male veterans. Then, using logistic regressions controlling for sex, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity, we assessed the effects of sexual violence on CUD (Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test score of 12 or higher), followed by adding resilience into the model to examine independent and moderation effects. T-test results indicated that female (t(99) = -7.46, p < 0.001) and LGBQ veterans (t(38) = -3.85, p < 0.001) were significantly more likely to experience military sexual violence. Veterans who experienced military sexual violence had higher odds of screening for CUD (OR = 3.37; 95% CI = [1.76, 6.45]). Greater resilience was associated with lower odds of CUD (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = [0.23, 0.70]), but it did not moderate the relationship between sexual violence and CUD. Our findings are in line with prior work that female and LGBQ veterans may experience sexual violence during military service at higher rates. We also showed that veterans who experience military sexual violence are at increased risk for subsequent CUD. This suggests the importance of screening for military sexual violence among veterans, including among those seeking care for CUD, as well as screening for CUD symptoms among those who have experienced military sexual violence. Since we found that greater levels of resilience were associated with lower odds of CUD, programs and treatments aimed at building resilience to adverse events may have independent protective effects on CUD.
服役期间经历的性暴力会在退伍军人退役后很长一段时间内对其产生持续的负面心理社会影响。目前的研究报告称，经历过军队性暴力的退伍军人更有可能患上精神健康和药物使用障碍。然而，关于军中性暴力与随后的大麻使用障碍(CUD)之间的关系，我们知之甚少。本研究调查了大样本OEF/OIF退伍军人(N = 1005)的军事性暴力发生率，其对后来的CUD的影响，以及心理弹性的潜在调节作用。首先，t检验检验了LGBQ与异性恋者、女性与男性退伍军人在军队性暴力经历方面的差异。然后，使用控制性别、性取向和种族/民族的逻辑回归，我们评估了性暴力对CUD(大麻使用障碍识别测试得分为12或更高)的影响，随后在模型中加入弹性来检验独立和适度的影响。t检验结果显示，女性(t(99) = -7.46, p < 0.001)和LGBQ退伍军人(t(38) = -3.85, p < 0.001)更容易遭受军队性暴力。经历过军队性暴力的退伍军人筛查CUD的几率更高(OR = 3.37;95% ci =[1.76, 6.45])。更强的恢复力与较低的CUD几率相关(OR = 0.40;95% CI =[0.23, 0.70])，但并未缓和性暴力与CUD之间的关系。我们的发现与之前的研究一致，即女性和LGBQ退伍军人在服役期间遭受性暴力的比例更高。我们还发现，经历过军中性暴力的退伍军人患CUD的风险更高。这表明在退伍军人中筛查军事性暴力的重要性，包括在寻求CUD治疗的退伍军人中筛查CUD症状，以及在经历过军事性暴力的退伍军人中筛查CUD症状。由于我们发现较高水平的恢复力与较低的CUD几率相关，旨在建立对不良事件的恢复力的计划和治疗可能对CUD具有独立的保护作用。
{"title":"Military sexual violence and cannabis use disorder among OEF/OIF veterans","authors":"Reagan E. Fitzke, Daniel S. Lee, Denise D. Tran, Jordan P. Davis, E. Pedersen","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.47","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual violence experienced during military service can have lasting negative psychosocial effects on veterans long after service ends. Current research reports veterans who have experienced military sexual violence are more likely to develop mental health and substance use disorders. Little is known, though, about the relationship between military sexual violence and subsequent cannabis use disorder (CUD). The current study investigated prevalence of military sexual violence among a large sample of OEF/OIF veterans (N = 1,005), its effect on later CUD, and the potential moderating role of resilience. First, t-tests examined differences in experience of military sexual violence between LGBQ vs. heterosexual and female vs. male veterans. Then, using logistic regressions controlling for sex, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity, we assessed the effects of sexual violence on CUD (Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test score of 12 or higher), followed by adding resilience into the model to examine independent and moderation effects. T-test results indicated that female (t(99) = -7.46, p < 0.001) and LGBQ veterans (t(38) = -3.85, p < 0.001) were significantly more likely to experience military sexual violence. Veterans who experienced military sexual violence had higher odds of screening for CUD (OR = 3.37; 95% CI = [1.76, 6.45]). Greater resilience was associated with lower odds of CUD (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = [0.23, 0.70]), but it did not moderate the relationship between sexual violence and CUD. Our findings are in line with prior work that female and LGBQ veterans may experience sexual violence during military service at higher rates. We also showed that veterans who experience military sexual violence are at increased risk for subsequent CUD. This suggests the importance of screening for military sexual violence among veterans, including among those seeking care for CUD, as well as screening for CUD symptoms among those who have experienced military sexual violence. Since we found that greater levels of resilience were associated with lower odds of CUD, programs and treatments aimed at building resilience to adverse events may have independent protective effects on CUD.","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128218337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.08
