Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781780645254.0105
S. Allan, B. Shi, S. Adkins
Abstract This chapter deals with various human and animal health impacts of pathenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus). Diseases caused by the weed include dermatitis, rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. The detrimental health effects of parthenium weed are attributed to the sesquiterpene lactones and in particular parthenin in the plant which are toxic to farm animals and responsible for allergic diseases in humans. As parthenium weed continues to spread through Africa and Asia, information needs to be collected from those countries which have recently been invaded and those that are proximal to infestations. The collection of data and the monitoring of parthenium invasion may ultimately be used to manage both the spread and impact of the weed.
{"title":"Impact of parthenium weed on human and animal health.","authors":"S. Allan, B. Shi, S. Adkins","doi":"10.1079/9781780645254.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780645254.0105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter deals with various human and animal health impacts of pathenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus). Diseases caused by the weed include dermatitis, rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. The detrimental health effects of parthenium weed are attributed to the sesquiterpene lactones and in particular parthenin in the plant which are toxic to farm animals and responsible for allergic diseases in humans. As parthenium weed continues to spread through Africa and Asia, information needs to be collected from those countries which have recently been invaded and those that are proximal to infestations. The collection of data and the monitoring of parthenium invasion may ultimately be used to manage both the spread and impact of the weed.","PeriodicalId":405552,"journal":{"name":"Parthenium weed: biology, ecology and management","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116282129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781780645254.0131
K. Dhileepan, R. Mcfadyen, L. Strathie, Naeem Khan Naeem Khan
Abstract Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) is susceptible to herbivory, but there are no herbivores or pathogens in the introduced ranges that are known to exert any critical impact on parthenium weed. Classical biological control, using host-specific (highly selective) natural enemies introduced from the native range of the plant, to cause vegetative or reproductive suppression, is the most cost-effective, long-term management option for parthenium weed. This chapter focuses on biological control of parthenium weed. It covers key biological control agents available for the management of the weed, which are mainly based on Australian initiatives. This chapter also encompasses introduction history and status of parthenium weed biological control agents in other parts of the world, for example Eastern and South Africa, South Asia and the Pacific Islands. For effective management of parthenium weed, integrating various biological control options that include classical biological control, mycoherbicides and suppressive plants with management tools such as chemical, physical, grazing management and cultural management is desirable.
{"title":"Biological control.","authors":"K. Dhileepan, R. Mcfadyen, L. Strathie, Naeem Khan Naeem Khan","doi":"10.1079/9781780645254.0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780645254.0131","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) is susceptible to herbivory, but there are no herbivores or pathogens in the introduced ranges that are known to exert any critical impact on parthenium weed. Classical biological control, using host-specific (highly selective) natural enemies introduced from the native range of the plant, to cause vegetative or reproductive suppression, is the most cost-effective, long-term management option for parthenium weed. This chapter focuses on biological control of parthenium weed. It covers key biological control agents available for the management of the weed, which are mainly based on Australian initiatives. This chapter also encompasses introduction history and status of parthenium weed biological control agents in other parts of the world, for example Eastern and South Africa, South Asia and the Pacific Islands. For effective management of parthenium weed, integrating various biological control options that include classical biological control, mycoherbicides and suppressive plants with management tools such as chemical, physical, grazing management and cultural management is desirable.","PeriodicalId":405552,"journal":{"name":"Parthenium weed: biology, ecology and management","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124026681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781780645254.0190
Nimal R Chandrasena, Adusumilli Narayana Rao
Abstract There has been a debate about the potential role of utilization in management of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus). A large volume of published material is available on potential uses of this weed and opportunities for further exploitation. This chapter critically reviews this published information on the actual uses of the plant in different countries. It also weighs the benefits and potential problems associated with utilization of this weed in countries where existing infestations are large and threaten to spread further. It also explores the question: should utilization be considered an effective management tool in countries such as India, to manage existing infestations and prevent its further spread? It is concluded that the risks of spread and the overall negative economic, social and environmental impacts of parthenium weed may far outweigh its potential benefits, particularly in regions susceptible to new invasions. Therefore, a precautionary approach is suggested in promoting utilization of parthenium weed, not least because failure to do so would undermine the current efforts to contain its spread across many countries in Asia, South-east Asia, Africa and Australia.