Angela K. Stevens, R. Gunn, Holly K. Boyle, H. White, K. Jackson
Alcohol and cannabis are commonly used by U.S. college students and often used simultaneously (simultaneous alcohol and marijuana [SAM] use). Better understanding situations in which SAM use is planned or unplanned and related consequences of these distinct SAM use events will inform prevention and intervention efforts. We extended previous daily-level research by examining motives and contexts (social, physical) as indicators of unplanned vs. planned SAM use occasions, as well as by parsing specific plans for alcohol use and for cannabis use on SAM use occasions. Specifically, we examined: unplanned alcohol and marijuana (UAM) use, planned mono-substance (either alcohol or cannabis but not both) use (MSU), and planned SAM use. College student SAM users (N=341; 53% women) were recruited from three U.S. universities and completed 56 days of data collection with five repeated surveys each day. Most SAM use occasions were planned (73% of occasions), followed by planned MSU (18%), and by UAM use (10%). Two-level generalized linear mixed-effects models were conducted to account for nesting of occasions within persons and the three-category nominal outcome. All models included age, sex, recruitment site (school), weekend, and other drug use as covariates. At the within-person level, using for social or enhancement reasons was related to higher odds of planned SAM use (vs. UAM use). These reasons for use were also related to planned SAM use when compared to planned MSU, whereas using because it was offered or to cope was related to lower odds of planned SAM use (vs. planned MSU). Using at home or alone was linked to lower odds of planned SAM use (vs. UAM use), and using at a party, friend’s place, with friends, with more intoxicated people, and with more people using cannabis was associated with higher odds of planned SAM use. An identical pattern was found when comparing planned SAM use to planned MSU. When disaggregating “planned MSU” into planned alcohol use-unplanned cannabis use vs. planned cannabis use-unplanned alcohol use, using for social or enhancement reasons was related to higher odds of planned alcohol-only use. Likewise, using at a party, with friends, with strangers/acquaintances, with more intoxicated people, and with more people using cannabis were related to higher odds of planned alcohol-only use. Using at home or alone was linked to lower odds of planned alcohol-only use. Findings suggest that interventions should target days when college students are planning for SAM use. Mobile health interventions could also focus on higher risk motives (e.g., social) and contexts (e.g., party) that were indicators of planned SAM use, as well as target individuals who endorse using substances to cope or because substances were offered, with these latter individuals being at risk for unplanned SAM use when only MSU was originally planned. Specifically, ecological momentary interventions and just-in-time adaptive interventions could send protective
{"title":"Unplanned vs. planned simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use in daily life: What are the motives, contexts, and outcomes?","authors":"Angela K. Stevens, R. Gunn, Holly K. Boyle, H. White, K. Jackson","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.08","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol and cannabis are commonly used by U.S. college students and often used simultaneously (simultaneous alcohol and marijuana [SAM] use). Better understanding situations in which SAM use is planned or unplanned and related consequences of these distinct SAM use events will inform prevention and intervention efforts. We extended previous daily-level research by examining motives and contexts (social, physical) as indicators of unplanned vs. planned SAM use occasions, as well as by parsing specific plans for alcohol use and for cannabis use on SAM use occasions. Specifically, we examined: unplanned alcohol and marijuana (UAM) use, planned mono-substance (either alcohol or cannabis but not both) use (MSU), and planned SAM use. College student SAM users (N=341; 53% women) were recruited from three U.S. universities and completed 56 days of data collection with five repeated surveys each day. Most SAM use occasions were planned (73% of occasions), followed by planned MSU (18%), and by UAM use (10%). Two-level generalized linear mixed-effects models were conducted to account for nesting of occasions within persons and the three-category nominal outcome. All models included age, sex, recruitment site (school), weekend, and other drug use as