{"title":"Parthenium weed: uses and abuses.","authors":"Nimal R Chandrasena, Adusumilli Narayana Rao","doi":"10.1079/9781780645254.0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780645254.0190","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 There has been a debate about the potential role of utilization in management of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus). A large volume of published material is available on potential uses of this weed and opportunities for further exploitation. This chapter critically reviews this published information on the actual uses of the plant in different countries. It also weighs the benefits and potential problems associated with utilization of this weed in countries where existing infestations are large and threaten to spread further. It also explores the question: should utilization be considered an effective management tool in countries such as India, to manage existing infestations and prevent its further spread? It is concluded that the risks of spread and the overall negative economic, social and environmental impacts of parthenium weed may far outweigh its potential benefits, particularly in regions susceptible to new invasions. Therefore, a precautionary approach is suggested in promoting utilization of parthenium weed, not least because failure to do so would undermine the current efforts to contain its spread across many countries in Asia, South-east Asia, Africa and Australia.","PeriodicalId":405552,"journal":{"name":"Parthenium weed: biology, ecology and management","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131165823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781780645254.0212
R. Mcfadyen, Dhileepan Kunjithapatham, M. Day
Abstract Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) is now recognized as a major invasive weed worldwide. Yet in the 1950s, when it was first discovered in Australia, it was an almost unknown plant. International research on parthenium weed did not start until the 1970s, after reports of increasing health problems caused by the dense infestations in central India. Australian policy makers in 1973-75 were therefore working in an information vacuum when trying to manage this new weed, which was rapidly spreading south from the northern cattle zone. Their response was to establish one of the largest long-term and well-funded weed management programmes ever seen against a single weed, and the outcome has been startlingly successful. This chapter outlines the history and background of parthenium in Australia and the management tools used to produce this success. It shows that the management programme in place from 1975 to the present day, along with the simultaneous development of on-ground methods to reduce spread and a well-funded biological control programme to reduce the impact of existing infestations, has proved highly effective. Parthenium weed is no longer a major threat to farmers and landholders in Australia, and no longer rates as one of the top weeds, even in the worst-affected areas.
{"title":"History and management - Australia and Pacific.","authors":"R. Mcfadyen, Dhileepan Kunjithapatham, M. Day","doi":"10.1079/9781780645254.0212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780645254.0212","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) is now recognized as a major invasive weed worldwide. Yet in the 1950s, when it was first discovered in Australia, it was an almost unknown plant. International research on parthenium weed did not start until the 1970s, after reports of increasing health problems caused by the dense infestations in central India. Australian policy makers in 1973-75 were therefore working in an information vacuum when trying to manage this new weed, which was rapidly spreading south from the northern cattle zone. Their response was to establish one of the largest long-term and well-funded weed management programmes ever seen against a single weed, and the outcome has been startlingly successful. This chapter outlines the history and background of parthenium in Australia and the management tools used to produce this success. It shows that the management programme in place from 1975 to the present day, along with the simultaneous development of on-ground methods to reduce spread and a well-funded biological control programme to reduce the impact of existing infestations, has proved highly effective. Parthenium weed is no longer a major threat to farmers and landholders in Australia, and no longer rates as one of the top weeds, even in the worst-affected areas.","PeriodicalId":405552,"journal":{"name":"Parthenium weed: biology, ecology and management","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133333123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781780645254.0079
A. Witt, A. Belgeri
Abstract This chapter deals with the impact of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) on the environment, more specifically, the negative impact of the weed on soil properties, and the above- and below-ground community biodiversity, including fauna, flora and microorganisms. Also, the chapter comprehensively examines the negative impact of parthenium weed on insect pollinators and shows how the weed can: (i) alter nutrient cycling; (ii) reduce plant species diversity and abundance; (iii) change vegetation structure; and (iv) alter the assemblage of other organisms such as invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Although some key gaps with regard to determining the impacts of parthenium weed on biodiversity have been detected, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that parthenium weed is having a dramatic impact on biodiversity and ecosystem function throughout its introduced range in Africa, Asia and Australia.
{"title":"Impacts on the environment.","authors":"A. Witt, A. Belgeri","doi":"10.1079/9781780645254.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780645254.0079","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter deals with the impact of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) on the environment, more specifically, the negative impact of the weed on soil properties, and the above- and below-ground community biodiversity, including fauna, flora and microorganisms. Also, the chapter comprehensively examines the negative impact of parthenium weed on insect pollinators and shows how the weed can: (i) alter nutrient cycling; (ii) reduce plant species diversity and abundance; (iii) change vegetation structure; and (iv) alter the assemblage of other organisms such as invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Although some key gaps with regard to determining the impacts of parthenium weed on biodiversity have been detected, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that parthenium weed is having a dramatic impact on biodiversity and ecosystem function throughout its introduced range in Africa, Asia and Australia.","PeriodicalId":405552,"journal":{"name":"Parthenium weed: biology, ecology and management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130826719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781780645254.0231
Asad Shabbir Asad Shabbir, B. B. Shrestha, Md. Zulfekar Ali, S. Adkins
Abstract In Southern Asia, parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) is now present in most countries, including India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan. Although there are no confirmed reports of its presence in Afghanistan or Maldives, it is highly likely that it is present in Afghanistan. This chapter discusses the history of invasion, background, spread and management of pathenium weed in Southern Asia. Parthenium weed, arguably the most important invasive plant species in Southern Asia, is well adapted to thrive in the wide-ranging habitats of this region, making management extremely difficult. One conclusion reached is that only an integrated management approach, which involves a suite of strategies (cultural, physical, biological and chemical), will be effective in managing this weed on a long-term and sustainable basis in this region. Management has to be viewed in the long term and needs to involve collaboration across states, regions and countries, as there seems to be no 'silver bullet' solution to this challenging weed.
{"title":"History and management - Southern Asia.","authors":"Asad Shabbir Asad Shabbir, B. B. Shrestha, Md. Zulfekar Ali, S. Adkins","doi":"10.1079/9781780645254.0231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780645254.0231","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 In Southern Asia, parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) is now present in most countries, including India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan. Although there are no confirmed reports of its presence in Afghanistan or Maldives, it is highly likely that it is present in Afghanistan. This chapter discusses the history of invasion, background, spread and management of pathenium weed in Southern Asia. Parthenium weed, arguably the most important invasive plant species in Southern Asia, is well adapted to thrive in the wide-ranging habitats of this region, making management extremely difficult. One conclusion reached is that only an integrated management approach, which involves a suite of strategies (cultural, physical, biological and chemical), will be effective in managing this weed on a long-term and sustainable basis in this region. Management has to be viewed in the long term and needs to involve collaboration across states, regions and countries, as there seems to be no 'silver bullet' solution to this challenging weed.","PeriodicalId":405552,"journal":{"name":"Parthenium weed: biology, ecology and management","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122363015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781780645254.0157
S. Campbell, W. Vogler, T. Tamado
Abstract The ecology of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus), particularly its persistent soil seed bank, the multiple dispersal mechanisms and the ability to reach reproductive maturity quickly, allows it to persist in areas following initial control activities. To attain the desired level of management, several follow-up treatments are required and to do this most effectively, consideration should be given to all available options and how they can be integrated. This chapter considers the importance of other management strategies and discusses them in the context of integrated weed management. A detailed account is presented of cultural (legislative measures, hygiene practices, crop rotation, cover crops, competition and suppression), physical (manual and mechanical removal, fire and heat) and chemical (synthetic and natural products) approaches used to manage parthenium weed in different parts of the world.
{"title":"Management: physical, cultural, chemical.","authors":"S. Campbell, W. Vogler, T. Tamado","doi":"10.1079/9781780645254.0157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780645254.0157","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 The ecology of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus), particularly its persistent soil seed bank, the multiple dispersal mechanisms and the ability to reach reproductive maturity quickly, allows it to persist in areas following initial control activities. To attain the desired level of management, several follow-up treatments are required and to do this most effectively, consideration should be given to all available options and how they can be integrated. This chapter considers the importance of other management strategies and discusses them in the context of integrated weed management. A detailed account is presented of cultural (legislative measures, hygiene practices, crop rotation, cover crops, competition and suppression), physical (manual and mechanical removal, fire and heat) and chemical (synthetic and natural products) approaches used to manage parthenium weed in different parts of the world.","PeriodicalId":405552,"journal":{"name":"Parthenium weed: biology, ecology and management","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116110344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781780645254.0253
B. Shi, Saichun Tang, T. Lan, Dhileepan Kunjithapatham
Abstract In East and South-east Asia, parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) has invaded many countries, including Vietnam in 1922, Southern China in 1926, Japan in 1972, Taiwan in 1988, Korea in 1993, a new second introduction has been identified in Northern China (Shandong Province) in 2004, and it has been found in peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak in 2013 and Thailand in 2016. This chapter discusses the history of invasion, background, spread and management (using chemical, cultural, physical and biological control methods) of pathenium weed in East and South-east Asian countries. Only a limited amount of information is available on the incidence of parthenium weed in these countries. More survey work is suggested to determine the full extent of the parthenium weed invasion. Although some countries have reported the presence of the weed and have some knowledge of its spread, legislative frameworks to help prevent further invasion and spread of parthenium weed are still needed. Also, educational tools need to be developed to raise public awareness. Methods to prevent further spread need to be implemented, including restrictions on the movement of seed lots and food products from infested to non-infested weed-free regions, and the potential for future biological control investigated.