covariates. At the within-person level, using for social or enhancement reasons was related to higher odds of planned SAM use (vs. UAM use). These reasons for use were also related to planned SAM use when compared to planned MSU, whereas using because it was offered or to cope was related to lower odds of planned SAM use (vs. planned MSU). Using at home or alone was linked to lower odds of planned SAM use (vs. UAM use), and using at a party, friend’s place, with friends, with more intoxicated people, and with more people using cannabis was associated with higher odds of planned SAM use. An identical pattern was found when comparing planned SAM use to planned MSU. When disaggregating “planned MSU” into planned alcohol use-unplanned cannabis use vs. planned cannabis use-unplanned alcohol use, using for social or enhancement reasons was related to higher odds of planned alcohol-only use. Likewise, using at a party, with friends, with strangers/acquaintances, with more intoxicated people, and with more people using cannabis were related to higher odds of planned alcohol-only use. Using at home or alone was linked to lower odds of planned alcohol-only use. Findings suggest that interventions should target days when college students are planning for SAM use. Mobile health interventions could also focus on higher risk motives (e.g., social) and contexts (e.g., party) that were indicators of planned SAM use, as well as target individuals who endorse using substances to cope or because substances were offered, with these latter individuals being at risk for unplanned SAM use when only MSU was originally planned. Specifically, ecological momentary interventions and just-in-time adaptive interventions could send protective ","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133092391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.42
C. Sharp, Lani Blanchard, J. Barnett, Michael M Phillips
Cannabis is commonly used by young adults (18-25), and these transitional years can be crucial as they tend to have the highest rates (5%; 1.8 million in the U.S.) of Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD; SAMHSA, 2016). Current survey data suggest 25% of university students use cannabis monthly or greater and 6% daily (Schulenberg et al., 2019) and even higher (38-39%) in states with legal recreational cannabis use (Pearson et al., 2017). Burgeoning research has shown that chronic, heavy cannabis use is associated with a host of negative consequences, including symptoms/diagnosis of CUD, as well as anxiety, depression, and psychosis, among other health issues (Arseneault et al., 2002; Buckner et al., 2010; Degenhardt et al., 2003; Midanik, Tam, & Weisner, 2007; Simons et al., 2010; Solowij & Pesa, 2010). With the number of young adults diagnosed with CUD, there is a growing need for intervention strategies. However, rates of individuals seeking formal treatment for cannabis use has been low (Prince et al., 2020). With widespread access, it has become easier to employ mobile technology for health interventions (Kumar et al., 2013). The overall objective of this systematic review was to explore the utilization of different mHealth interventions for cannabis users to investigate different types and ways these interventions are implemented, targeted outcomes, along with the types of studies being conducted (e.g., RCT, feasibility, interviews, usability, etc.). Methods: A search of PsycInfo and PubMed was conducted for relevant articles with the following search terms: mHealth app/web-based intervention/internet-based intervention/telehealth/JITAI/EMI/Ecological Momentary Intervention/Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention/in the moment/Mobile Intervention/Smartphone Intervention/Wearable Devices AND Cannabis/Marijuana Peer-reviewed original research in English was targeted, which focused on mHealth interventions for adults (over 18 years of age) targeting cannabis use and needed both a mobile intervention and provided data on at least one outcome (e.g., reduced craving or cannabis use) or feasibility of intervention. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods were all included. Results: The total number of records identified that fit the criteria based on a review of titles and abstracts were 33 (9 from PsycInfo and 24 from PubMed). After duplicates were removed, 27 were screened and 9 records were excluded for failure to meet search criteria after full review of the articles. The remaining records (n=18) were assessed for eligibility and data were extracted. Based on preliminary findings, the majority have been feasibility and usability studies (83%). Roughly half were conducted in the U.S., with the rest in European countries, and one in Singapore. The timeframe for using the mobile intervention ranged from 1-hour (for usability studies) to 8 months in duration. The types of mobile interventions have varied from text messaging, using a smartphone app, to direc