{"title":"History and management in East and South-east Asia.","authors":"B. Shi, Saichun Tang, T. Lan, Dhileepan Kunjithapatham","doi":"10.1079/9781780645254.0253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780645254.0253","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 In East and South-east Asia, parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) has invaded many countries, including Vietnam in 1922, Southern China in 1926, Japan in 1972, Taiwan in 1988, Korea in 1993, a new second introduction has been identified in Northern China (Shandong Province) in 2004, and it has been found in peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak in 2013 and Thailand in 2016. This chapter discusses the history of invasion, background, spread and management (using chemical, cultural, physical and biological control methods) of pathenium weed in East and South-east Asian countries. Only a limited amount of information is available on the incidence of parthenium weed in these countries. More survey work is suggested to determine the full extent of the parthenium weed invasion. Although some countries have reported the presence of the weed and have some knowledge of its spread, legislative frameworks to help prevent further invasion and spread of parthenium weed are still needed. Also, educational tools need to be developed to raise public awareness. Methods to prevent further spread need to be implemented, including restrictions on the movement of seed lots and food products from infested to non-infested weed-free regions, and the potential for future biological control investigated.","PeriodicalId":405552,"journal":{"name":"Parthenium weed: biology, ecology and management","volume":"344 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121939036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781780645254.0001
S. Adkins, A. Shabbir, K. Dhileepan
Abstract Research on parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) is in progress in many countries, including Australia, India, South Africa, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Sri Lanka and Nepal. This book, with contributions from expert researchers with extensive involvement in parthenium weed research from these countries, has collected and synthesized existing knowledge on parthenium weed in 16 chapters covering aspects of: (i) biology; (ii) ecology; (iii) genetics; (iv) introduction histories; (v) geographical distribution; (vi) the impact on agriculture, natural forests and the environment of protected areas; (vii) allelopathy; (viii) impacts on human and animal health; (ix) potential uses; and (x) management strategies, including chemical, cultural and biological control methods. The book also provides current distribution records/status of the weed, along with future risks of spread based on climate change. There are dedicated chapters on the current status of parthenium weed problems in Australia and the Pacific, Southern Asia, East and South-east Asia, North Africa and the Middle East, and southern Africa. All chapters have relevant photos and figures included to make the reading interesting. This is the first book on parthenium weed under the CABI invasive species series. The book will be of immense value to all countries with a parthenium problem, which will benefit by sharing knowledge and experience.
{"title":"An introduction to the 'demon plant' parthenium weed.","authors":"S. Adkins, A. Shabbir, K. Dhileepan","doi":"10.1079/9781780645254.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780645254.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Research on parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) is in progress in many countries, including Australia, India, South Africa, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Sri Lanka and Nepal. This book, with contributions from expert researchers with extensive involvement in parthenium weed research from these countries, has collected and synthesized existing knowledge on parthenium weed in 16 chapters covering aspects of: (i) biology; (ii) ecology; (iii) genetics; (iv) introduction histories; (v) geographical distribution; (vi) the impact on agriculture, natural forests and the environment of protected areas; (vii) allelopathy; (viii) impacts on human and animal health; (ix) potential uses; and (x) management strategies, including chemical, cultural and biological control methods. The book also provides current distribution records/status of the weed, along with future risks of spread based on climate change. There are dedicated chapters on the current status of parthenium weed problems in Australia and the Pacific, Southern Asia, East and South-east Asia, North Africa and the Middle East, and southern Africa. All chapters have relevant photos and figures included to make the reading interesting. This is the first book on parthenium weed under the CABI invasive species series. The book will be of immense value to all countries with a parthenium problem, which will benefit by sharing knowledge and experience.","PeriodicalId":405552,"journal":{"name":"Parthenium weed: biology, ecology and management","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127748882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781780645254.0007
S. Adkins, A. McClay, A. Bajwa
Abstract This chapter provides comprehensive information on the overall biology and ecology of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus). It provides specific details on the taxonomy, plant distinguishing characteristics, its likely centre of origin, genetics and intraspecific diversity, growth, reproduction and phenology, seed biology (including seed production, dispersal, dormancy, germination, longevity and seed bank), population dynamics and preferred climatic requirements for growth. The chapter also highlights how various biological and ecological characteristics of parthenium weed, such as its morphological attributes, biological plasticity, intermediate photosynthesis mechanism, allelopathy, stress tolerance, competitive ability and long-lived seeds, make it one of the most successful global invasive species.
{"title":"Biology and ecology.","authors":"S. Adkins, A. McClay, A. Bajwa","doi":"10.1079/9781780645254.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780645254.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter provides comprehensive information on the overall biology and ecology of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus). It provides specific details on the taxonomy, plant distinguishing characteristics, its likely centre of origin, genetics and intraspecific diversity, growth, reproduction and phenology, seed biology (including seed production, dispersal, dormancy, germination, longevity and seed bank), population dynamics and preferred climatic requirements for growth. The chapter also highlights how various biological and ecological characteristics of parthenium weed, such as its morphological attributes, biological plasticity, intermediate photosynthesis mechanism, allelopathy, stress tolerance, competitive ability and long-lived seeds, make it one of the most successful global invasive species.","PeriodicalId":405552,"journal":{"name":"Parthenium weed: biology, ecology and management","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127629734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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