大麻通常由年轻人(18-25岁)使用，这些过渡年份可能至关重要，因为他们的使用率往往最高(5%;大麻使用障碍(CUD;SAMHSA, 2016)。目前的调查数据显示，25%的大学生每月或更多地使用大麻，6%的大学生每天使用大麻(Schulenberg等人，2019)，在合法使用休闲大麻的州甚至更高(38-39%)(Pearson等人，2017)。迅速发展的研究表明，长期大量使用大麻与许多负面后果有关，其中包括CUD的症状/诊断，以及焦虑、抑郁和精神病等健康问题(Arseneault等人，2002年;Buckner et al.， 2010;Degenhardt et al.， 2003;米达尼克，谭，和威斯纳，2007;Simons et al.， 2010;Solowij & Pesa, 2010)。随着越来越多的年轻人被诊断为CUD，对干预策略的需求越来越大。然而，寻求大麻使用正式治疗的个人比例一直很低(Prince等人，2020年)。随着移动技术的广泛使用，采用移动技术进行卫生干预变得更加容易(Kumar等人，2013年)。本次系统审查的总体目标是探讨大麻使用者使用不同移动健康干预措施的情况，以调查实施这些干预措施的不同类型和方式、目标结果以及正在进行的研究类型(例如，随机对照试验、可行性、访谈、可用性等)。方法:检索PsycInfo和PubMed的相关文章，检索词如下:移动健康应用程序/基于网络的干预/基于互联网的干预/远程医疗/JITAI/EMI/生态瞬时干预/即时适应性干预/即时干预/移动干预/智能手机干预/可穿戴设备和大麻/大麻针对的是针对大麻使用的成年人(18岁以上)的移动健康干预，需要移动干预并提供至少一个结果的数据(例如，减少对大麻的渴望或使用)或干预的可行性。包括定性、定量和混合方法。结果:根据标题和摘要的审查，确定符合标准的记录总数为33条(9条来自PsycInfo, 24条来自PubMed)。在删除重复文献后，筛选了27篇文献，在对文献进行全面审查后，因不符合检索标准而排除了9篇文献。对剩余记录(n=18)进行合格性评估并提取数据。根据初步调查结果，大多数是可行性和可用性研究(83%)。大约一半在美国进行，其余在欧洲国家进行，还有一个在新加坡进行。使用移动干预的时间范围从1小时(可用性研究)到8个月不等。移动干预的类型多种多样，从使用智能手机应用程序发送短信到引导个人访问网站。大约50%是单独的移动医疗干预，而另一半是面对面的咨询会议。这些干预措施中的大多数都有针对参与者的个性化干预策略。
{"title":"Leveraging Mobile Technology: A systematic review of mHealth interventions with Cannabis Users","authors":"C. Sharp, Lani Blanchard, J. Barnett, Michael M Phillips","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.42","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis is commonly used by young adults (18-25), and these transitional years can be crucial as they tend to have the highest rates (5%; 1.8 million in the U.S.) of Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD; SAMHSA, 2016). Current survey data suggest 25% of university students use cannabis monthly or greater and 6% daily (Schulenberg et al., 2019) and even higher (38-39%) in states with legal recreational cannabis use (Pearson et al., 2017). Burgeoning research has shown that chronic, heavy cannabis use is associated with a host of negative consequences, including symptoms/diagnosis of CUD, as well as anxiety, depression, and psychosis, among other health issues (Arseneault et al., 2002; Buckner et al., 2010; Degenhardt et al., 2003; Midanik, Tam, & Weisner, 2007; Simons et al., 2010; Solowij & Pesa, 2010). With the number of young adults diagnosed with CUD, there is a growing need for intervention strategies. However, rates of individuals seeking formal treatment for cannabis use has been low (Prince et al., 2020). With widespread access, it has become easier to employ mobile technology for health interventions (Kumar et al., 2013). The overall objective of this systematic review was to explore the utilization of different mHealth interventions for cannabis users to investigate different types and ways these interventions are implemented, targeted outcomes, along with the types of studies being conducted (e.g., RCT, feasibility, interviews, usability, etc.). Methods: A search of PsycInfo and PubMed was conducted for relevant articles with the following search terms: mHealth app/web-based intervention/internet-based intervention/telehealth/JITAI/EMI/Ecological Momentary Intervention/Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention/in the moment/Mobile Intervention/Smartphone Intervention/Wearable Devices AND Cannabis/Marijuana Peer-reviewed original research in English was targeted, which focused on mHealth interventions for adults (over 18 years of age) targeting cannabis use and needed both a mobile intervention and provided data on at least one outcome (e.g., reduced craving or cannabis use) or feasibility of intervention. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods were all included. Results: The total number of records identified that fit the criteria based on a review of titles and abstracts were 33 (9 from PsycInfo and 24 from PubMed). After duplicates were removed, 27 were screened and 9 records were excluded for failure to meet search criteria after full review of the articles. The remaining records (n=18) were assessed for eligibility and data were extracted. Based on preliminary findings, the majority have been feasibility and usability studies (83%). Roughly half were conducted in the U.S., with the rest in European countries, and one in Singapore. The timeframe for using the mobile intervention ranged from 1-hour (for usability studies) to 8 months in duration. The types of mobile interventions have varied from text messaging, using a smartphone app, to direc","PeriodicalId":405010,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 23rd, 2021","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125153938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：